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Zero-shot Model Diagnosis

Zero-shot Model Diagnosis

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Luo, Jinqi Wang, Zhaoning Wu, Chen Henry Huang, Dong De la Torre, Fernando Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

When it comes to deploying deep vision models, the behavior of these systems must be explicable to ensure confidence in their reliability and fairness. A common approach to evaluate deep learning models is to build a labeled test set with attributes of interest and assess how well it performs. However, creating a balanced test set (i.e., one that is uniformly sampled over all the important traits) is often time-consuming, expensive, and prone to mistakes. The question we try to address is: can we evaluate the sensitivity of deep learning models to arbitrary visual attributes without an annotated test set? This paper argues the case that Zero-shot Model Diagnosis (ZOOM) is possible without the need for a test set nor labeling. To avoid the need for test sets, our system relies on a generative model and CLIP. The key idea is enabling the user to select a set of prompts (relevant to the problem) and our system will automatically search for semantic counterfactual images (i.e., synthesized images that flip the prediction in the case of a binary classifier) using the generative model. We evaluate several visual tasks (classification, key-point detection, and segmentation) in multiple visual domains to demonstrate the viability of our methodology. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method is capable of producing counterfactual images and offering sensitivity analysis for model diagnosis without the need for a test set.

关键词： Explainable computer vision

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3D Point Cloud Instance Segmentation of Lettuce Based on PartNet

3D Point Cloud Instance Segmentation of Lettuce Based on Par...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Wang, Luhan Zheng, Lihua Wang, Minjuan China Agr Univ Key Lab Smart Agr Syst Minist Educ Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Organ level instance segmentation (e.g., individual leaves) based on computer vision techniques is a key step in the measurement of plant phenotypes. Since plant organs, especially leaves, are self-occluded and emerged-occluded, single-view images affect the acquisition of some effective information. However, 3D global images contain much more plant morphological information than single-view images, and it is of great significance for plant phenotype research. In this paper, lettuce was taken as the research object, its 3D point cloud images were obtained and instance segmentation was carried out based on the deep learning method. The result showed that the 3D point cloud of each leaf was segmented and identified accurately. Specifically, we constructed a lettuce point cloud dataset consisting of 620 real and synthetic point clouds and fused them together to train a 3D instance segmentation network-PartNet, which directly takes 3D point clouds as input and its output is the instance segmentation results of leaves. The experimental results showed that, when tested with 40 point clouds in the validation set, the metric Average Precision (%) with IoU threshold being 0.25 reached 97.2%, and with IoU threshold being 0.5 reached 92.4% respectively, indicating that the constructed PartNet network has the potential to accurately segment the 3D point cloud leaf instances for lettuce.

关键词： Point cloud compression Training Image segmentation Solid modeling computer vision Three-dimensional displays Pipelines

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Blueprint Separable Residual Network for Efficient Image Super-Resolution

Blueprint Separable Residual Network for Efficient Image Sup...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Li, Zheyuan Liu, Yingqi Chen, Xiangyu Cai, Haoming Gu, Jinjin Qiao, Yu Dong, Chao Chinese Acad Sci ShenZhen Key Lab Comp Vis & Pattern Recognit Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol SIAT SenseTime Joint Lab Beijing Peoples R China Univ Macau Taipa Macao Peoples R China Shanghai AI Lab Shanghai Peoples R China Univ Sydney Sydney NSW Australia

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Recent advances in single image super-resolution (SISR) have achieved extraordinary performance, but the computational cost is too heavy to apply in edge devices. To alleviate this problem, many novel and effective solutions have been proposed. Convolutional neural network (CNN) with the attention mechanism has attracted increasing attention due to its efficiency and effectiveness. However, there is still redundancy in the convolution operation. In this paper, we propose Blueprint Separable Residual Network (BSRN) containing two efficient designs. One is the usage of blueprint separable convolution (BSConv), which takes place of the redundant convolution operation. The other is to enhance the model ability by introducing more effective attention modules. The experimental results show that BSRN achieves state-of-the-art performance among existing efficient SR methods. Moreover, a smaller variant of our model BSRN-S won the first place in model complexity track of NTIRE 2022 Efficient SR Challenge. The code is available at https://***/xiaom233/BSRN.

关键词： Performance evaluation Convolution Computational modeling Superresolution Redundancy Complexity theory pattern recognition

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Does Interference Exist When Training a Once-For-All Network?

Does Interference Exist When Training a Once-For-All Network...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Shipard, Jordan Wiliem, Arnold Fookes, Clinton Queensland Univ Technol Signal Proc Artificial Intelligence & Vis Technol Brisbane Qld Australia Sentient Vis Syst Port Melbourne Vic Australia

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

The Once-For-All (OFA) method offers an excellent pathway to deploy a trained neural network model into multiple target platforms by utilising the supernet-subnet architecture. Once trained, a subnet can be derived from the supernet (both architecture and trained weights) and deployed directly to the target platform with little to no retraining or fine-tuning. To train the subnet population, OFA uses a novel training method called Progressive Shrinking (PS) which is designed to limit the negative impact of interference during training. It is believed that higher interference during training results in lower subnet population accuracies. In this work we take a second look at this interference effect. Surprisingly, we find that interference mitigation strategies do not have a large impact on the overall subnet population performance. Instead, we find the subnet architecture selection bias during training to be a more important aspect. To show this, we propose a simple-yet-effective method called Random Subnet Sampling (RSS), which does not have mitigation on the interference effect. Despite no mitigation, RSS is able to produce a better performing subnet population than PS in four small-to-medium-sized datasets;suggesting that the interference effect does not play a pivotal role in these datasets. Due to its simplicity, RSS provides a 1.9x reduction in training times compared to PS. A 6.1x reduction can also be achieved with a reasonable drop in performance when the number of RSS training epochs are reduced.

关键词： Training computer vision Codes conferences Sociology Neural networks Interference

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Unpaired Face Restoration via Learnable Cross-Quality Shift

Unpaired Face Restoration via Learnable Cross-Quality Shift

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Dong, Yangyi Zhang, Xiaoyun Wang, Zhixin Zhang, Ya Chen, Siheng Wang, Yanfeng Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Cooperat Medianet Innovat Ctr Shanghai Peoples R China Shanghai AI Lab Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Face restoration aims to recover high-quality (HQ) face images from low-quality (LQ) ones with various unknown degradations. Unpaired face restoration approaches focus on the adaptation to unseen degradations, which is a more challenging setting. Recently, generative facial priors of StyleGAN are used to improve the restoration capability of paired face restoration methods. For unpaired methods, however, using face priors is a challenge due to the lack of paired supervision. To address this issue, we take advantage of the editing capabilities of StyleGAN's latent code and propose a novel learnable cross-quality shift. The proposed learnable cross-quality shift not only introduces the generative facial priors into the unpaired framework, but also enables the straight-forward addition/subtraction in the latent feature space to achieve quality conversion. Furthermore, we design a two-branch framework with the proposed cross-quality shift to deal with unpaired data and improve the fidelity of restoration. With the unpaired framework, our method can be fine-tuned on images with unseen degradation. Experimental results show that (i) compared to state-of-the-art methods, our method improves performances under moderate and severe degradation situations;and (ii) both the proposed learnable cross-quality shift and the two-branch framework benefit the restoration performance.

关键词： Degradation computer vision Codes Face recognition conferences Image restoration Faces

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Efficient and Explicit Modelling of Image Hierarchies for Image Restoration

Efficient and Explicit Modelling of Image Hierarchies for Im...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Li, Yawei Fan, Yuchen Xiang, Xiaoyu Demandolx, Denis Ranjan, Rakesh Timofte, Radu Van Gool, Luc Swiss Fed Inst Technol Comp Vis Lab Zurich Switzerland Meta Real Labs Menlo Pk CA 33137 USA Univ Wurzburg Wurzburg Germany Katholieke Univ Leuven Leuven Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

The aim of this paper is to propose a mechanism to efficiently and explicitly model image hierarchies in the global, regional, and local range for image restoration. To achieve that, we start by analyzing two important properties of natural images including cross-scale similarity and anisotropic image features. Inspired by that, we propose the anchored stripe self-attention which achieves a good balance between the space and time complexity of self-attention and the modelling capacity beyond the regional range. Then we propose a new network architecture dubbed GRL to explicitly model image hierarchies in the Global, Regional, and Local range via anchored stripe self-attention, window self-attention, and channel attention enhanced convolution. Finally, the proposed network is applied to 7 image restoration types, covering both real and synthetic settings. The proposed method sets the new state-of-the-art for several of those. Code will be available at https://***/ofsoundof/***.

关键词： Low-level vision

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Cascaded Local Implicit Transformer for Arbitrary-Scale Super-Resolution

Cascaded Local Implicit Transformer for Arbitrary-Scale Supe...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Chen, Hao-Wei Xu, Yu-Syuan Hong, Min-Fong Tsai, Yi-Min Kuo, Hsien-Kai Lee, Chun-Yi Natl Tsing Hua Univ Elsa Lab Hsinchu Taiwan MediaTek Inc Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Implicit neural representation has recently shown a promising ability in representing images with arbitrary resolutions. In this paper, we present a Local Implicit Transformer (LIT), which integrates the attention mechanism and frequency encoding technique into a local implicit image function. We design a cross-scale local attention block to effectively aggregate local features and a local frequency encoding block to combine positional encoding with Fourier domain information for constructing high-resolution images. To further improve representative power, we propose a Cascaded LIT (CLIT) that exploits multi-scale features, along with a cumulative training strategy that gradually increases the upsampling scales during training. We have conducted extensive experiments to validate the effectiveness of these components and analyze various training strategies. The qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that LIT and CLIT achieve favorable results and outperform the prior works in arbitrary super-resolution tasks.

关键词： Low-level vision

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NoisyQuant: Noisy Bias-Enhanced Post-Training Activation Quantization for vision Transformers

NoisyQuant: Noisy Bias-Enhanced Post-Training Activation Qua...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Liu, Yijiang Yang, Huanrui Dong, Zhen Keutzer, Kurt Du, Li Zhang, Shanghang Nanjing Univ Nanjing Peoples R China Univ Calif Berkeley Berkeley CA USA Peking Univ Sch Comp Sci Natl Key Lab Multimedia Informat Proc Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

The complicated architecture and high training cost of vision transformers urge the exploration of post-training quantization. However, the heavy-tailed distribution of vision transformer activations hinders the effectiveness of previous post-training quantization methods, even with advanced quantizer designs. Instead of tuning the quantizer to better fit the complicated activation distribution, this paper proposes NoisyQuant, a quantizer-agnostic enhancement for the post-training activation quantization performance of vision transformers. We make a surprising theoretical discovery that for a given quantizer, adding a fixed Uniform noisy bias to the values being quantized can significantly reduce the quantization error under provable conditions. Building on the theoretical insight, NoisyQuant achieves the first success on actively altering the heavy-tailed activation distribution with additive noisy bias to fit a given quantizer. Extensive experiments show NoisyQuant largely improves the post-training quantization performance of vision transformer with minimal computation overhead. For instance, on linear uniform 6-bit activation quantization, NoisyQuant improves SOTA top-1 accuracy on ImageNet by up to 1.7%, 1.1% and 0.5% for ViT, DeiT, and Swin Transformer respectively, achieving on-par or even higher performance than previous nonlinear, mixed-precision quantization.

关键词： Efficient and scalable vision

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Learning Steerable Function for Efficient Image Resampling

Learning Steerable Function for Efficient Image Resampling

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Li, Jiacheng Chen, Chang Huang, Wei Lang, Zhiqiang Song, Fenglong Yan, Youliang Xiong, Zhiwei Univ Sci & Technol China Chengdu Peoples R China Huawei Noahs Ark Lab Montreal PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Image resampling is a basic technique that is widely employed in daily applications. Existing deep neural networks (DNNs) have made impressive progress in resampling performance. Yet these methods are still not the perfect substitute for interpolation, due to the issues of efficiency and continuous resampling. In this work, we propose a novel method of Learning Resampling Function (termed LeRF), which takes advantage of both the structural priors learned by DNNs and the locally continuous assumption of interpolation methods. Specifically, LeRF assigns spatially-varying steerable resampling functions to input image pixels and learns to predict the hyper-parameters that determine the orientations of these resampling functions with a neural network. To achieve highly efficient inference, we adopt look-up tables (LUTs) to accelerate the inference of the learned neural network. Furthermore, we design a directional ensemble strategy and edge-sensitive indexing patterns to better capture local structures. Extensive experiments show that our method runs as fast as interpolation, generalizes well to arbitrary transformations, and outperforms interpolation significantly, e.g., up to 3dB PSNR gain over bicubic for x2 upsampling on Manga109.

关键词： Low-level vision

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EVREAL: Towards a Comprehensive Benchmark and Analysis Suite for Event-based Video Reconstruction

EVREAL: Towards a Comprehensive Benchmark and Analysis Suite...

引用

2023 ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, CVPRW 2023

作者： Ercan, Burak Eker, Onur Erdem, Aykut Erdem, Erkut Hacettepe University Computer Engineering Department Turkey Havelsan Inc Turkey Koç University Computer Engineering Department Turkey Koç University Kuis Ai Center Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302493

Event cameras are a new type of vision sensor that incorporates asynchronous and independent pixels, offering advantages over traditional frame-based cameras such as high dynamic range and minimal motion blur. However, their output is not easily understandable by humans, making the reconstruction of intensity images from event streams a fundamental task in event-based vision. While recent deep learning-based methods have shown promise in video reconstruction from events, this problem is not completely solved yet. To facilitate comparison between different approaches, standardized evaluation protocols and diverse test datasets are essential. This paper proposes a unified evaluation methodology and introduces an open-source framework called EVREAL to comprehensively benchmark and analyze various event-based video reconstruction methods from the literature. Using EVREAL, we give a detailed analysis of the state-of-the-art methods for event-based video reconstruction, and provide valuable insights into the performance of these methods under varying settings, challenging scenarios, and downstream tasks. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： Cameras

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