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Masked vision Transformers for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Masked Vision Transformers for Hyperspectral Image Classific...

引用

2023 ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, CVPRW 2023

作者： Scheibenreif, Linus Mommert, Michael Borth, Damian University of St. Gallen Aiml Lab School of Computer Science Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302493

Transformer architectures have become state-of-the-art models in computer vision and natural language processing. To a significant degree, their success can be attributed to self-supervised pre-training on large scale unlabeled datasets. This work investigates the use of self-supervised masked image reconstruction to advance transformer models for hyperspectral remote sensing imagery. To facilitate self-supervised pre-training, we build a large dataset of unlabeled hyperspectral observations from the EnMAP satellite and systematically investigate modifications of the vision transformer architecture to optimally leverage the characteristics of hyperspectral data. We find significant improvements in accuracy on different land cover classification tasks over both standard vision and sequence transformers using (i) blockwise patch embeddings, (ii) spatialspectral self-attention, (iii) spectral positional embeddings and (iv) masked self-supervised pre-training1. The resulting model outperforms standard transformer architectures by +5% accuracy on a labeled subset of our EnMAP data and by +15% on Houston2018 hyperspectral dataset, making it competitive with a strong 3D convolutional neural network baseline. In an ablation study on label-efficiency based on the Houston2018 dataset, self-supervised pre-training significantly improves transformer accuracy when little labeled training data is available. The self-supervised model outperforms randomly initialized transformers and the 3D convolutional neural network by +7-8% when only 0.1-10% of the training labels are available. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： Embeddings

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Quality-aware Pre-trained Models for Blind Image Quality Assessment

Quality-aware Pre-trained Models for Blind Image Quality Ass...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Zhao, Kai Yuan, Kun Sun, Ming Li, Mading Wen, Xing Kuaishou Technol Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Blind image quality assessment (BIQA) aims to automatically evaluate the perceived quality of a single image, whose performance has been improved by deep learning-based methods in recent years. However, the paucity of labeled data somewhat restrains deep learning-based BIQA methods from unleashing their full potential. In this paper, we propose to solve the problem by a pretext task customized for BIQA in a self-supervised learning manner, which enables learning representations from orders of magnitude more data. To constrain the learning process, we propose a quality-aware contrastive loss based on a simple assumption: the quality of patches from a distorted image should be similar, but vary from patches from the same image with different degradations and patches from different images. Further, we improve the existing degradation process and form a degradation space with the size of roughly 2 x 10(7). After pre-trained on ImageNet using our method, models are more sensitive to image quality and perform significantly better on downstream BIQA tasks. Experimental results show that our method obtains remarkable improvements on popular BIQA datasets.

关键词： Low-level vision

来源：评论

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Ambiguous Medical Image Segmentation using Diffusion Models

Ambiguous Medical Image Segmentation using Diffusion Models

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Rahman, Aimon Valanarasu, Jeya Maria Jose Hacihaliloglu, Ilker Patel, Vishal M. Johns Hopkins Univ Baltimore MD 21218 USA Univ British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Collective insights from a group of experts have always proven to outperform an individual's best diagnostic for clinical tasks. For the task of medical image segmentation, existing research on AI-based alternatives focuses more on developing models that can imitate the best individual rather than harnessing the power of expert groups. In this paper, we introduce a single diffusion model-based approach that produces multiple plausible outputs by learning a distribution over group insights. Our proposed model generates a distribution of segmentation masks by leveraging the inherent stochastic sampling process of diffusion using only minimal additional learning. We demonstrate on three different medical image modalities- CT, ultrasound, and MRI that our model is capable of producing several possible variants while capturing the frequencies of their occurrences. Comprehensive results show that our proposed approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art ambiguous segmentation networks in terms of accuracy while preserving naturally occurring variation. We also propose a new metric to evaluate the diversity as well as the accuracy of segmentation predictions that aligns with the interest of clinical practice of collective insights. Implementation code: https://***/aimansnigdha/Ambiguous-Medical-Image-Segmentation-using-Diffusion-Models.

关键词： cell microscopy Medical and biological vision

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MEDIC: Remove Model Backdoors via Importance Driven Cloning

MEDIC: Remove Model Backdoors via Importance Driven Cloning

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Xu, Qiuling Tao, Guanhong Honorio, Jean Liu, Yingqi An, Shengwei Shen, Guangyu Cheng, Siyuan Zhang, Xiangyu Purdue Univ W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

We develop a novel method to remove injected backdoors in deep learning models. It works by cloning the benign behaviors of a trojaned model to a new model of the same structure. It trains the clone model from scratch on a very small subset of samples and aims to minimize a cloning loss that denotes the differences between the activations of important neurons across the two models. The set of important neurons varies for each input, depending on their magnitude of activations and their impact on the classification result. We theoretically show our method can better recover benign functions of the backdoor model. Meanwhile, we prove our method can be more effective in removing backdoors compared with fine-tuning. Our experiments show that our technique can effectively remove nine different types of backdoors with minor benign accuracy degradation, outperforming the state-of-the-art backdoor removal techniques that are based on fine-tuning, knowledge distillation, and neuron pruning.(1)

关键词： ethics in vision fairness*accountability privacy Transparency

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A Simple Framework for Text-Supervised Semantic Segmentation

A Simple Framework for Text-Supervised Semantic Segmentation

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Yi, Muyang Cui, Quan Wu, Hao Yang, Cheng Yoshie, Osamu Lu, Hongtao Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ AI Inst Dept Comp Sci & Engn MoE Key Lab Artificial Intelligence Shanghai Peoples R China Waseda Univ Tokyo Japan ByteDance Inc Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Text-supervised semantic segmentation is a novel research topic that allows semantic segments to emerge with image-text contrasting. However, pioneering methods could be subject to specifically designed network architectures. This paper shows that a vanilla contrastive language-image pre-training (CLIP) model is an effective text-supervised semantic segmentor by itself. First, we reveal that a vanilla CLIP is inferior to localization and segmentation due to its optimization being driven by densely aligning visual and language representations. Second, we propose the locality-driven alignment (LoDA) to address the problem, where CLIP optimization is driven by sparsely aligning local representations. Third, we propose a simple segmentation (SimSeg) framework. LoDA and SimSeg jointly ameliorate a vanilla CLIP to produce impressive semantic segmentation results. Our method outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods on PASCAL VOC 2012, PASCAL Context and COCO datasets by large margins. Code and models are available at ***/muyangyi/SimSeg.

关键词： and reasoning language vision

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Toward Accurate Post-Training Quantization for Image Super Resolution

Toward Accurate Post-Training Quantization for Image Super R...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Tu, Zhijun Hu, Jie Chen, Hanting Wang, Yunhe Huawei Noahs Ark Lab Montreal PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Model quantization is a crucial step for deploying super resolution (SR) networks on mobile devices. However, existing works focus on quantization-aware training, which requires complete dataset and expensive computational overhead. In this paper, we study post-training quantization (PTQ) for image super resolution using only a few unlabeled calibration images. As the SR model aims to maintain the texture and color information of input images, the distribution of activations are long-tailed, asymmetric and highly dynamic compared with classification models. To this end, we introduce the density-based dual clipping to cut off the outliers based on analyzing the asymmetric bounds of activations. Moreover, we present a novel pixel aware calibration method with the supervision of the full-precision model to accommodate the highly dynamic range of different samples. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms existing PTQ algorithms on various models and datasets. For instance, we get a 2.091 dB increase on Urban100 benchmark when quantizing EDSRx4 to 4-bit with 100 unlabeled images. Our code is available at both PyTorch and MindSpore.

关键词： Low-level vision

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Making the V in Text-VQA Matter

Making the V in Text-VQA Matter

引用

2023 ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, CVPRW 2023

作者： Hegde, Shamanthak Jahagirdar, Soumya Gangisetty, Shankar Kle Technological University Hubballi India Cvit Iiit Hyderabad Hyderabad India Iiit Hyderabad Hyderabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302493

Text-based VQA aims at answering questions by reading the text present in the images. It requires a large amount of scene-text relationship understanding compared to the VQA task. Recent studies have shown that the question-answer pairs in the dataset are more focused on the text present in the image but less importance is given to visual features and some questions do not require understanding the image. The models trained on this dataset predict biased answers due to the lack of understanding of visual context. For example, in questions like "What is written on the signboard?", the answer predicted by the model is always "STOP"which makes the model to ignore the image. To address these issues, we propose a method to learn visual features (making V matter in TextVQA) along with the OCR features and question features using VQA dataset as external knowledge for Text-based VQA. Specifically, we combine the TextVQA dataset and VQA dataset and train the model on this combined dataset. Such a simple, yet effective approach increases the understanding and correlation between the image features and text present in the image, which helps in the better answering of questions. We further test the model on different datasets and compare their qualitative and quantitative results. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： computer vision

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Few-Shot Image Classification Benchmarks are Too Far From Reality: Build Back Better with Semantic Task Sampling

Few-Shot Image Classification Benchmarks are Too Far From Re...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Bennequin, Etienne Tami, Myriam Toubhans, Antoine Hudelot, Celine Univ Paris Saclay Cent Supelec Gif Sur Yvette France Sicara Paris France

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Every day, a new method is published to tackle Few-Shot Image Classification, showing better and better performances on academic benchmarks. Nevertheless, we observe that these current benchmarks do not accurately represent the real industrial use cases that we encountered. In this work, through both qualitative and quantitative studies, we expose that the widely used benchmark tieredImageNet is strongly biased towards tasks composed of very semantically dissimilar classes e.g. bathtub, cabbage, pizza, schipperke, and cardoon. This makes tieredImageNet (and similar benchmarks) irrelevant to evaluate the ability of a model to solve real-life use cases usually involving more fine-grained classification. We mitigate this bias using semantic information about the classes of tieredImageNet and generate an improved, balanced benchmark. Going further, we also introduce a new benchmark for Few-Shot Image Classification using the Danish Fungi 2020 dataset. This benchmark proposes a wide variety of evaluation tasks with various fine-graininess. Moreover, this benchmark includes many-way tasks (e.g. composed of 100 classes), which is a challenging setting yet very common in industrial applications. Our experiments bring out the correlation between the difficulty of a task and the semantic similarity between its classes, as well as a heavy performance drop of state-of-the-art methods on many-way few-shot classification, raising questions about the scaling abilities of these methods. We hope that our work will encourage the community to further question the quality of standard evaluation processes and their relevance to real-life applications.

关键词： Fungi Training Limiting Shape Semantics Benchmark testing pattern recognition

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Cascaded Local Implicit Transformer for Arbitrary-Scale Super-Resolution

Cascaded Local Implicit Transformer for Arbitrary-Scale Supe...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Chen, Hao-Wei Xu, Yu-Syuan Hong, Min-Fong Tsai, Yi-Min Kuo, Hsien-Kai Lee, Chun-Yi Natl Tsing Hua Univ Elsa Lab Hsinchu Taiwan MediaTek Inc Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Implicit neural representation has recently shown a promising ability in representing images with arbitrary resolutions. In this paper, we present a Local Implicit Transformer (LIT), which integrates the attention mechanism and frequency encoding technique into a local implicit image function. We design a cross-scale local attention block to effectively aggregate local features and a local frequency encoding block to combine positional encoding with Fourier domain information for constructing high-resolution images. To further improve representative power, we propose a Cascaded LIT (CLIT) that exploits multi-scale features, along with a cumulative training strategy that gradually increases the upsampling scales during training. We have conducted extensive experiments to validate the effectiveness of these components and analyze various training strategies. The qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that LIT and CLIT achieve favorable results and outperform the prior works in arbitrary super-resolution tasks.

关键词： Low-level vision

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Balanced Energy Regularization Loss for Out-of-distribution Detection

Balanced Energy Regularization Loss for Out-of-distribution ...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Choi, Hyunjun Jeong, Hawook Choi, Jin Young Seoul Natl Univ ASRI ECE Seoul South Korea RideFlux Inc Jeju South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

In the field of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, a previous method that use auxiliary data as OOD data has shown promising performance. However, the method provides an equal loss to all auxiliary data to differentiate them from inliers. However, based on our observation, in various tasks, there is a general imbalance in the distribution of the auxiliary OOD data across classes. We propose a balanced energy regularization loss that is simple but generally effective for a variety of tasks. Our balanced energy regularization loss utilizes class-wise different prior probabilities for auxiliary data to address the class imbalance in OOD data. The main concept is to regularize auxiliary samples from majority classes, more heavily than those from minority classes. Our approach performs better for OOD detection in semantic segmentation, long-tailed image classification, and image classification than the prior energy regularization loss. Furthermore, our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance in two tasks: OOD detection in semantic segmentation and long-tailed image classification.

关键词： vision applications and systems

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