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Weakly Supervised Visual Question Answer Generation

Weakly Supervised Visual Question Answer Generation

引用

2023 ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, CVPRW 2023

作者： Alampalle, Charani Hegde, Shamanthak Jahagirdar, Soumya Gangisetty, Shankar AlphaICs Bengaluru India Kle Technological University Hubballi India Cvit Iiit Hyderabad Hyderabad India Iiit Hyderabad Hyderabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302493

Growing interest in conversational agents promote two-way human-computer communications involving asking and answering visual questions have become an active area of research in AI. Thus, generation of visual question-answer pair(s) becomes an important and challenging task. To address this issue, we propose a weakly-supervised visual question answer generation method that generates a relevant question-answer pairs for a given input image and associated caption. Most of the prior works are supervised and depend on the annotated question-answer datasets. In our work, we present a weakly supervised method that synthetically generates question-answer pairs procedurally from visual information and captions. The proposed method initially extracts list of answer words, then does nearest question generation that uses the caption and answer word to generate synthetic question. Next, the relevant question generator converts the nearest question to relevant language question by dependency parsing and in-order tree traversal, finally, fine-tune a ViLBERT model with the question-answer pair(s) generated at end. We perform an exhaustive experimental analysis on VQA dataset and see that our model significantly outperform SOTA methods on BLEU scores. We also show the results wrt baseline models and ablation study. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： computer vision

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Complexity-guided Slimmable Decoder for Efficient Deep Video Compression

Complexity-guided Slimmable Decoder for Efficient Deep Video...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Hu, Zhihao Xu, Dong Beihang Univ Beijing Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

In this work, we propose the complexity-guided slimmable decoder (cgSlimDecoder) in combination with skip-adaptive entropy coding (SaEC) for efficient deep video compression. Specifically, given the target complexity constraints, in our cgSlimDecoder, we introduce a set of new channel width selection modules to automatically decide the optimal channel width of each slimmable convolution layer. By optimizing the complexity-rate-distortion related objective function to directly learn the parameters of the newly introduced channel width selection modules and other modules in the decoder, our cgSlimDecoder can automatically allocate the optimal numbers of parameters for different types of modules (e.g., motion/residual decoder and the motion compensation network) and simultaneously support multiple complexity levels by using a single learnt decoder instead of multiple decoders. In addition, our proposed SaEC can further accelerate the entropy decoding procedure in both motion and residual decoders by simply skipping the entropy coding process for the elements in the encoded feature maps that are already well-predicted by the hyperprior network. As demonstrated in our comprehensive experiments, our newly proposed methods cgSlimDecoder and SaEC are general and can be readily incorporated into three widely used deep video codecs (i.e., DVC, FVC and DCVC) to significantly improve their coding efficiency with negligible performance drop.

关键词： Low-level vision

来源：评论

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Prefix Conditioning Unifies Language and Label Supervision

Prefix Conditioning Unifies Language and Label Supervision

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Saito, Kuniaki Sohn, Kihyuk Zhang, Xiang Li, Chun-Liang Lee, Chen-Yu Saenko, Kate Pfister, Tomas Boston Univ Boston MA 02215 USA Google Cloud AI Res Mountain View CA USA Google Res Mountain View CA USA MIT IBM Watson Iab Cambridge MA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Pretraining visual models on web-scale image-caption datasets has recently emerged as a powerful alternative to traditional pretraining on image classification data. Image-caption datasets are more "open-domain", containing broader scene types and vocabulary words, and result in models that have strong performance in few- and zero-shot recognition tasks. However large-scale classification datasets can provide fine-grained categories with a balanced label distribution. In this work, we study a pretraining strategy that uses both classification and caption datasets to unite their complementary benefits. First, we show that naively unifying the datasets results in suboptimal performance in downstream zero-shot recognition tasks, as the model is affected by dataset bias: the coverage of image domains and vocabulary words is different in each dataset. We address this problem with novel Prefix Conditioning, a simple yet effective method that helps disentangle dataset biases from visual concepts. This is done by introducing prefix tokens that inform the language encoder of the input data type (e.g., classification vs caption) at training time. Our approach allows the language encoder to learn from both datasets while also tailoring feature extraction to each dataset. Prefix conditioning is generic and can be easily integrated into existing VL pretraining objectives, such as CLIP or UniCL. In experiments, we show that it improves zero-shot image recognition and robustness to image-level distribution shift.

关键词： language reasoning vision

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Weakly-supervised Single-view Image Relighting

Weakly-supervised Single-view Image Relighting

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Yi, Renjiao Zhu, Chenyang Xu, Kai Natl Univ Def Technol Changsha Hunan Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

We present a learning-based approach to relight a single image of Lambertian and low-frequency specular objects. Our method enables inserting objects from photographs into new scenes and relighting them under the new environment lighting, which is essential for AR applications. To relight the object, we solve both inverse rendering and re-rendering. To resolve the ill-posed inverse rendering, we propose a weakly-supervised method by a low-rank constraint. To facilitate the weakly-supervised training, we contribute Relit, a large-scale (750K images) dataset of videos with aligned objects under changing illuminations. For re-rendering, we propose a differentiable specular rendering layer to render low-frequency non-Lambertian materials under various illuminations of spherical harmonics. The whole pipeline is end-to-end and efficient, allowing for a mobile app implementation of AR object insertion. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance. Project page: https://***/relighting/.

关键词： Physics-based vision and shape-from-X

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Learning to Render Novel Views from Wide-Baseline Stereo Pairs

Learning to Render Novel Views from Wide-Baseline Stereo Pai...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Du, Yilun Smith, Cameron Tewari, Ayush Sitzmann, Vincent MIT CSAIL Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

We introduce a method for novel view synthesis given only a single wide-baseline stereo image pair. In this challenging regime, 3D scene points are regularly observed only once, requiring prior-based reconstruction of scene geometry and appearance. We find that existing approaches to novel view synthesis from sparse observations fail due to recovering incorrect 3D geometry and due to the high cost of differentiable rendering that precludes their scaling to large-scale training. We take a step towards resolving these shortcomings by formulating a multi-view transformer encoder, proposing an efficient, image-space epipolar line sampling scheme to assemble image features for a target ray, and a lightweight cross-attention-based renderer. Our contributions enable training of our method on a large-scale real-world dataset of indoor and outdoor scenes. We demonstrate that our method learns powerful multi-view geometry priors while reducing the rendering time. We conduct extensive comparisons on held-out test scenes across two real-world datasets, significantly outperforming prior work on novel view synthesis from sparse image observations and achieving multi-view-consistent novel view synthesis.

关键词： vision + graphics

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An Ensemble Approach for Facial Behavior Analysis in-the-wild Video

An Ensemble Approach for Facial Behavior Analysis in-the-wil...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Hong-Hai Nguyen Van-Thong Huynh Kim, Soo-Hyung Chonnam Natl Univ Dept Artificial Intelligence Convergence Gwangju South Korea

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Human emotions recognization contributes to the development of human-computer interaction. The machines understanding human emotions in the real world will significantly contribute to life in the future. This paper introduces the 3rd Affective Behavior Analysis in-the-wild (ABAW3) 2022 challenge. We focused on solving the problem of the Valence-Arousal (VA) estimation and Action Unit (AU) detection. For valence-arousal estimation, we conducted two stages: creating new features from multimodel and temporal learning to predict valence-arousal. First, we make new features;the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Transformer are combined using a Regular Networks (RegNet) feature, which is extracted from the image. The next step is the GRU combined with local attention to predict valence-arousal. The Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) was used to evaluate the model. The result achieved 0.450 for valence and 0.445 for arousal on the test set, outperforming the baseline method with a corresponding CCC of 0.180 for valence and 0.170 for arousal. We also performed additional experiments on the action unit task with simple transformer blocks. We achieved a score of 49.04 on the test set in terms of F-1 score, which outperforms the baseline method with a corresponding F1 score of 36.50. Our submission to ABAW3 2022 ranks 3rd for both tasks.

关键词： Human computer interaction Sentiment analysis Gold Estimation Logic gates Feature extraction Transformers

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ABLE-NeRF: Attention-Based Rendering with Learnable Embeddings for Neural Radiance Field

ABLE-NeRF: Attention-Based Rendering with Learnable Embeddin...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Tang, Zhe Jun Cham, Tat-Jen Zhao, Haiyu Nanyang Technol Univ S Lab Singapore Singapore Nanyang Technol Univ Singapore Singapore SenseTime Res Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) is a popular method in representing 3D scenes by optimising a continuous volumetric scene function. Its large success which lies in applying volumetric rendering (VR) is also its Achilles' heel in producing view-dependent effects. As a consequence, glossy and transparent surfaces often appear murky. A remedy to reduce these artefacts is to constrain this VR equation by excluding volumes with back-facing normal. While this approach has some success in rendering glossy surfaces, translucent objects are still poorly represented. In this paper, we present an alternative to the physics-based VR approach by introducing a self-attention-based framework on volumes along a ray. In addition, inspired by modern game engines which utilise Light Probes to store local lighting passing through the scene, we incorporate Learnable Embeddings to capture view dependent effects within the scene. Our method, which we call ABLE-NeRF, significantly reduces 'blurry' glossy surfaces in rendering and produces realistic translucent surfaces which lack in prior art. In the Blender dataset, ABLE-NeRF achieves SOTA results and surpasses Ref-NeRF in all 3 image quality metrics PSNR, SSIM, LPIPS.

关键词： vision + graphics

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Equivalent Transformation and Dual Stream Network Construction for Mobile Image Super-Resolution

Equivalent Transformation and Dual Stream Network Constructi...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Chao, Jiahao Zhou, Zhou Gao, Hongfan Gong, Jiali Yang, Zhengfeng Zeng, Zhenbing Dehbi, Lydia East China Normal Univ Shanghai Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Chengdu Inst Comp Applicat Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for real-time super-resolution networks on mobile devices. To address this issue, many lightweight super-resolution models have been proposed. However, these models still contain time-consuming components that increase inference latency, limiting their real-world applications on mobile devices. In this paper, we propose a novel model for single-image super-resolution based on Equivalent Transformation and Dual Stream network construction (ETDS). ET method is proposed to transform time-consuming operators into time-friendly operations, such as convolution and ReLU, on mobile devices. Then, a dual stream network is designed to alleviate redundant parameters resulting from the use of ET and enhance the feature extraction ability. Taking full advantage of the advance of ET and the dual stream network structure, we develop the efficient SR model ETDS for mobile devices. The experimental results demonstrate that our ETDS achieves superior inference speed and reconstruction quality compared to previous lightweight SR methods on mobile devices. The code is available at https://***/ECNUSR/ETDS.

关键词： Low-level vision

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Is BERT Blind? Exploring the Effect of vision-and-Language Pretraining on Visual Language Understanding

Is BERT Blind? Exploring the Effect of Vision-and-Language P...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Alper, Morris Fiman, Michael Averbuch-Elor, Hadar Tel Aviv Univ Tel Aviv Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Most humans use visual imagination to understand and reason about language, but models such as BERT reason about language using knowledge acquired during text-only pretraining. In this work, we investigate whether vision-and-language pretraining can improve performance on text-only tasks that involve implicit visual reasoning, focusing primarily on zero-shot probing methods. We propose a suite of visual language understanding (VLU) tasks for probing the visual reasoning abilities of text encoder models, as well as various non-visual natural language understanding (NLU) tasks for comparison. We also contribute a novel zero-shot knowledge probing method, Stroop probing, for applying models such as CLIP to text-only tasks without needing a prediction head such as the masked language modelling head of models like BERT. We show that SOTA multimodally trained text encoders outperform unimodally trained text encoders on the VLU tasks while being under-performed by them on the NLU tasks, lending new context to previously mixed results regarding the NLU capabilities of multimodal models. We conclude that exposure to images during pretraining affords inherent visual reasoning knowledge that is reflected in language-only tasks that require implicit visual reasoning. Our findings bear importance in the broader context of multimodal learning, providing principled guidelines for the choice of text encoders used in such contexts.

关键词： and reasoning language vision

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DEGPR: Deep Guided Posterior Regularization for Multi-Class Cell Detection and Counting

DEGPR: Deep Guided Posterior Regularization for Multi-Class ...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Tyagi, Aayush Kumar Mohapatra, Chirag Das, Prasenjit Makharia, Govind Mehra, Lalita Prathosh, A. P. Mausam IIT Delhi New Delhi India IISc Bangalore Karnataka India AIIMS New Delhi India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Multi-class cell detection and counting is an essential task for many pathological diagnoses. Manual counting is tedious and often leads to inter-observer variations among pathologists. While there exist multiple, general-purpose, deep learning-based object detection and counting methods, they may not readily transfer to detecting and counting cells in medical images, due to the limited data, presence of tiny overlapping objects, multiple cell types, severe class-imbalance, minute differences in size/shape of cells, etc. In response, we propose guided posterior regularization (DEGPR), which assists an object detector by guiding it to exploit discriminative features among cells. The features may be pathologist-provided or inferred directly from visual data. We validate our model on two publicly available datasets (CoNSeP and MoNuSAC), and on MuCeD, a novel dataset that we contribute. MuCeD consists of 55 biopsy images of the human duodenum for predicting celiac disease. We perform extensive experimentation with three object detection baselines on three datasets to show that DEGPR is model-agnostic, and consistently improves baselines obtaining up to 9% (absolute) mAP gains.

关键词： cell microscopy Medical and biological vision

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