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Probing the 3D Awareness of Visual Foundation Models

Probing the 3D Awareness of Visual Foundation Models

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： El Banani, Mohamed Raj, Amit Maninis, Kevis-Kokitsi Kar, Abhishek Li, Yuanzhen Rubinstein, Michael Sun, Deqing Guibas, Leonidas Johnson, Justin Jampani, Varun Univ Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Google Mountain View CA 94043 USA Stability AI London ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Recent advances in large-scale pretraining have yielded visual foundation models with strong capabilities. Not only can recent models generalize to arbitrary images for their training task, their intermediate representations are useful for other visual tasks such as detection and segmentation. Given that such models can classify, delineate, and localize objects in 2D, we ask whether they also represent their 3D structure? In this work, we analyze the 3D awareness of visual foundation models. We posit that 3D awareness implies that representations (1) encode the 3D structure of the scene and (2) consistently represent the surface across views. We conduct a series of experiments using task-specific probes and zero-shot inference procedures on frozen features. Our experiments reveal several limitations of the current models. Our code and analysis can be found at https://***/mbanani/probe3d.

关键词： 3D Awareness 3D vision Foundation Models Representation Learning

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Know Your Neighbors: Improving Single-View Reconstruction via Spatial vision-Language Reasoning

Know Your Neighbors: Improving Single-View Reconstruction vi...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Li, Rui Fischer, Tobias Segu, Mattia Pollefeys, Marc Van Gool, Luc Tombari, Federico Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich Switzerland Google Mountain View CA 94043 USA Tech Univ Munich Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Recovering the 3D scene geometry from a single view is a fundamental yet ill-posed problem in computer vision. While classical depth estimation methods infer only a 2.5D scene representation limited to the image plane, recent approaches based on radiance fields reconstruct a full 3D representation. However, these methods still struggle with occluded regions since inferring geometry without visual observation requires (i) semantic knowledge of the surroundings, and (ii) reasoning about spatial context. We propose KYN, a novel method for single-view scene reconstruction that reasons about semantic and spatial context to predict each point's density. We introduce a vision-language modulation module to enrich point features with fine-grained semantic information. We aggregate point representations across the scene through a language-guided spatial attention mechanism to yield per-point density predictions aware of the 3D semantic context. We show that KYN improves 3D shape recovery compared to predicting density for each 3D point in isolation. We achieve state-of-the-art results in scene and object reconstruction on KITTI-360, and show improved zero-shot generalization compared to prior work. Project page: https://***/kyn.

关键词： radiance field spatial attention spatial context vision-language model

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GRAM: Global Reasoning for Multi-Page VQA

GRAM: Global Reasoning for Multi-Page VQA

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Blau, Tsachi Fogel, Sharon Ronen, Roi Goltst, Alona Per, Shahar Tsi Ben Avraham, Elad Aberdam, Aviad Ganz, Roy Litman, Ron Technion Haifa Israel AWS AI Labs Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

The increasing use of transformer-based large language models brings forward the challenge of processing long sequences. In document visual question answering (DocVQA), leading methods focus on the single-page setting, while documents can span hundreds of pages. We present GRAM, a method that seamlessly extends pre-trained single-page models to the multi-page setting, without requiring computationally-heavy pretraining. To do so, we leverage a single-page encoder for local page-level understanding, and enhance it with document-level designated layers and learnable tokens, facilitating the flow of information across pages for global reasoning. To enforce our model to utilize the newly introduced document tokens, we propose a tailored bias adaptation method. For additional computational savings during decoding, we introduce an optional compression stage using our compression-transformer(C-Former), reducing the encoded sequence length, thereby allowing a tradeoff between quality and latency. Extensive experiments showcase GRAM's state-of-the-art performance on the benchmarks for multi-page DocVQA, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach.

关键词： Document Understanding Long Sequence Processing vision Language Models

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Situational Awareness Matters in 3D vision Language Reasoning

Situational Awareness Matters in 3D Vision Language Reasonin...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Man, Yunze Gui, Liang-Yan Wang, Yu-Xiong Univ Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Being able to carry out complicated vision language reasoning tasks in 3D space represents a significant milestone in developing household robots and human-centered embodied AI. In this work, we demonstrate that a critical and distinct challenge in 3D vision language reasoning is the situational awareness, which incorporates two key components: (1) The autonomous agent grounds its self-location based on a language prompt. (2) The agent answers open-ended questions from the perspective of its calculated position. To address this challenge, we introduce SIG3D, an end-to-end Situation-Grounded model for 3D vision language reasoning. We tokenize the 3D scene into sparse voxel representation, and propose a language-grounded situation estimator, followed by a situated question answering module. Experiments on the SQA3D and ScanQA datasets show that SIG3D outperforms state-of-the-art models in situational estimation and question answering by a large margin (e.g., an enhancement of over 30% on situation accuracy). Subsequent analysis corroborates our architectural design choices, explores the distinct functions of visual and textual tokens, and highlights the importance of situational awareness in the domain of 3D question-answering. Project page is available at https://***/situation3d.

关键词： vision-Language Multi-modal 3D Reasoning

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Persistent-Transient Duality in Human Behavior Modeling

Persistent-Transient Duality in Human Behavior Modeling

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Hung Tran Vuong Le Venkatesh, Svetha Truyen Tran Deakin Univ Appl AI Inst Geelong Vic Australia

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

We propose to model the persistent-transient duality in human behavior using a parent-child multi-channel neural network, which features a parent persistent channel that manages the global dynamics and children transient channels that are initiated and terminated on-demand to handle detailed interactive actions. The short-lived transient sessions are managed by a proposed Transient Switch. The neural framework is trained to discover the structure of the duality automatically. Our model shows superior performances in human-object interaction motion prediction.

关键词： computer vision Computational modeling conferences Dynamics Neural networks Switches Predictive models

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Low-Resource vision Challenges for Foundation Models

Low-Resource Vision Challenges for Foundation Models

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Zhang, Yunhua Doughty, Hazel Snoek, Cees G. M. Univ Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Leiden Univ Leiden Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Low-resource settings are well-established in natural language processing, where many languages lack sufficient data for deep learning at scale. However, low-resource problems are under-explored in computer vision. In this paper, we address this gap and explore the challenges of low-resource image tasks with vision foundation models. We first collect a benchmark of genuinely low-resource image data, covering historic maps, circuit diagrams, and mechanical drawings. These low-resource settings all share three challenges: data scarcity, fine-grained differences, and the distribution shift from natural images to the specialized domain of interest. While existing foundation models have shown impressive generalizability, we find they cannot transfer well to our low-resource tasks. To begin to tackle the challenges of low-resource vision, we introduce one simple baseline per challenge. Specifically, we i) enlarge the data space by generative models, ii) adopt the best sub-kernels to encode local regions for fine-grained difference discovery and iii) learn attention for specialized domains. Experiments on our three low-resource tasks demonstrate our proposals already provide a better baseline than transfer learning, data augmentation, and fine-grained methods. This highlights the unique characteristics and challenges of low-resource vision for foundation models that warrant further investigation. Project page: https://***/Low-Resource-vision/.

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Not All Prompts Are Secure: A Switchable Backdoor Attack Against Pre-trained vision Transfomers

Not All Prompts Are Secure: A Switchable Backdoor Attack Aga...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Yang, Sheng Bai, Jiawang Gao, Kuofeng Yang, Yong Li, Yiming Xia, Shu-Tao Tsinghua Univ Beijing Peoples R China Tencent Secur Platform Dept Shenzhen Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Hangzhou Peoples R China Peng Cheng Lab Res Ctr Artificial Intelligence Shenzhen Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Given the power of vision transformers, a new learning paradigm, pretraining and then prompting, makes it more efficient and effective to address downstream visual recognition tasks. In this paper, we identify a novel security threat towards such a paradigm from the perspective of backdoor attacks. Specifically, an extra prompt token, called the switch token in this work, can turn the backdoor mode on, i.e., converting a benign model into a backdoored one. Once under the backdoor mode, a specific trigger can force the model to predict a target class. It poses a severe risk to the users of cloud API, since the malicious behavior can not be activated and detected under the benign mode, thus making the attack very stealthy. To attack a pretrained model, our proposed attack, named SWARM, learns a trigger and prompt tokens including a switch token. They are optimized with the clean loss which encourages the model always behaves normally even the trigger presents, and the backdoor loss that ensures the backdoor can be activated by the trigger when the switch is on. Besides, we utilize the crossmode feature distillation to reduce the effect of the switch token on clean samples. The experiments on diverse visual recognition tasks confirm the success of our switchable backdoor attack, i.e., achieving 95%+ attack success rate, and also being hard to be detected and removed. Our code is available at https://***/20000yshust/SWARM.

关键词： Backdoor computer vision Parameter-Efficient Fine Tuning Switchable vision Transformers Visual Prompting

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Eclipse: Disambiguating Illumination and Materials using Unintended Shadows

Eclipse: Disambiguating Illumination and Materials using Uni...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Verbin, Dor Mildenhall, Ben Hedman, Peter Barron, Jonathan T. Zickler, Todd Srinivasan, Pratul P. Google Res Mountain View CA 94043 USA Harvard Univ Cambridge MA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353013;9798350353006

Decomposing an object's appearance into representations of its materials and the surrounding illumination is difficult, even when the object's 3D shape is known beforehand. This problem is especially challenging for diffuse objects: it is ill-conditioned because diffuse materials severely blur incoming light, and it is ill-posed because diffuse materials under high-frequency lighting can be indistinguishable from shiny materials under low-frequency lighting. We show that it is possible to recover precise materials and illumination-even from diffuse objects-by exploiting unintended shadows, like the ones cast onto an object by the photographer who moves around it. These shadows are a nuisance in most previous inverse rendering pipelines, but here we exploit them as signals that improve conditioning and help resolve material-lighting ambiguities. We present a method based on differentiable Monte Carlo ray tracing that uses images of an object to jointly recover its spatiallyvarying materials, the surrounding illumination environment, and the shapes of the unseen light occluders who inadvertently cast shadows upon it.

关键词： computer Graphics Inverse Rendering Non-line-of-sight Imaging

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Convolutional Prompting meets Language Models for Continual Learning

Convolutional Prompting meets Language Models for Continual ...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Roy, Anurag Moulick, Riddhiman Verma, Vinay K. Ghosh, Saptarshi Das, Abir IIT Kharagpur Kharagpur W Bengal India IML Amazon India Hyderabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Continual Learning (CL) enables machine learning models to learn from continuously shifting new training data in absence of data from old tasks. Recently, pretrained vision transformers combined with prompt tuning have shown promise for overcoming catastrophic forgetting in CL. These approaches rely on a pool of learnable prompts which can be inefficient in sharing knowledge across tasks leading to inferior performance. In addition, the lack of fine-grained layer specific prompts does not allow these to fully express the strength of the prompts for CL. We address these limitations by proposing ConvPrompt, a novel convolutional prompt creation mechanism that maintains layer-wise shared embeddings, enabling both layer-specific learning and better concept transfer across tasks. The intelligent use of convolution enables us to maintain a low parameter overhead without compromising performance. We further leverage Large Language Models to generate fine-grained text descriptions of each category which are used to get task similarity and dynamically decide the number of prompts to be learned. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of ConvPrompt and improves SOTA by 3% with significantly less parameter overhead. We also perform strong ablation over various modules to disentangle the importance of different components.(1)

关键词： Continual Learning Language Models Prompt Tuning vision Transformer

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ICON: Incremental CONfidence for Joint Pose and Radiance Field Optimization

ICON: Incremental CONfidence for Joint Pose and Radiance Fie...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Wang, Weiyao Gleize, Pierre Tang, Hao Chen, Xingyu Liang, Kevin J. Feiszli, Matt Meta FAIR Menlo Pk CA 94025 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353013;9798350353006

Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) exhibit remarkable performance for Novel View Synthesis (NVS) given a set of 2D images. However, NeRF training requires accurate camera pose for each input view, typically obtained by Structure-from-Motion (SfM) pipelines. Recent works have attempted to relax this constraint, but they still often rely on decent initial poses which they can refine. Here we aim at removing the requirement for pose initialization. We present Incremental CONfidence (ICON), an optimization procedure for training NeRFs from 2D video frames. ICON only assumes smooth camera motion to estimate initial guess for poses. Further, ICON introduces "confidence": an adaptive measure of model quality used to dynamically reweight gradients. ICON relies on high-confidence poses to learn NeRF, and high-confidence 3D structure (as encoded by NeRF) to learn poses. We show that ICON, without prior pose initialization, achieves superior performance in both CO3D and HO3D versus methods which use SfM pose.

关键词： Three dimensional computer graphics

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