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NeRF in the Wild: Neural Radiance Fields for Unconstrained Photo Collections

NeRF in the Wild: Neural Radiance Fields for Unconstrained P...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Martin-Brualla, Ricardo Radwan, Noha Sajjadi, Mehdi S. M. Barron, Jonathan T. Dosovitskiy, Alexey Duckworth, Daniel Google Res Mountain View CA 94043 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665445092

We present a learning-based method for synthesizing novel views of complex scenes using only unstructured collections of in-the-wild photographs. We build on Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF), which uses the weights of a multi-layer perceptron to model the density and color of a scene as a function of 3D coordinates. While NeRF works well on images of static subjects captured under controlled settings, it is incapable of modeling many ubiquitous, real-world phenomena in uncontrolled images, such as variable illumination or transient occluders. We introduce a series of extensions to NeRF to address these issues, thereby enabling accurate reconstructions from unstructured image collections taken from the internet. We apply our system, dubbed NeRF-W, to internet photo collections of famous landmarks, and demonstrate temporally consistent novel view renderings that are significantly closer to photorealism than the prior state of the art.

关键词： Learning systems Solid modeling Photorealism Three-dimensional displays Image color analysis Lighting Rendering (computer graphics)

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Mask Guided Matting via Progressive Refinement Network

Mask Guided Matting via Progressive Refinement Network

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Yu, Qihang Zhang, Jianming Zhang, He Wang, Yilin Lin, Zhe Xu, Ning Bai, Yutong Yuille, Alan Johns Hopkins Univ Baltimore MD 21218 USA Adobe San Jose CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665445092

We propose Mask Guided (MG) Matting, a robust matting framework that takes a general coarse mask as guidance. MG Matting leverages a network (PRN) design which encourages the matting model to provide self-guidance to progressively refine the uncertain regions through the decoding process. A series of guidance mask perturbation operations are also introduced in the training to further enhance its robustness to external guidance. We show that PRN can generalize to unseen types of guidance masks such as trimap and low-quality alpha matte, making it suitable for various application pipelines. In addition, we revisit the foreground color prediction problem for matting and propose a surprisingly simple improvement to address the dataset issue. Evaluation on real and synthetic benchmarks shows that MG Matting achieves state-of-the-art performance using various types of guidance inputs.

关键词： Training Image segmentation Image color analysis Computational modeling Perturbation methods Pipelines Rendering (computer graphics)

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Visual Semantic Role Labeling for Video Understanding

Visual Semantic Role Labeling for Video Understanding

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Sadhu, Arka Gupta, Tanmay Yatskar, Mark Nevatia, Ram Kembhavi, Aniruddha Univ Southern Calif Los Angeles CA 90007 USA Univ Penn Philadelphia PA 19104 USA PRIOR Allen Inst AI Seattle WA USA PRIOR AI2 Seattle WA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665445092

We propose a new framework for understanding and representing related salient events in a video using visual semantic role labeling. We represent videos as a set of related events, wherein each event consists of a verb and multiple entities that fulfill various roles relevant to that event. To study the challenging task of semantic role labeling in videos or VidSRL, we introduce the VidSitu benchmark, a large scale video understanding data source with 29K 10-second movie clips richly annotated with a verb and semantic-roles every 2 seconds. Entities are co-referenced across events within a movie clip and events are connected to each other via event-event relations. Clips in VidSitu are drawn from a large collection of movies (similar to 3K) and have been chosen to be both complex (similar to 4.2 unique verbs within a video) as well as diverse (similar to 200 verbs have more than 100 annotations each). We provide a comprehensive analysis of the dataset in comparison to other publicly available video understanding benchmarks, several illustrative baselines and evaluate a range of standard video recognition models. Our code and dataset is available at ***.

关键词： Visualization computer vision Annotations Semantics Benchmark testing Motion pictures pattern recognition

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Disentangling Label Distribution for Long-tailed Visual recognition

Disentangling Label Distribution for Long-tailed Visual Reco...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Hong, Youngkyu Han, Seungju Choi, Kwanghee Seo, Seokjun Kim, Beomsu Chang, Buru Hyperconnect Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781665445092

The current evaluation protocol of long-tailed visual recognition trains the classification model on the long-tailed source label distribution and evaluates its performance on the uniform target label distribution. Such protocol has questionable practicality since the target may also be long-tailed. Therefore, we formulate long-tailed visual recognition as a label shift problem where the target and source label distributions are different. One of the significant hurdles in dealing with the label shift problem is the entanglement between the source label distribution and the model prediction. In this paper, we focus on disentangling the source label distribution from the model prediction. We first introduce a simple but overlooked baseline method that matches the target label distribution by post-processing the model prediction trained by the cross-entropy loss and the Softmax function. Although this method surpasses state-of-the-art methods on benchmark datasets, it can be further improved by directly disentangling the source label distribution from the model prediction in the training phase. Thus, we propose a novel method, LAbel distribution DisEntangling (LADE) loss based on the optimal bound of Donsker-Varadhan representation. LADE achieves state-of-the-art performance on benchmark datasets such as CIFAR-100-LL Places-LT ImageNet-LL and iNaturalist 2018. Moreover LADE outperforms existing methods on various shifted target label distributions, showing the general adaptability of our proposed method.

关键词： Training Visualization computer vision Protocols Target recognition Object detection Predictive models

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Counterfactual VQA: A Cause-Effect Look at Language Bias

Counterfactual VQA: A Cause-Effect Look at Language Bias

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Niu, Yulei Tang, Kaihua Zhang, Hanwang Lu, Zhiwu Hua, Xian-Sheng Wen, Ji-Rong Nanyang Technol Univ Singapore Singapore Renmin Univ China Gaoling Sch Artificial Intelligence Beijing Peoples R China Beijing Key Lab Big Data Management & Anal Method Beijing Peoples R China Alibaba Grp Damo Acad Hangzhou Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665445092

VQA models may tend to rely on language bias as a shortcut and thus fail to sufficiently learn the multi-modal knowledge from both vision and language. Recent debiasing methods proposed to exclude the language prior during inference. However, they fail to disentangle the "good" language context and "bad" language bias from the whole. In this paper, we investigate how to mitigate language bias in VQA. Motivated by causal effects, we proposed a novel counterfactual inference framework, which enables us to capture the language bias as the direct causal effect of questions on answers and reduce the language bias by subtracting the direct language effect from the total causal effect. Experiments demonstrate that our proposed counterfactual inference framework 1) is general to various VQA backbones and fusion strategies, 2) achieves competitive performance on the language-bias sensitive VQA-CP dataset while performs robustly on the balanced VQA v2 dataset without any augmented data.

关键词： computer vision Codes Linguistics Robustness Cognition pattern recognition

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Self-supervised Motion Learning from Static Images

Self-supervised Motion Learning from Static Images

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Huang, Ziyuan Zhang, Shiwei Jiang, Jianwen Tang, Mingqian Jin, Rong Ang, Marcelo H., Jr. Natl Univ Singapore Singapore Singapore Alibaba Grp Hangzhou Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665445092

Motions are reflected in videos as the movement of pixels, and actions are essentially patterns of inconsistent motions between the foreground and the background. To well distinguish the actions, especially those with complicated spatio-temporal interactions, correctly locating the prominent motion areas is of crucial importance. However, most motion information in existing videos are difficult to label and training a model with good motion representations with supervision will thus require a large amount of human labour for annotation. In this paper, we address this problem by self-supervised learning. Specifically, we propose to learn Motion from Static Images (MoSI). The model learns to encode motion information by classifying pseudo motions generated by MoSI. We furthermore introduce a static mask in pseudo motions to create local motion patterns, which forces the model to additionally locate notable motion areas for the correct classification. We demonstrate that MoSI can discover regions with large motion even without fine-tuning on the downstream datasets. As a result, the learned motion representations boost the performance of tasks requiring understanding of complex scenes and motions, i.e., action recognition. Extensive experiments show the consistent and transferable improvements achieved by MoSI. Codes will be soon released.

关键词： Training computer vision Codes Annotations pattern recognition Task analysis Videos

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Weakly-Supervised Physically Unconstrained Gaze Estimation

Weakly-Supervised Physically Unconstrained Gaze Estimation

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Kothari, Rakshit De Mello, Shalini Iqbal, Umar Byeon, Wonmin Park, Seonwook Kautz, Jan NVIDIA Santa Clara CA 95051 USA Rochester Inst Technol Rochester NY 14623 USA Lunit Inc Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781665445092

A major challenge for physically unconstrained gaze estimation is acquiring training data with 3D gaze annotations for in-the-wild and outdoor scenarios. In contrast, videos of human interactions in unconstrained environments are abundantly available and can be much more easily annotated with frame-level activity labels. In this work, we tackle the previously unexplored problem of weakly-supervised gaze estimation from videos of human interactions. We leverage the insight that strong gaze-related geometric constraints exist when people perform the activity of "looking at each other" (LAEO). To acquire viable 3D gaze supervision from LAEO labels, we propose a training algorithm along with several novel loss functions especially designed for the task. With weak supervision from two large scale CMU-Panoptic and AVA-LAEO activity datasets, we show significant improvements in (a) the accuracy of semisupervised gaze estimation and (b) cross-domain generalization on the state-of-the-art physically unconstrained in-the-wild Gaze360 gaze estimation benchmark.

关键词： Training Geometry Three-dimensional displays Annotations Estimation Training data pattern recognition

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Self-supervised Video Representation Learning by Context and Motion Decoupling

Self-supervised Video Representation Learning by Context and...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Huang, Lianghua Liu, Yu Wang, Bin Pan, Pan Xu, Yinghui Jin, Rong Alibaba Grp Machine Intelligence Technol Lab Hangzhou Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665445092

A key challenge in self-supervised video representation learning is how to effectively capture motion information besides context bias. While most existing works implicitly achieve this with video-specific pretext tasks (e.g., predicting clip orders, time arrows, and paces), we develop a method that explicitly decouples motion supervision from context bias through a carefully designed pretext task. Specifically, we take the key frames and motion vectors in compressed videos (e.g., in H.264 format) as the supervision sources for context and motion, respectively, which can be efficiently extracted at over 500 fps on CPU. Then we design two pretext tasks that are jointly optimized: a context matching task where a pairwise contrastive loss is cast between video clip and key frame features;and a motion prediction task where clip features, passed through an encoderdecoder network, are used to estimate motion features in a near future. These two tasks use a shared video backbone and separate MLP heads. Experiments show that our approach improves the quality of the learned video representation over previous works, where we obtain absolute gains of 16.0% and 11.1% in video retrieval recall on UCF101 and HMDB51, respectively. Moreover, we find the motion prediction to be a strong regularization for video networks, where using it as an auxiliary task improves the accuracy of action recognition with a margin of 7.4% similar to 13.8%.

关键词： computer vision Feature extraction pattern recognition Task analysis

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Representing Videos as Discriminative Sub-graphs for Action recognition

Representing Videos as Discriminative Sub-graphs for Action ...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Li, Dong Qiu, Zhaofan Pan, Yingwei Yao, Ting Li, Houqiang Mei, Tao Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei Peoples R China JD AI Res Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665445092

Human actions are typically of combinatorial structures or patterns, i.e., subjects, objects, plus spatio-temporal interactions in between. Discovering such structures is therefore a rewarding way to reason about the dynamics of interactions and recognize the actions. In this paper, we introduce a new design of sub-graphs to represent and encode the discriminative patterns of each action in the videos. Specifically, we present MUlti-scale Sub-graph LEarning (MUSLE) framework that novelly builds space-time graphs and clusters the graphs into compact sub-graphs on each scale with respect to the number of nodes. Technically, MUSLE produces 3D bounding boxes, i.e., tubelets, in each video clip, as graph nodes and takes dense connectivity as graph edges between tubelets. For each action category, we execute online clustering to decompose the graph into sub-graphs on each scale through learning Gaussian Mixture Layer and select the discriminative sub-graphs as action prototypes for recognition. Extensive experiments are conducted on both Something-Something V1 & V2 and Kinetics-400 datasets, and superior results are reported when comparing to state-of-the-art methods. More remarkably, our MUSLE achieves to-date the best reported accuracy of 65.0% on Something-Something V2 validation set.

关键词： computer vision Three-dimensional displays Prototypes pattern recognition Complexity theory Proposals Kernel

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Spherical Confidence Learning for Face recognition

Spherical Confidence Learning for Face Recognition

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Li, Shen Xu, Jianqing Xu, Xiaqing Shen, Pengcheng Li, Shaoxin Hooi, Bryan Natl Univ Singapore Inst Data Sci Singapore Singapore Tencent Youtu Lab Shenzhen Peoples R China Aibee Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665445092

An emerging line of research has found that spherical spaces better match the underlying geometry of facial images, as evidenced by the state-of-the-art facial recognition methods which benefit empirically from spherical representations. Yet, these approaches rely on deterministic embeddings and hence suffer from the feature ambiguity dilemma, whereby ambiguous or noisy images are mapped into poorly learned regions of representation space, leading to inaccuracies. Probabilistic Face Embeddings (PFE) [17] is the first attempt to address this dilemma. However, we theoretically and empirically identify two main failures of PFE when it is applied to spherical deterministic embeddings aforementioned. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose a novel framework for face confidence learning in spherical space. Mathematically, we extend the von Mises Fisher density to its r-radius counterpart and derive a new optimization objective in closed form. Theoretically, the proposed probabilistic framework provably allows for better interpretability, leading to principled feature comparison and pooling. Extensive experimental results on multiple challenging benchmarks confirm our hypothesis and theory, and showcase the advantages of our framework over prior probabilistic methods and spherical deterministic embeddings in various face recognition tasks.

关键词： Geometry computer vision Face recognition Benchmark testing Probabilistic logic Noise measurement Task analysis

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