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MetaMax: Improved Open-Set Deep Neural Networks via Weibull Calibration

MetaMax: Improved Open-Set Deep Neural Networks via Weibull ...

引用

23rd ieee/CVF Winter conference on Applications of computer vision (WACV)

作者： Lyu, Zongyao Gutierrez, Nolan B. Beksi, William J. Univ Texas Arlington Arlington TX 76019 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350320565

Open-set recognition refers to the problem in which classes that were not seen during training appear at inference time. This requires the ability to identify instances of novel classes while maintaining discriminative capability for closed-set classification. OpenMax was the first deep neural network-based approach to address open-set recognition by calibrating the predictive scores of a standard closed-set classification network. In this paper we present MetaMax, a more effective post-processing technique that improves upon contemporary methods by directly modeling class activation vectors. MetaMax removes the need for computing class mean activation vectors (MAVs) and distances between a query image and a class MAV as required in OpenMax. Experimental results show that MetaMax outperforms OpenMax and is comparable in performance to other state-of-the-art approaches.

关键词： Training Deep learning computer vision conferences Computational modeling Neural networks Calibration

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Contrastive Learning for Depth Prediction

Contrastive Learning for Depth Prediction

引用

2023 ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, CVPRW 2023

作者： Fan, Rizhao Poggi, Matteo Mattoccia, Stefano University of Bologna Department of Computer Science and Engineering Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302493

Depth prediction is at the core of several computer vision applications, such as autonomous driving and robotics. It is often formulated as a regression task in which depth values are estimated through network layers. Unfortunately, the distribution of values on depth maps is seldom explored. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel framework combining contrastive learning and depth prediction, allowing us to pay more attention to depth distribution and consequently enabling improvements to the overall estimation process. Purposely, we propose a window-based contrastive learning module, which partitions the feature maps into non-overlapping windows and constructs contrastive loss within each one. Forming and sorting positive and negative pairs, then enlarging the gap between the two in the representation space, constraints depth distribution to fit the feature of the depth map. Experiments on KITTI and NYU datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： Forecasting

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SOK-Bench: A Situated Video Reasoning Benchmark with Aligned Open-World Knowledge

SOK-Bench: A Situated Video Reasoning Benchmark with Aligned...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Wang, Andong Wu, Bo Chen, Sunli Chen, Zhenfang Guan, Haotian Lee, Wei-Ning Li, Li Erran Gan, Chuang Univ Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China MIT IBM Watson AI Lab Cambridge MA USA Tsinghua Univ Beijing Peoples R China AWS AI Seattle WA USA UMass Amherst Amherst MA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Learning commonsense reasoning from visual contexts and scenes in real-world is a crucial step toward advanced artificial intelligence. However, existing video reasoning benchmarks are still inadequate since they were mainly designed for factual or situated reasoning and rarely involve broader knowledge in the real world. Our work aims to delve deeper into reasoning evaluations, specifically within dynamic, open-world, and structured context knowledge. We propose a new benchmark (SOK-Bench), consisting of 44K questions and 10K situations with instance-level annotations depicted in the videos. The reasoning process is required to understand and apply situated knowledge and general knowledge for problem-solving. To create such a dataset, we propose an automatic and scalable generation method to generate question-answer pairs, knowledge graphs, and rationales by instructing the combina-tions of LLMs and MLLMs. Concretely, we first extract observable situated entities, relations, and processes from videos for situated knowledge and then extend to open-world knowledge beyond the visible content. The task generation is facilitated through multiple dialogues as iterations and subsequently corrected and refined by our designed self-promptings and demonstrations. With a corpus of both explicit situated facts and implicit commonsense, we generate associated question-answer pairs and reasoning processes, finally followed by manual reviews for quality assurance. We evaluated recent mainstream large vision-language models on the benchmark and found several insightful conclusions. For more information, please refer to our benchmark at ***/SOKBench.

关键词： benchmark commonsense reasoning video understanding vision language foundation models visual reasoning

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The Role of Shape for Domain Generalization on Sparsely-Textured Images

The Role of Shape for Domain Generalization on Sparsely-Text...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Nazari, Narges Honarvar Kovashka, Adriana Univ Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

State-of-the-art object recognition methods do not generalize well to unseen domains. Work in domain generalization has attempted to bridge domains by increasing feature compatibility, but has focused on standard, appearance-based representations. We show the potential of shape-based representations to increase domain robustness. We compare two types of shape-based representations: one trains a convolutional network over edge features, and another computes a soft, dense medial axis transform. We show the complementary strengths of these representations for different types of domains, and the effect of the amount of texture that is preserved. We show that our shape-based techniques better leverage data augmentations for domain generalization, and are more effective at texture bias mitigation than shape-inducing augmentations. Finally, we show that when the convolutional network in state-of-the-art domain generalization methods is replaced with one that explicitly captures shape, we obtain improved results.

关键词： Bridges computer vision Shape conferences Transforms Robustness pattern recognition

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NTIRE 2022 Challenge on Learning the Super-Resolution Space

NTIRE 2022 Challenge on Learning the Super-Resolution Space

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Lugmayr, Andreas Danelljan, Martin Timofte, Radu Kim, Kang-wook Kim, Younggeun Lee, Jae-young Li, Zechao Pan, Jinshan Shim, Dongseok Song, Ki-Ung Tang, Jinhui Wang, Cong Zhao, Zhihao Swiss Fed Inst Technol Comp Vis Lab Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

This paper reviews the NTIRE 2022 challenge on learning the super-Resolution space. This challenge aims to raise awareness that the super-resolution problem is ill-posed. Since many high-resolution images map to the same low-resolution image, we asked the participants to create methods that sample diverse super-resolution from the space of possible high-resolution images given a low-resolution image. For evaluation, we use the same protocol as introduced in the last year's super-resolution space challenge of NTIRE 2021. We compare the submissions of the participating teams and relate them to the approaches from last year. This challenge contains two tracks: 4x and 8x scale factor. In total, 3 teams competed in the final testing phase.

关键词： computer vision Protocols conferences Superresolution pattern recognition Testing

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An Effective Temporal Localization Method with Multi-View 3D Action recognition for Untrimmed Naturalistic Driving Videos

An Effective Temporal Localization Method with Multi-View 3D...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Manh Tung Tran Minh Quan Vu Ngoc Duong Hoang Khac-Hoai Nam Bui Viettel Grp Viettel Cyperspace Ctr Hanoi Vietnam

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Naturalistic driving studies with computer vision techniques have become an emergent research issue. The objective is to classify the distracted behavior actions by drivers. Specifically, this issue is regarded as temporal action localization (TAL) of untrimmed videos, which is a challenging task in the research field of video analysis. Particularly, TAL remains as one of the most challenging unsolved problems in computer vision that requires not only the recognition of action but the localization of the start and end times of each action. Most state-of-the-art approaches adopt complex architectures, which are expensive training and inefficient inference time. In this study, we propose a new framework for untrimmed naturalistic driving videos by utilizing the results from 3D action recognition with video clip classification for short temporal and spatial correlation. Then, simple post-processing based on data-driven is presented for long temporal correlation in untrimmed videos. The proposed method is evaluated on the AI City Challenge 2022 dataset for Naturalistic Driving Action recognition. Accordingly, our method achieves the top 1 on the public leaderboard of the challenge.

关键词： Location awareness Training computer vision Solid modeling Correlation Urban areas X3D

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Modality-agnostic Domain Generalizable Medical Image Segmentation by Multi-Frequency in Multi-Scale Attention

Modality-agnostic Domain Generalizable Medical Image Segment...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Nam, Ju-Hyeon Lee, Sang-Chul Syazwanyl, Nur Suriza Kim, Su Jung Inha Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Incheon South Korea DeepCardio Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Generalizability in deep neural networks plays a pivotal role in medical image segmentation. However, deep learning-based medical image analyses tend to overlook the importance of frequency variance, which is critical element for achieving a model that is both modality-agnostic and domain-generalizable. Additionally, various models fail to account for the potential information loss that can arise from multi-task learning under deep supervision, a factor that can impair the model's representation ability. To address these challenges, we propose a Modality-agnostic Domain Generalizable Network (MADGNet) for medical image segmentation, which comprises two key components: a Multi-Frequency in Multi-Scale Attention (MFMSA) block and Ensemble Sub-Decoding Module (E-SDM). The MFMSA block refines the process of spatial feature extraction, particularly in capturing boundary features, by incorporating multi-frequency and multi-scale features, thereby offering informative cues for tissue outline and anatomical structures. Moreover, we propose E-SDM to mitigate information loss in multi-task learning with deep supervision, especially during substantial upsampling from low resolution. We evaluate the segmentation performance of MADGNet across six modalities and fifteen datasets. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that MADGNet consistently outperforms state-of-the-art models across various modalities, showcasing superior segmentation performance. This affirms MADGNet as a robust solution for medical image segmentation that excels in diverse imaging scenarios. Our MADGNet code is available in GitHub Link.

关键词： computer vision Image Segmentation Medical Image Analysis

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Harnessing Large Language Models for Training-free Video Anomaly Detection

Harnessing Large Language Models for Training-free Video Ano...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Zanella, Luca Menapace, Willi Mancini, Massimiliano Wang, Yiming Ricci, Elisa Univ Trento Trenton NJ 38122 USA Fdn Bruno Kessler Trenton NJ USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Video anomaly detection (VAD) aims to temporally locate abnormal events in a video. Existing works mostly rely on training deep models to learn the distribution of normality with either video-level supervision, one-class supervision, or in an unsupervised setting. Training-based methods are prone to be domain-specific, thus being costly for practical deployment as any domain change will involve data collection and model training. In this paper, we radically depart from previous efforts and propose LAnguage-based VAD (LAVAD), a method tackling VAD in a novel, training-free paradigm, exploiting the capabilities of pre-trained large language models (LLMs) and existing vision-language models (VLMs). We leverage VLM-based captioning models to generate textual descriptions for each frame of any test video. With the textual scene description, we then devise a prompting mechanism to unlock the capability of LLMs in terms of temporal aggregation and anomaly score estimation, turning LLMs into an effective video anomaly detector. We further leverage modality-aligned VLMs and propose effective techniques based on cross-modal similarity for cleaning noisy captions and refining the LLM-based anomaly scores. We evaluate LAVAD on two large datasets featuring real-world surveillance scenarios (UCF-Crime and XD-Violence), showing that it outperforms both unsupervised and one-class methods without requiring any training or data collection.

关键词： large language models video anomaly detection vision-language models

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Low-Rank Rescaled vision Transformer Fine-Tuning: A Residual Design Approach

Low-Rank Rescaled Vision Transformer Fine-Tuning: A Residual...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Dong, Wei Zhang, Xing Chen, Bihui Yang, Dawei Lin, Zhijun Yang, Qingsen Wang, Peng Yang, Yang Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Comp Sci & Engn Chengdu Sichuan Peoples R China Xian Univ Architecture & Technol Coll Informat & Control Engn Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China Northwestern Polytech Univ Sch Comp Sci Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning for pre-trained vision Transformers aims to adeptly tailor a model to downstream tasks by learning a minimal set of new adaptation parameters while preserving the frozen majority of pre-trained parameters. Striking a balance between retaining the generalizable representation capacity of the pre-trained model and acquiring task-specific features poses a key challenge. Currently, there is a lack of focus on guiding this delicate trade-off. In this study, we approach the problem from the perspective of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of pre-trained parameter matrices, providing insights into the tuning dynamics of existing methods. Building upon this understanding, we propose a Residual-based Low-Rank Rescaling (RLRR) fine-tuning strategy. This strategy not only enhances flexibility in parameter tuning but also ensures that new parameters do not deviate excessively from the pre-trained model through a residual design. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves competitive performance across various downstream image classification tasks, all while maintaining comparable new parameters. We believe this work takes a step forward in offering a unified perspective for interpreting existing methods and serves as motivation for the development of new approaches that move closer to effectively considering the crucial trade-off mentioned above. Our code is available at https://***/zstarN70/***.

关键词： Low-Rank Adaptation Parameter-efficient fine-tuning Singular Value Decomposition

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Live Demonstration: PINK: Polarity-based Anti-flicker for Event Cameras

Live Demonstration: PINK: Polarity-based Anti-flicker for Ev...

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2023 ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, CVPRW 2023

作者： Im, Gyubeom Park, Keunjoo Kim, Junseok Son, Bongki Shin, Seungchul Lee, Haechang Samsung Electronics 1-1 Samsungjeonja-ro Hwaseong-Si Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302493

Dynamic vision Sensor (DVS) is an event sensor that asynchronously captures an event whenever there is a brightness change in the scene. However, due to the event sensor's high temporal resolution property, it is particularly vulnerable to flicker. Numerous unwanted events caused by flickering can cause serious loads on computing power and prevent the event sensor from extracting useful information, making it difficult to use the event sensor for machine vision applications in practice. In this demo, we propose the PINK (PolarIty-based aNti-flicKer), which filters flicker based on the event polarity (on/off). The proposed method is lightweight and efficient and can be used in real time. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first anti-flicker algorithm that works in real time and provides a usable opticalflow result for machine vision applications in an extreme flicker environment. A video showing the example of live demo is available online at https://***/5UdU0PLZaf8. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： computer vision

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