The author expands on the ideas of H. A. Simon (1982) in the context of broad social consequences of apparently rational actions as they are influenced by artificial intelligence (AI-oriented) decision processes. He a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0818620595
The author expands on the ideas of H. A. Simon (1982) in the context of broad social consequences of apparently rational actions as they are influenced by artificial intelligence (AI-oriented) decision processes. He attempts to illustrate four themes: (1) that AI can provide logical methodologies for analyzing, understanding, and providing bases from which to attack the statistical uncertainties and entropic action behaviors necessarily included in intelligent social control processes;(2) that it can be understood and applied by those who are responsible for using such devices and controls;(3) that it requires studying and dealing with strategic alternatives within which many continually active tactical decisions must be included;and (4) that the domain knowledge of experts (who often do not agree) must be captured for any rational decision-making models to be able to bound what might otherwise be social chaos.
The Advanced Automation Methodology Project (AAMP), currently underway at NASA's Johnson Space Center, is described. The AAMP will develop two independent knowledge-based system applications, identify system featu...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0818620595
The Advanced Automation Methodology Project (AAMP), currently underway at NASA's Johnson Space Center, is described. The AAMP will develop two independent knowledge-based system applications, identify system features required to incorporate artificial intelligence upgrades to several US Space Station Freedom systems in the future, and produce an engineering methodology for artificial intelligence system development in the Space Station Freedom program. The AAMP is composed of four teams: the management team, two development teams, and an independent test and verification team. By distributing project management responsibilities among the various management team members, the AAMP has realized several benefits. First, the diverse opinions and experience of the team often help focus management attention on the project's most critical areas. Second, this distributed approach allows team members to participate in the AAMP without having to dedicate full time to the project. Finally, by distributing management responsibilities, the AAMP has capitalized on each member's expertise.
Managers of 36 Japanese corporate AI (artificial intelligence) programs were interviewed about differences they observed between corporate AI programs in Japan and such programs in the USA. Later, a smaller group of t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0818620595
Managers of 36 Japanese corporate AI (artificial intelligence) programs were interviewed about differences they observed between corporate AI programs in Japan and such programs in the USA. Later, a smaller group of the same subjects was presented with the results from the first survey and asked to make sense of them. The results indicate that greater AI impact on business is going on in Japan due to AI being 'inserted' into business processes that are more self-consciously modeled in Japan than in the USA. The quality framework and process control framework in Japan are creating new forms of AI, from fuzzy reasoning VLSI chips to AI simulators of quality business processes as translations of customer needs. The survey showed a split between first generation AI in Japan that imitated Lisp and Prolog work in the US and second generation AI that downsizes AI. An interesting social spin-off from AI--social connectionism--as an image of Japanese work organizations was also uncovered.
The author reports on the results of a study performed by a team from RAND Corp. and the 7th Communications Group (USAF) for the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Production and Logistics, published as ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0818620595
The author reports on the results of a study performed by a team from RAND Corp. and the 7th Communications Group (USAF) for the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Production and Logistics, published as The Guide for the Management of expertsystems Development, R-3766-P&L, and Additional Appendixes, N-2970-P&L by Iris Kameny, Umar Khan, Jody Paul, and David Taylor. The study guides managers and technicians seeking expertsystems (ES) solutions. It is noted that, as ES developments are software engineering efforts, the lessons learned building software over the past decades still apply. DoD software engineering and life-cycle policies can be applied to ES developments. The practical methodology elaborated in the study maps the rapid prototyping paradigm to DoD standards using the spiral model and risk containment strategies as described by B. W. Boehm. Furthermore, software life-cycle management and documentation standards reflect a hardware bias which also affects conventional software developments. Other peculiarities of ES developments are not totally unique to expertsystems, either. Modern conventional software developments are experiencing many of the same problems. Hence, it is concluded that the standards and acquisition practices of yesterday need to evolve to accommodate the nature of software development in the 1990s and beyond.
The Log Quality Monitoring system (LQMS) is a medium-sized knowledge-based system that was developed to address the problem of providing real-time assistance to the wireline field engineer. The authors discuss the mot...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0818620595
The Log Quality Monitoring system (LQMS) is a medium-sized knowledge-based system that was developed to address the problem of providing real-time assistance to the wireline field engineer. The authors discuss the motivation for the project, review the major decisions that were made, detail how they affected the direction of the project, and identify the basic lessons that were learned. The research version of LQMS was developed at Schlumberger-Doll Research over a period of about three and a half years. The project successfully dealt with several thorny issues in the development of knowledge-based systems: multiple domain experts, real time constraints, embedded environment, coordination and communication of multiple knowledge sources, and technology transfer. The project evolved from an exploratory, rapid prototyping style of development to a more traditional specify/design/implement/test methodology. Much of this evolution was driven by the field testing and technology transfer requirements of the later stages of the project.
Managers of expertsystemprojects are likely to face three major challenges: uncertainty over the project scope, lack of sponsor commitment, and limitations of available resources. These issues are discussed and sugg...
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Managers of expertsystemprojects are likely to face three major challenges: uncertainty over the project scope, lack of sponsor commitment, and limitations of available resources. These issues are discussed and suggestions are offered for minimizing their impact.< >
The author addresses how a natural language interface might be written entirely within IBM's expertsystem Environment Shell (ESE). The interface is designed around the help desk application, a diagnostic knowledg...
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The author addresses how a natural language interface might be written entirely within IBM's expertsystem Environment Shell (ESE). The interface is designed around the help desk application, a diagnostic knowledge base. The implementation uses techniques called FASTPATH, INHERIT, and CHGPATH.< >
At American Express Company, success with emerging technologies is viewed as primarily a management not a technology issue. A panel has been formed to examine the characteristics of successfully implemented innovation...
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At American Express Company, success with emerging technologies is viewed as primarily a management not a technology issue. A panel has been formed to examine the characteristics of successfully implemented innovations, the process of innovation, and the facilitators and inhibitors to innovation.< >
It is argued that the success of hypermedia systems will ultimately depend on expertsystems technology. The capabilities of hypermedia software that would exploit the speed and storage capacity of the computer while ...
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It is argued that the success of hypermedia systems will ultimately depend on expertsystems technology. The capabilities of hypermedia software that would exploit the speed and storage capacity of the computer while retaining the desirable characteristics of a good paper-based system are described.< >
The issues, choices, advantages, and disadvantages of dealing with developing deliverable expertsystems for an industrial environment are outlined. Development issues in this environment involve many things beyond wh...
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The issues, choices, advantages, and disadvantages of dealing with developing deliverable expertsystems for an industrial environment are outlined. Development issues in this environment involve many things beyond what is needed in a research project. The author discusses application selection, planning, funding, development phases, maintenance, and other issues. The information is based on a combination of the experience of the author and the members of the expertsystems Technology Transfer Association, a Chicago-based group of expertsystem project managers.< >
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