The Interactive Experimenter Planning system (IEPS) Group at AlliedSignal Technical Services Corp. has been developing expertsystems for NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) since 1985. Several systems have been d...
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Even though many universities are offering programs in knowledge engineering, it's a rarity that a course on knowledge acquisition is included in the knowledge engineering curriculum content. At George Washington ...
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Even though many universities are offering programs in knowledge engineering, it's a rarity that a course on knowledge acquisition is included in the knowledge engineering curriculum content. At George Washington University, a course on knowledge acquisition is required as part of the Master of Science program in Applied Artificial Intelligence and expertsystems. This paper describes the need for more university courses on knowledge acquisition, which then can contribute to improving the state-of-the-art in expertsystems development.< >
This paper describes the methodology and how the authors developed it for eliciting potential expertsystemprojects at the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). They intertwined demonstrations of existing IRS expertsystem...
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This paper describes the methodology and how the authors developed it for eliciting potential expertsystemprojects at the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). They intertwined demonstrations of existing IRS expertsystems and examples from non-IRS applications with questions like 'Do you have anything like this?' to stimulate ideas of similar tasks that might be amenable to solution via an expertsystem. They also interspersed minitalks on artificial intelligence (AI) terminology at the appropriate level when they felt that such use could not be avoided. The result in one division of the IRS was over 20 potential future expertsystems.< >
The integration of neural networks and expertsystems creates the potential for systems that are more powerful than ones using either of the techniques alone. The project presented uses hybrid systems for analyzing co...
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The integration of neural networks and expertsystems creates the potential for systems that are more powerful than ones using either of the techniques alone. The project presented uses hybrid systems for analyzing corporate databases. In this amplification, a neural network is trained to recognize patterns of information in an employee database, and an expertsystem component combines those results with a rule-based analysis to recommend staffing for projects. Results are presented along with implementation details and recommendations for further work in this area.< >
Reported by the author is an expertsystem which enhances the capability of a nonlinear optimization program. Included are discussions on the knowledge acquisition aspect and the advantageous use of neural networks to...
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Reported by the author is an expertsystem which enhances the capability of a nonlinear optimization program. Included are discussions on the knowledge acquisition aspect and the advantageous use of neural networks to accomplish knowledge acquisition. The expertsystem diagnoses the output of the NPSOL optimization package and seeks to find errors in the user-supplied inputs. These errors result from poor modeling formulation of the problem and poor parameter settings when running the program. A prototype system is installed on a Unix machine.< >
Depending on the specific expertsystem application, individuals and organizations involved in the expertsystem development and marketing chain may unwittingly surrender themselves to high-risk exposure to tort liabi...
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Depending on the specific expertsystem application, individuals and organizations involved in the expertsystem development and marketing chain may unwittingly surrender themselves to high-risk exposure to tort liability legal actions, in the event that an innocent third party should suffer physical harm. The degree of risk turns on whether the expertsystem is viewed by the court as a 'product' or as a 'service'. The author examines the implication of this determination in two areas of tort, product liability and negligence, and then outlines the issues surrounding the 'product-service continuum' as applied specifically to the expertsystem development and marketing environment. Finally, the author presents proactive measures that expertsystem developers and vendors should consider in order to minimize exposure to risk.< >
Induction is the process of reasoning from specific instances to general concepts. It is the development of universal concepts from individual episodes. Induction is used to develop rules of thumb (i.e. universal conc...
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Induction is the process of reasoning from specific instances to general concepts. It is the development of universal concepts from individual episodes. Induction is used to develop rules of thumb (i.e. universal concepts) from databases (i.e. collections of records of individual episodes). In the expertsystem domain, induction is the ability to develop expertsystem rules from database records. If one was to look at a particular vendor offering induction, it could be looked upon as the ability to develop LEVEL5 or LEVEL5 OBJECT knowledge bases from FOCUS databases.< >
A relatively simple yet powerful way to represent temporal constraints is as suitability functions, which identify intervals during which a constraint allows or precludes a given activity. The authors describe the suc...
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A relatively simple yet powerful way to represent temporal constraints is as suitability functions, which identify intervals during which a constraint allows or precludes a given activity. The authors describe the successful application of this framework to Transformation, an expertsystem for planning Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations. TRANS is charged with many tasks requiring constraint checking, including ordering observations, grouping those performed together and determining timing links between them. These tasks have been successfully performed using the Micro-Spike package, which supports the generation, propagation and path consistency of temporal constraints.< >
Software developers and managers at corporations are presented with a guideline to introducing their organization to artificial intelligence technology. Specifically through the implementations of expert or knowledge ...
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Software developers and managers at corporations are presented with a guideline to introducing their organization to artificial intelligence technology. Specifically through the implementations of expert or knowledge base systems, an organization can, in a relatively short period of time start taking advantage of AI technology. The author explores such areas as finding the right application, building a development team, selecting hardware and software and selecting training and consulting services, all aimed at quickly establishing an organization's AI capabilities.< >
Since AI software development is becoming a common enterprise, requirements for cost estimation increase. Four traditional software cost models are examined for useful characteristics. After extending the function poi...
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Since AI software development is becoming a common enterprise, requirements for cost estimation increase. Four traditional software cost models are examined for useful characteristics. After extending the function points model to expertsystems, features of traditional software cost models are incorporated in a new model. The new model is designed so that it can be applied to costing expertsystems, extended for other areas of AI, and used for costing traditional software development. Trial data are applied to the several models to give some understanding of the models' features.< >
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