The increase in renewable energy has led to new transients, increasing the importance of transient studies. Moreover, the broadband modeling of high-voltage equipment often employs black-box or grey-box techniques, us...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350374995;9798350374988
The increase in renewable energy has led to new transients, increasing the importance of transient studies. Moreover, the broadband modeling of high-voltage equipment often employs black-box or grey-box techniques, using frequency response measurements. However, impedance analyzer limitations in applying voltages well below nominal levels compromise model accuracy, especially for low-frequency transients. This paper evaluates the impact of applied voltage on the frequency response measurements, focusing on modeling capacitive voltage transformers (CVTs) for transient studies. A CVT model, validated in prior research, serves as a reference. Measurements on a 145 kV CVT in a high-voltage laboratory with three distinct setups are analyzed. The results show a clear relationship: as the applied voltage gets closer to the nominal voltage, the deviation from the reference curve decreases. These findings highlight the need to be careful when using frequency response measurements for low-frequency modeling, especially regarding nonlinearities in magnetic core elements.
Graphene geometric diodes could provide rectification at terahertz frequencies and present promising application in rectennas design for sensing and energy harvesting. This paper presents a multiphysics model for the ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350386257;9798350386240
Graphene geometric diodes could provide rectification at terahertz frequencies and present promising application in rectennas design for sensing and energy harvesting. This paper presents a multiphysics model for the simulation of rectennas, coupling quantum mechanics to simulate ballistic transport in the geometric diode and non linear electromagnetic simulation for the antenna rectification. The current-voltage characteristic, computed through a time-dependent Schrodinger equation approach, is then compared with experiments from the literature, providing a good matching. The diode has subsequently been used as a non linear element in the modelling of the rectenna device achieving a rectified voltage in the order of ten mV and a DC power conversion efficiency for different parallel resistive loads of few kiloohms in the range of 0.01%.
With rising demand for electric vehicles, development of battery management systems has become a key area of research. One of the essential tasks of battery management is to accurately determine the state of charge (S...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350348033
With rising demand for electric vehicles, development of battery management systems has become a key area of research. One of the essential tasks of battery management is to accurately determine the state of charge (SOC) of the electric vehicle battery under different operating conditions. In this contribution the effect of operating conditions is considered to update the parameters of an equivalent circuit battery model, leading to a more realistic SOC determination. A previously proposed hybrid-adaptive method is used for SOC estimation and three existing models from MATLAB/Simulink are compared: a generic model, a behavioral model (with and without parameter adaption), and a table-based model. The table-based model can be populated with experimental data. The simulation results indicate that the generic model is not capable of representing the aging behavior as accurately as the adaptive behavioral model. The SOC estimation with the behavioral model is also more accurate with the hybrid-adaptive method than the generic model which employs the open circuit voltage method.
We present a multi-scale modeling strategy to investigate and optimize epitaxial growth. As example processes, we study Si and SiGe epitaxial films in various equipments. While reactor-scale and feature-scale simulati...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350310979
We present a multi-scale modeling strategy to investigate and optimize epitaxial growth. As example processes, we study Si and SiGe epitaxial films in various equipments. While reactor-scale and feature-scale simulation approaches are useful on themselves, only the combination of both approaches is capable of fully capturing the physical and chemical processes of epitaxial growth on structured substrates.
The 101-190 Impedance Standard Substrate (ISS) from FormFactor (R) has been designed and simulated in CST (R) Suite Studio. Electrical properties of a 50 Omega load from the ISS were measured in the direct current (DC...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350347401
The 101-190 Impedance Standard Substrate (ISS) from FormFactor (R) has been designed and simulated in CST (R) Suite Studio. Electrical properties of a 50 Omega load from the ISS were measured in the direct current (DC) and the radiofrequency (RF) ranges using a voltmeter and a vector network analyser (VNA) respectively. This works come as a preliminary study to improve the on-wafer calibration procedure for precise GSG probing.
Accurately simulating human behavior in disaster scenarios is crucial for effective emergency management and social response prediction. However, existing approaches lack integration of emotional factors in cognitive ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350389814;9798350389807
Accurately simulating human behavior in disaster scenarios is crucial for effective emergency management and social response prediction. However, existing approaches lack integration of emotional factors in cognitive modeling, leading to limited fidelity in behavioralsimulation. This study presents an enhanced ACT-R framework incorporating an emotional module to simulate post-disaster social dynamics, with a specific focus on earthquake scenarios. We propose a novel integration methodology that combines ACT-R with Agent-Based modeling (ABM), where emotional states are dynamically modeled through a triple-parameter system (emotional intensity, social support level, and resource availability) that adaptively influences cognitive processing and decision thresholds. By implementing this emotion-aware framework in a case study of 20,000 agents within Xi'an city wall area, we observed distinct emotional clustering patterns and collective safety-seeking behaviors driven by emotional contagion, demonstrating the framework's capability in capturing complex social dynamics during crisis scenarios.
Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF) are important hardware security primitives used for generating keys and identity authentication, with wide applications in the Internet of Things security. However, the security of ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798331540340;9798331540333
Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF) are important hardware security primitives used for generating keys and identity authentication, with wide applications in the Internet of Things security. However, the security of strong PUF faces serious threats from modeling attacks, especially in the case of Arbiter PUF and their variants that involve additive linear integration of entropy sources. This paper proposes a Ring-Oscillator-Integrated-Linear-Feedback-Shift-Register-based PUF (ROinLFSR PUF) that achieves immunity to modeling attacks by highly nonlinearly integrating independent responses from weak RO PUFs using a configurable LFSR. To increase the efficiency of entropy extraction in hardware resources, dual entropy sources extraction is performed on the period and duty cycle of RO. Python simulation and FPGA experimental results demonstrate that the proposed PUF has intrinsic resilience against modeling attacks. And the proposed PUF achieves good results in reliability, uniqueness, uniformity, and randomness.
This article discusses power losses, heating, and heat distribution on high-power PCBs fitted with high-power SMD components. The paper presents two thermal design methods for power SMD PCBs, compares them with each o...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350385236;9798350385243
This article discusses power losses, heating, and heat distribution on high-power PCBs fitted with high-power SMD components. The paper presents two thermal design methods for power SMD PCBs, compares them with each other, and contrasts them with reference thermal measurements on a PCB prototype. The main contribution of the paper is to evaluate simplified thermal estimation for rapid PCB prototyping and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) thermal simulation for the final design and thermal optimization of the PCB in the PCB thermal design process. Therefore, the paper is divided into two parts. The first part discusses heat estimation using simplified analytical thermal calculations. The second part discusses thermal CFD modeling of PCBs and CFD thermal optimization. For verification purposes, two PCB variants are discussed-direct PCB cooling and double-sided cooling of the power SMD components. Two testing current values are used in the paper-20 A and 50 A.
Future carrier networks for 6G are expected to guarantee the performance across heterogeneous networks that integrate multiple technologies. This integration requires the effective verification of network performance ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350363869;9798350363852
Future carrier networks for 6G are expected to guarantee the performance across heterogeneous networks that integrate multiple technologies. This integration requires the effective verification of network performance under unpredictable conditions. To address this, the network digital replica (NDR) has been proposed to evaluate the performance of actual network equipment digitally. However, a major challenge of the NDR is the difficulty and expense of acquiring extensive real-world datasets for various traffic patterns, which is necessary for training actual network node models. This paper proposes a meta learner-based transfer learning to infer actual router metrics based on the model using network simulation data. The proposed method aims to build a model of actual router metrics based on limited real-world datasets by supplementing it with different ranges and types of simulation data. To address the differences in these datasets, the proposed method utilizes Neural Processes as a meta-learner combined with Partial Least Squares analysis to capture and bridge the representation for packet multiplexing tasks between simulation and real-world datasets for transfer learning. The results show that the proposed method improves the inference accuracy of actual router metrics;throughput, packet loss rate, and packet delay.
The paper investigates the feasibility of asynchronous Network-on-Chip (NoC) with wormhole switching in supporting traffic with variable data rates. A new approach to generate synthetic traffic close to realistic mult...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350385939;9798350385922
The paper investigates the feasibility of asynchronous Network-on-Chip (NoC) with wormhole switching in supporting traffic with variable data rates. A new approach to generate synthetic traffic close to realistic multimedia data traffic is also presented for the first time. This multimedia data stream traffic is utilized to evaluate the dynamic traffic handling capability of a generic synchronous NoC switch and asynchronous NoC switch architectures. Multimedia data streams are characterized as variable bit rate data streams where the amount of data being transmitted changes dynamically, depicting the heterogeneous timing of modern System-on-Chip (SoC). The Cadence Spectre Analog/Mixed Signal (AMS) Designer tool is used as a verification platform for the ease of simulation and to draw a fair comparison between the two architectures. The simulation platform is augmented with a real-time multimedia data stream for analysis. The simulation results show that the asynchronous design, activated only upon receiving data, outperforms the clock-triggered synchronous design in variable data-driven scenarios.
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