In this paper, we propose a "Neighbour Disjoint Multipath (NDM)" scheme that increases resilience against node or link failures in a wireless sensor network (WSN). Our algorithm chooses the shortest path bet...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479946181
In this paper, we propose a "Neighbour Disjoint Multipath (NDM)" scheme that increases resilience against node or link failures in a wireless sensor network (WSN). Our algorithm chooses the shortest path between a sensor and the sink as the primary path, thus ensuring the algorithm is energy efficient under normal circumstances. In selecting the backup paths, we utilise the disjoint property to ensure that i) when there are k paths between source and sink, no set of k node failures can result in total communication break between them, and ii) by having (k - 1) spatially separated backup paths w.r.t. the primary path, the probability of simultaneous failure of the primary and backup paths is reduced in case of localised poor channel quality or node failures. Our algorithm not only ensures the node disjointedness characteristics of the constructed paths, but also tries to minimise the impact of localised node or link failures where a localised portion of the network may be unusable. We analyse the motivation behind our idea clearly, and discuss the algorithm in detail. We also compare the NDM scheme with other common multipath techniques such as node-disjoint and edge-disjoint approaches, and point out its effectiveness through simulation.
The operation of Internet of Things (IoT) networks and Wireless sensor Networks (WSN) is often disrupted by a number of problems, such as path disconnections, network segmentations, node faults, security attacks, etc....
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665439299
The operation of Internet of Things (IoT) networks and Wireless sensor Networks (WSN) is often disrupted by a number of problems, such as path disconnections, network segmentations, node faults, security attacks, etc. A method that gains momentum in resolving some of those issues is the use of mobile nodes or nodes deployed by mobile robots. The use of mobile elements essentially increases the resources and the capacity of the network. In this work, we propose a scheme that utilizes mobile nodes for the creation of alternative paths from source to sink by also accounting the energy levels of the nodes as a contributing factor regarding the creation of alternative paths. We offer both a high level description of the concept and also a detailed algorithmic solution. The evaluation of the solution was performed in a case study of resolving congestion in the network. Results have shown that the proposed algorithm can significantly contribute to the alleviation of the problem of congestion in IoT and WSNs and can easily be used for other types of network problems.
In this paper we discuss about our new clustering algorithm (ALEC) by modeling the CH and non CH nodes during set-up and steady-state phases of the algorithm. We investigate the effects of event sensing reliability an...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479932474;9780769550237
In this paper we discuss about our new clustering algorithm (ALEC) by modeling the CH and non CH nodes during set-up and steady-state phases of the algorithm. We investigate the effects of event sensing reliability and number of clusters on the network lifetime. We also analyze the power consumption and delay overheads of the clustering algorithm. According to the results, energy consumption overhead and delay overhead of ALEC algorithm in worst cases are very low (overhead of power consumption is about 0.06% and overhead of delay is about 0.001%.). The results also show that longer network lifetime can be achieved by both lower values of number of clusters and sensing reliability.
We call radiation at a point of a wireless network the total amount of electromagnetic quantity (energy or power density) the point is exposed to. The impact of radiation can be high and we believe it is worth studyin...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781457705137
We call radiation at a point of a wireless network the total amount of electromagnetic quantity (energy or power density) the point is exposed to. The impact of radiation can be high and we believe it is worth studying and control;towards radiation aware wireless networking we take (for the first time in the study of this aspect) a distributedcomputing, algorithmic approach. We exemplify this line of research by focusing on sensor networks, studying the minimum radiation path problem of finding the lowest radiation trajectory of a person moving from a source to a destination point in the network region. For this problem, we sketch the main ideas behind a linear program that can provide a tight approximation of the optimal solution, and then we discuss three heuristics that can lead to low radiation paths. We also plan to investigate the impact of diverse node mobility to the heuristics' performance.
Detecting human stress levels and emotional states with physiological body-worn sensors is a complex task, but one with many health-related benefits. Robustness to sensor measurement noise and energy efficiency of low...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665495127
Detecting human stress levels and emotional states with physiological body-worn sensors is a complex task, but one with many health-related benefits. Robustness to sensor measurement noise and energy efficiency of low-power devices remain key challenges in stress detection. We propose SELFCARE, a fully wrist-based method for stress detection that employs context-aware selective sensor fusion that dynamically adapts based on data from the sensors. Our method uses motion to determine the context of the system and learns to adjust the fused sensors accordingly, improving performance while maintaining energy efficiency. SELF-CARE obtains state-of-theart performance across the publicly available WESAD dataset, achieving 86.34% and 94.12% accuracy for the 3-class and 2-class classification problems, respectively. Evaluation on real hardware shows that our approach achieves up to 2.2x (3-class) and 2.7x (2-class) energy efficiency compared to traditional sensor fusion.
In current research studies and testbed deployments of sensor networks, individual sensor nodes are usually assumed to be static. However, recent applications require mobile sensor nodes, something that poses unique c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781457705137
In current research studies and testbed deployments of sensor networks, individual sensor nodes are usually assumed to be static. However, recent applications require mobile sensor nodes, something that poses unique challenges in aspects like resource management, topology control, and performance. In this paper we propose a novel soft-handoff mobility protocol that provides zero handoff time and zero packet losses. The proposed solution uses cross-layer information from the MAC layer, the Topology Control, and the Performance Debugging modules of the employed architecture. Our solution was implemented and evaluated in a critical scenario inside an oil refinery.
Software defined radio (SDR) allows unprecedented levels of flexibility by transitioning the radio communication system from a rigid hardware platform to a more user-controlled software paradigm. However, it can still...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509014590
Software defined radio (SDR) allows unprecedented levels of flexibility by transitioning the radio communication system from a rigid hardware platform to a more user-controlled software paradigm. However, it can still be time consuming to design and implement such SDRs as they typically require thorough knowledge of the operating environment and a careful tuning of the program. In this work, we describe a systems contribution and outline strategies on how to create a state-action based design in implementing the CSMA/CA/ACK MAC layer in MATLAB (R) that runs on the USRP (R) platform, a commonly used SDR. Our design allows optimal selection of the parameters so that all operations remain functionally compliant with the ieee 802.11b standard (1Mbps specification). The code base of the system is enabled through the Communications System Toolbox (TM) and incorporates channel sensing and exponential random back-off for contention resolution. The current work provides a testbed to experiment with and enables creation of new MAC protocols starting from the fundamental ieee 802.11b compliant standard. Our system design approach guarantees the consistent performance of the bi-directional link and we include the experimental results for the three node system to demonstrate the robustness of the MAC layer in mitigating packet collisions and enforcing fairness among nodes.
Whereas software adaptation has been identified as an effective approach for addressing context-aware applications, the existing work on WSNs fails to support context-awareness and mostly focuses on developing techniq...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781457705137
Whereas software adaptation has been identified as an effective approach for addressing context-aware applications, the existing work on WSNs fails to support context-awareness and mostly focuses on developing techniques to reprogram the whole sensor node rather than reconfiguring a particular portion of the sensor application software. Therefore, enabling adaptively in the higher layers of the network architecture such as the middleware and application layers, beside the consideration in the lower layers, becomes of high importance. In this paper we propose an approach to hide heterogeneity and offer a single common configuration and processing component for all nodes of that heterogeneous system. This advances the current state-of-the-art, by providing a lego-like model whereby a single simple but powerful component is deployed in any node regardless of its underlying differences and the system is able to remotely configure and process data in any node in a most flexible way, since every node has the same uniform API, processing and access functionalities.
We introduce and study the localization problem in large scale underwater acoustic sensor networks. Considering that depth information is typically available for underwater sensors, we transform the 3D underwater posi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424444465
We introduce and study the localization problem in large scale underwater acoustic sensor networks. Considering that depth information is typically available for underwater sensors, we transform the 3D underwater positioning problem into its two-dimensional counterpart via a projection technique. We then introduce a localization scheme specifically designed for large scale acoustic underwater sensor networks. The proposed localization scheme does not require time-synchronization in the network. This scheme relies on time-differences of arrival (TDoA) measured locally at a sensor to detect range differences from the sensor to three anchors that can mutually hear each other We consider variations in the speed of sound and analyze the performance of the proposed scheme in terms of the number of localized nodes, location errors, and the number of reference nodes.
Wireless sensor networks have significant limitations in available bandwidth and energy. The limited bandwidth in sensor networks can cause higher message delivery latency in applications such as monitoring poisonous ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538617915
Wireless sensor networks have significant limitations in available bandwidth and energy. The limited bandwidth in sensor networks can cause higher message delivery latency in applications such as monitoring poisonous gas leak. In such applications, there are multi-modal sensors whose values such as temperature, gas concentration, location and CO2 level need to be transmitted together for faster detection and timely assessment of gas leak. In this paper, we propose novel Z-order based data compression schemes (Z-compression) to reduce energy and save bandwidth without increasing the message delivery latency. Instead of using the popular Huffman tree style based encoding, Z compression uses Z-order encoding to map the multidimensional sensing data into one-dimensional binary stream transmitted using a single packet. Our experimental evaluations using real world data sets show that Z-compression has a much better compression ratio, energy saving, streaming rate than known schemes like LEC (and adaptive LEC), FELACS and TinyPack for multi-modal sensor data.
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