Long range wide area networks (LoRaWAN) technology provides a simple solution to enable low-cost services for low power internet-of-things (IoT) networks in various applications. The current evaluation of LoRaWAN netw...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728105703
Long range wide area networks (LoRaWAN) technology provides a simple solution to enable low-cost services for low power internet-of-things (IoT) networks in various applications. The current evaluation of LoRaWAN networks relies on simulations or early testing, which are typically time-consuming and prevent effective exploration of the design space. This paper proposes an analytical model to calculate the delay and energy consumed for reliable Uplink (UL) data delivery in Class A LoRaWAN. The analytical model is evaluated using a real network test-bed as well as simulation experiments based on the ns-3 LoRaWAN module. The resulting comparison confirms that the model accurately estimates the delay and energy consumed in the considered environment. The value of the model is demonstrated via its application to evaluate the impact of the number of end-devices and the maximum number of data frame retransmissions on delay and energy consumed for the confirmed UL data delivery in LoRaWAN networks. The model can be used to optimize different transmission parameters in future LoRaWAN networks.
Battery-free sensor network is a new network architecture in which battery-free nodes can harvest energy from the ambient environment and the network lifetime is unlimited in terms of energy. However, the unbalanced a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728125190
Battery-free sensor network is a new network architecture in which battery-free nodes can harvest energy from the ambient environment and the network lifetime is unlimited in terms of energy. However, the unbalanced ambient energy distribution results in a low data coverage quality of the battery-free sensor network. In this paper, we want to deploy artificial power stations in the monitored region, improve the energy distribution and achieve the energy-data dual coverage. We have investigated two energy-data dual coverage problems in this paper to meet different user requirements. We have proved that these two problems are at least NP-Hard. Two approximated algorithms are proposed accordingly to solve these two problems. The ratio bound and time complexity of these two algorithms are analyzed. Furthermore, extensive simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of the algorithms. The experimental results show that the algorithms are effective and efficient.
Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) are an excellent fit to city-scale IoT applications becuase of their long range and a battery life of several years, and a data rate of 25-50kbps, which is sufficient to carry IoT...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538654705
Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) are an excellent fit to city-scale IoT applications becuase of their long range and a battery life of several years, and a data rate of 25-50kbps, which is sufficient to carry IoT traffic. However, a practical limitation of a LPWAN-based real-time wireless network is the duty-cycle limit imposed on the sub-1GHz band by the FCC. In this paper, we overcome this challenge by proposing the first duty-cycle-aware wireless link scheduling algorithm for real-time LPWANs that considers the urgency of the packets as well as the availability of the wireless channels. The proposed algorithm is implemented in a five-node, wide-area outdoor test-bed in multiple real-world scenarios. Simulation results are provided to quantify its performance under different settings (e.g. larger networks, variety of workloads, and multiple baselines). In both real-world deployments and simulations, the proposed algorithm outperforms standard scheduling algorithms in terms of link schedulability, deadline misses, and buffer size.
A distributed fuzzy system is a real-time fuzzy system in which the input, output and computation may be located on different networked computing nodes. The ability for a distributed software application, such as a di...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467315067
A distributed fuzzy system is a real-time fuzzy system in which the input, output and computation may be located on different networked computing nodes. The ability for a distributed software application, such as a distributed fuzzy system, to adapt to changes in the computing network at runtime can provide real-time performance improvement and fault-tolerance. This paper introduces an Adaptable Mobile Component Framework (AMCF) that provides a distributed dataflow-based platform with a fine-grained level of runtime-reconfigurability. The execution location of small fragments (possibly as little as few machine-code instructions) of an AMCF application can be moved between different computing nodes at runtime. A case study is included that demonstrates the applicability of the AMCF to a distributed fuzzy system scenario involving multiple physical agents (such as autonomous robots). Using the AMCF, fuzzy systems can now be developed such that they can be distributed automatically across multiple computing nodes and are adaptable to runtime changes in the networked computing environment. This provides the opportunity to improve the performance of fuzzy systems deployed in scenarios where the computing environment is resource-constrained and volatile, such as multiple autonomous robots, smart environments and sensor networks.
This paper presents initial results and future directions for data description and payload encodings for heterogeneous networks in IP based building intelligence systems. The efficiency of several open standards for s...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781457705137
This paper presents initial results and future directions for data description and payload encodings for heterogeneous networks in IP based building intelligence systems. The efficiency of several open standards for sensor data representation are evaluated along with a consideration of the complexity of implementation and suitability for use in development of 6lowPAN based intelligent building systems. A combination of a simplified generic XML schema for data description combined with Google Protobuffer encoding is suggested as the basis for further development of the architecture as this combines simple, platform independent implementation for developers with efficient compression and payload encoding for limited bandwidth 6lowPAN networks.
This paper presents MobiQuery, a spatiotemporal query service that allows mobile users to periodically gather information from their surrounding areas through a wireless sensor network. A key advantage of MobiQuery li...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769523315
This paper presents MobiQuery, a spatiotemporal query service that allows mobile users to periodically gather information from their surrounding areas through a wireless sensor network. A key advantage of MobiQuery lies in its capability to meet stringent spatiotemporal performance constraints crucial to many applications. These constraints include query latency, data freshness and fidelity, and changing query areas due to user mobility. A novel just-in-time prefetching algorithm enables MobiQuery to maintain robust spatiotemporal guarantees even when nodes operate under extremely low duty cycles. Furthermore, it significantly reduces the storage cost and network contention caused by continuous queries from mobile users. We validate our approach through both theoretical analysis and simulation results under a range of realistic settings.
We investigate the problem of efficient computation of a partition of a Random Geometric Graph (RGG) into a limited number of densely packed bipartite grid sub graphs. The study focuses on the collection of subgraphs ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538639917
We investigate the problem of efficient computation of a partition of a Random Geometric Graph (RGG) into a limited number of densely packed bipartite grid sub graphs. The study focuses on the collection of subgraphs each individually having similar size and structure and the union employing most (e.g. over 85%) of the vertices. The residual vertices we seek to minimize are attributed to the inherent variations in densities of the randomly placed vertices and to any shortcomings of our greedy algorithms. RGG's have been extensively employed in recent times to model the deployment of numerous instances of Wireless sensor Networks (WSN's) Pl. The properties investigated in our selected bipartite grid backbones are those deemed most relevant for applications to the foundations of this widely growing field. distributed algorithms are primarily used to determine backbones. Our results review what backbone grid partitions exist in the data. This provides a metric to measure the effectiveness of any distributed algorithm against an existing optimal result. The visual display of selected backbone grids suggests local algorithm design strategies. Furthermore, these partitions must be efficiently computable for highly scalable computation, e.g. WSN's with 100's of thousands of vertices and millions of edges in the resulting RGG. We consider distributions over a segment of the plane and over the surface of the sphere to model sensor distributions both in limited planar regions, all around the globe or on distant planets.
The goal of this paper is to enable near-realtime acquisition and processing of high resolution, high-quality, heterogeneous data from mobile and static sensing platforms to advance ocean exploration by providing infr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780769550411
The goal of this paper is to enable near-realtime acquisition and processing of high resolution, high-quality, heterogeneous data from mobile and static sensing platforms to advance ocean exploration by providing infrastructure for a distributedcomputing framework. Reaching this goal will improve the efficiency of monitoring dynamic oceanographic phenomena such as phytoplankton growth and rate of photosynthesis, salinity and temperature gradient, and concentration of pollutants. resource provisioning framework for organizing the heterogeneous sensing, computing, and communication capabilities of static and mobile devices in the vicinity in order to form an elastic resource pool a hybrid static/mobile computing grid is presented. This local computing grid can be harnessed to enable innovative data- and compute-intensive mobile applications such as onshore near-real-time data processing, analysis and visualization, mission planning and online ocean adaptive sampling.
Network simulation is an important tool for testing and evaluating wireless sensor network applications. Parallel simulation strategies improve the scalability of these tools. However, achieving high performance depen...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781457705137
Network simulation is an important tool for testing and evaluating wireless sensor network applications. Parallel simulation strategies improve the scalability of these tools. However, achieving high performance depends on reducing the synchronization overhead among simulation processes. In this paper we present an optimistic simulation algorithm with support for backtracking and re-execution. The algorithm reduces the number of synchronization cycles to the number of transmissions in the network under test. We implement SnapSim, an extension to the popular Avrora simulator, based on this algorithm. The experimental results show that our prototype system improves the performance of Avrora by 2 to 10 times for typical network-centric sensor network applications, and up to three orders of magnitude for applications that use the radio infrequently.
Networking protocols for multi-hop wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are required to simultaneously minimize resource usage as well as optimize performance metrics such as latency and reliability. This paper explores th...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769523315
Networking protocols for multi-hop wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are required to simultaneously minimize resource usage as well as optimize performance metrics such as latency and reliability. This paper explores the energy-latency-reliability trade-off for broadcast in multi-hop WSNs, by presenting a new protocol called PBBF (Probability-Based Broadcast Forwarding). PBBF works at the MAC layer and can be integrated into any sleep scheduling protocol. For a given application-defined level of reliability for broadcasts, the energy required and latency obtained are found to be inversely related to each other. Our analysis and simulation study quantify this relationship at the reliability boundary, as well as performance numbers to be expected from a deployment. PBBF essentially offers a WSN application designer considerable flexibility in choice of desired operation points.
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