This paper is motivated by emerging edge computingsystems which consist of sensor nodes that acquire and process information and then transmit status updates to an edge receiver for possible further processing. As po...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728186955
This paper is motivated by emerging edge computingsystems which consist of sensor nodes that acquire and process information and then transmit status updates to an edge receiver for possible further processing. As power is a scarce resource at the sensor nodes, the system is modeled as a tandem computation-transmission queue with power-efficient computing. Jobs arrive at the computation server with rate A as a Poisson process with no available data buffer. The computation server can be in one of three states: (i) OFF: the server is turned off and no jobs are observed or processed, (ii) ON-Idle: the server is turned on but there is no job in the server, (iii) ON-Busy: the server is turned on and a job is processed in the server. These states cost zero, one and p(c) > 1 units of power, respectively. Under a long-term power constraint, the computation server switches from one state to another in sequence: first a deterministic T-o, time units in OFF state, then waiting for a job arrival in ON-Idle state and then in ON-Busy state for an independent identically distributed compute time duration. The transmission server has a single unit data buffer to save incoming packets and applies last come first serve with discarding as well as a packet deadline to discard a sitting packet for maintaining information freshness, which is measured by the Age of Information (AoI). Additionally, there is a monotonic functional relation between the mean time spent in ON-Busy state and the mean transmission time. We obtain closed-form expressions for average AoI and average peak AoI. Our numerical results illustrate various regimes of operation for best AoI performances optimized over packet deadlines with relation to power efficiency.
Myoelectric control systems are gaining popularity with the availability of commercial, low-cost, surface electromyography sensors. These systems can be used for gesture recognition which finds application in human-ma...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665429528
Myoelectric control systems are gaining popularity with the availability of commercial, low-cost, surface electromyography sensors. These systems can be used for gesture recognition which finds application in human-machine interfaces. The gestures are recognized using pattern recognition algorithms. Machine learning or deep learning techniques can be applied for the classification of gestures. In this paper, a user-specific 1-Dimensional Convolution Neural Network is proposed for the classification of Surface Electromyography data recorded using a commercially available surface electromyography recording device to perform offline classification of 5 hand gestures using limited data of less than 400 samples. An average accuracy of 82%±3% was achieved during the study after cross-validation of the data using 5-fold stratified cross-validation.
We present a new image sensor architecture that manages spacial and temporal redundancies. This frameless image sensor only generates few events over time in order to target an efficient power consumption compared to ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728170442
We present a new image sensor architecture that manages spacial and temporal redundancies. This frameless image sensor only generates few events over time in order to target an efficient power consumption compared to the commercial CMOS image sensors. Indeed, this image sensor does not generate anymore frames but events only when a change appears in the scene. Moreover, the event throughput depends on the luminance variations of the recorded scene. This means that more activity in the scene will generate more events and vice versa. Collecting events over a period of time will define an image. It is noticeable that, at each instant, the generated events characterize the area of interest (the active area) of the scene. Consequently, processing such images should requires less computing energy.
The poultry industry constitutes a significant portion of the Philippine economy. In an increasingly technological society, the poultry industry also needs to adapt and maximize the recent technology to further enhanc...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350348798
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350348804
The poultry industry constitutes a significant portion of the Philippine economy. In an increasingly technological society, the poultry industry also needs to adapt and maximize the recent technology to further enhance the efficiency of the poultry feeding system. The aim of this research is to develop a monitoring system employing sensors, NodeMCU ESP8266, and Arduino Cloud to remotely track the water levels and feed weight of poultry. The developers employed the Agile Methodology for the development of the project. Ten (10) experts in the field of information technology and computer engineering evaluated the prototype using ISO 9126 evaluation criteria. The Likert Scale was used to interpret the results. Based on the evaluation, the project received an overall mean of 3.06, indicating that it meets the requirements in terms of functionality, reliability, efficiency, usability, maintainability, and portability.
Since the proliferation of fog computing, various distributed architectures have been proposed to extend the cloud to the edge of the network. However, so far there exists no study that compares different fog computin...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728173054
Since the proliferation of fog computing, various distributed architectures have been proposed to extend the cloud to the edge of the network. However, so far there exists no study that compares different fog computing architectures, and produces quantitative results in order to examine the efficiency of each architecture for different use cases. Such a study could provide guidelines for selecting an appropriate distributed architecture for fog computing while taking into account the requirements of the final applications. To bridge this gap in the literature, we create a unified system model which is able to represent the basic architectures commonly used for fog computing, i.e., hierarchical and flat. Furthermore, we design algorithms that can be used for creating fog computingsystems that follow these architectures, and we perform various experiments that focus on communication latency and bandwidth utilization. Notably, our results show that for applications that do not have a dependency on the cloud, i.e., no resource-demanding tasks are involved, the hierarchical architecture reduces the communication latency by 13% compared to the flat. However, for applications that also include resource-demanding tasks, the flat architecture reduces the communication latency by 16% compared to the hierarchical.
In the context in which pedestrians are the most exposed road user category in urban areas, this paper presents the results of an experimental demonstration of a new system designed to assist pedestrians in safely usi...
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The ongoing implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) is sharply increasing the number and variety of small devices on edge networks. Likewise, the attack opportunities for hostile agents also increases, requirin...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783030869700;9783030869694
The ongoing implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) is sharply increasing the number and variety of small devices on edge networks. Likewise, the attack opportunities for hostile agents also increases, requiring more effort from network administrators and strategies to detect and react to those threats. For a network security system to operate in the context of edge and IoT, it has to comply with processing, storage, and energy requirements alongside traditional requirements for stream and network analysis like accuracy and scalability. Using a previously defined architecture (IDSA-IoT), we address the construction and evaluation of a support mechanism for distributed Network Intrusion Detection systems based on the MINAS Data Stream Novelty Detection algorithm. We discuss the algorithm steps, how it can be deployed in a distributed environment, the impacts on the accuracy and evaluate performance and scalability using a cluster of constrained devices commonly found in IoT scenarios. The obtained results show a negligible accuracy loss in the distributed version but also a small reduction in the execution time using low profile devices. Although not efficient, the parallel version showed to be viable as the proposed granularity provides equivalent accuracy and viable response times.
We consider the problem of a drone (quadcopter) that autonomously needs to scan or search an unknown maze of walls and obstacles (no GPS and no communication). This ability (navigating in an unknown indoor environment...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665472616
We consider the problem of a drone (quadcopter) that autonomously needs to scan or search an unknown maze of walls and obstacles (no GPS and no communication). This ability (navigating in an unknown indoor environment) is a fundamental problem in the area of drones (even in general robotics) and has applications in military, security, search & rescue and surveillance tasks. Typically, previous works proposed systems that construct a 3D map (via camera images or distance sensors) of the drone’s surroundings. This 3D map is then analyzed to determine the drone’s location and an obstacle-free path. The algorithm proposed here skips over the 3D map and the computation of the obstacle-free path by using random “blind” billiard zig-zag movements to scan the maze. This way, the drone simply bounces from walls and obstacles disregarding the need to find an obstacle-free path in a 3D map. Thus the algorithm requires only a simple form of obstacle detection, one that alerts the drone that there is a close obstacle in its direction of flight. Just using zigzag movements was not enough to obtain efficient cover of the maze were “efficient” cover is when the drone performs no more than one pass per corridor/room (OPTtime). Hence, a more complex algorithm was developed on top of these random zigzag movements. Experimental results using a realistic flight simulation in a random maze showed about 95% cover in OPTtime.
Research and development of novel wireless access technologies for Internet-of-things (IoT) has lately garnered a lot of interest. Against this background, we design a wavelength-sensitive tunable wireless receiver ar...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728150895
Research and development of novel wireless access technologies for Internet-of-things (IoT) has lately garnered a lot of interest. Against this background, we design a wavelength-sensitive tunable wireless receiver architecture that enables remotely-seeded tuning of spatially distributed optical wireless sensor units in an IoT network. The tuning is achieved by optical frequency beating of a remotely-located laser's signal with the received wavelength-multiplexed signal from optical sources like lasers or light emitting diodes (LEDs). This eliminates the need for separate frequency filters and provides distributed frequency-space diversity, thereby increasing the number of sensor units. The proposed receiver can be employed in systems which require a plurality of sensor units like industrial IoT networks. We simulate the hardware model of the proposed architecture to analyze its error performance and also present a reliability analysis to determine the probability of system failure which is evaluated in terms of parameters like system reliability, system availability, mean time between failures and outage time of the system. We show that the proposed receiver works at high data rates with low bit error rate (BER) and also has good reliability performance.
Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems are enabling new applications in the field of spacecraft navigation, planetary exploration, as well as docking and landing operations. Wide time-of-flight (ToF) range, high ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665428019
Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems are enabling new applications in the field of spacecraft navigation, planetary exploration, as well as docking and landing operations. Wide time-of-flight (ToF) range, high speed and spatial resolution, tolerance to background (BG) noise, high dynamic range and radiation hardness represent some of key features to operate in this harsh environment. Among all technologies, direct ToF sensors based on CMOS single-photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) and time-to-digital converter (TDC) pixel arrays have gradually earned their place in 3D imaging due to their performance and system integrability [1]–[4].
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