The emerging class of high velocity and high volume data analytic workflows comprise interwoven data ingestion, organization, and processing stages, with ingestion and organization steps often contributing comparable ...
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As cloud computing becomes increasingly prevalent, the security and privacy of e-KYC (Electronic Know Your Customer) documents stored in the cloud have become critical concerns. Traditional e-KYC systems rely on centr...
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Traditional deep learning models incur high computational overhead (approximately 1-30W) and are unsuitable for Ultra-Low-Power (ULP) wearable systems like smart glasses. In contrast, TinyML architectures are power-ef...
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To estimate the distance between a user and the target object for personal interest or for subsequent actions, the commonly used method is to search the target in the map application. However this is limited by GPS si...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665473156
To estimate the distance between a user and the target object for personal interest or for subsequent actions, the commonly used method is to search the target in the map application. However this is limited by GPS signal status under different environments and incomplete information on the map application of smartphones. This paper introduces a ranging method, CACam, which utilizes consecutive angle measurement based on camera of smartphone. Geometric model and ranging process are proposed to calculate the distance. When the user aligns the target from different position points, we record readings from the gyroscope sensor during every rotation in the procedure. The camera is used for aligning the target to build geometric model. Vector mapping of angular readings and data processing of intermediate points are used to get more accurate angles, which is suitable for the situation that the smartphone could not be strictly rotated in perpendicular to the plane of the gravity. The effectiveness of our ranging method is verified through experiments in outdoor environments.
More recently, it has become possible to run deep learning algorithms on edge devices such as microcontrollers due to continuous improvements in neural network optimization algorithms such as quantization and neural a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665473156
More recently, it has become possible to run deep learning algorithms on edge devices such as microcontrollers due to continuous improvements in neural network optimization algorithms such as quantization and neural architecture search. Nonetheless, most of the embedded hardware available today still falls short of the requirements of running deep neural networks. As a result, specialized processors have emerged to improve the inference efficiency of deep learning algorithms. However, most are not for edge applications that require efficient and low-cost hardware. Therefore, we design and prototype a low-cost configurable sparse Neural Processing Unit (NPU). The NPU has a built-in buffer and a reshapable mixed-precision multiply-accumulator (MAC) array. The computing and memory resources of the NPU are parameterized, and different NPUs can be derived. Besides, users can also configure the NPU at runtime to fully utilize the resources. In our experiments, the 200MHz NPU with only 32 MACs is more than 32 times faster than the 400MHz STM32H7 when inferring MobileNet-V1. Besides, the yielded NPUs can achieve roofline or even beyond roofline performance. The buffer and reshapeable MAC array push the NPU's attainable performance to the roofline, while the feature of supporting sparsity allows the NPU to obtain performance beyond the roofline.
sensor-based Human Activity Recognition (HAR) has been a hot topic in pervasive computing for several years mainly due to its applications in healthcare and well-being. Centralized supervised approaches reach very hig...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665416436
sensor-based Human Activity Recognition (HAR) has been a hot topic in pervasive computing for several years mainly due to its applications in healthcare and well-being. Centralized supervised approaches reach very high recognition rates, but they incur privacy and scalability issues. Federated Learning (FL) has been recently proposed to mitigate these issues. Each subject only shares the weights of a personal model trained locally, instead of sharing data. A cloud server is in charge of aggregating the weights to generate a global model. However, since activity data is non-independently and identically distributed (non-IID), a single model may not be sufficiently accurate for a large number of diverse users. In this work, we propose FedCLAR, a novel federated clustering method for HAR. Based on the similarity of the local model updates, the cloud server in FedCLAR derives groups of users that exhibit similar ways of performing activities. For each group, FedCLAR uses a specialized global model to mitigate the non-IID problem. We evaluated FedCLAR on two well-known public datasets, showing that it outperforms state-of-the-art FL solutions.
Wireless sensor networking is a key enabler of Industrial IoT. IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) has standardized a protocol suite called 6TiSCH (IPv6 over the TSCH mode of ieee802.15.4e). 6TiSCH builds an IPv6 m...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665439299
Wireless sensor networking is a key enabler of Industrial IoT. IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) has standardized a protocol suite called 6TiSCH (IPv6 over the TSCH mode of ieee802.15.4e). 6TiSCH builds an IPv6 multi-hop wireless network with the ieee802.15.4 radio, which achieves low energy consumption and high reliability. Although network formation time is one of key performance indicators of wireless sensor networks, it has not been studied well with 6TiSCH standard protocols such as MSF (6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function) and CoJP (Constrained Join Protocol). In this paper, we propose a scheduling function called SF-Fastboot which shortens network formation time of 6TiSCH. We evaluate SF-Fastboot by simulation comparing with MSF, the state-of-the-art scheduling function. The simulation shows SF-Fastboot reduces network formation time by 41 % - 80 %.
Owing to population growth and industrialization, the need for electricity is at its apex, which creates stress on the grid due to the continuous consumption of power. To produce energy, natural resources are utilized...
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Tracking multiple moving objects of interest (OOI) with multiple robot systems (MRS) has been addressed by active sensing that maintains a shared belief of OOIs and plans the motion of robots to maximize the informati...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665491907
Tracking multiple moving objects of interest (OOI) with multiple robot systems (MRS) has been addressed by active sensing that maintains a shared belief of OOIs and plans the motion of robots to maximize the information quality. Mobility of robots enables the behavior of pursuing better visibility, which is constrained by sensor field of view (FoV) and occlusion objects. We first extend prior work to detect, maintain and share occlusion information explicitly, allowing us to generate occlusion-aware planning even if `a priori semantic occlusion information is unavailable. The efficacy of active sensing approaches is often evaluated according to estimation error and information gain metrics. However, these metrics do not directly explain the level of cooperative behavior engendered by the active sensing algorithms. Next, we extract different emergent cooperative behaviors that stem from the same underlying algorithms but manifest differently under differing scenarios. In particular, we highlight and demonstrate three emergent behavior patterns in active sensing MRS: (i) Change of tracking responsibility between agents when tracking trajectories with divergent directions or due to a re-allocation of the resource among heterogeneous agents;(ii) Awareness of occlusions to a trajectory and temporal leave-and-return of the sensing agent;(iii) Sharing of local occlusion objects in MRS that subsequently improves the awareness of occlusion.
The fast-growing complexity of decentralized infrastructures outpaces end-users from acquiring the required knowledge to operate them. A possible remedy for this ever-aggravating problem might be the integration of na...
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