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Design and Evaluation of a Notification System for Alarm Management in distributed Vision Networks

Design and Evaluation of a Notification System for Alarm Man...

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international conference on distributed computing systems Workshop

作者： Martin Hoffmann Michael Wittke Jorg Hahner Institute of Systems Engineering System and Computer Architecture Leibniz Universität Hannover Hanover Germany

Latest research results in the areas of computer vision and embedded systems have made way for smart cameras. These cameras use a built-in computing unit to analyse images directly at the CCD sensor. Smart cameras can cooperate in order to analyse scenes from different perspectives and track objects autonomously. In large smart camera systems (also known as distributed vision networks), distributed algorithms are needed that allow for cooperation and self-organization among *** paper focuses on alarm management in distributed vision networks, in which security staff is equipped with mobile terminals. These terminals and cameras are connected via an ad hoc network. We present a robust and lightweight algorithm that allows to notify guards quickly in case serious incidents have happened. This algorithm has been evaluated by simulation experiments and in a modestly sized real world testbed. Results show that the algorithm takes reasonable time to terminate (10s) in a network of 100 cameras.

关键词： distributed vision networks Smart cameras Charge-coupled image sensors Computer network management Computer vision Embedded system Image analysis Charge coupled devices Intelligent sensors Layout

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FLASH: Fine-grained Localization in Wireless sensor Networks using Acoustic Sound Transmissions and High Precision Clock Synchronization

FLASH: Fine-grained Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks...

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ieee international conference on distributed computing systems

作者： Evangelos Mangas Angelos Bilas Institute of Computer Science (ICS) Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas Heraklion GR-70013 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781424444816

sensor localization in wireless sensor networks is an important component of many applications. Previous work has demonstrated how localization can be achieved using various methods. In this paper we focus on achieving finegrained localization that does not require external infrastructure, specialized hardware support, or excessive sensor resources. We use a real sensor network and provide measurements on the actual system. We adopt a localization approach that relies on acoustic sounds and clock synchronization. The contribution of our work is achieving consistent sound pulse detection at each sensor and precise range estimation using a high-precision clock synchronization implementation. We first describe our technique and then we evaluate our approach using a real setup. Our results show that our approach achieves an average clock synchronization accuracy of 5μs. We verify this accuracy using an external global clock via an interrupt mechanism. Our sound detection technique is able to consistently identify sound pulses up to 10m distances in indoor environments. Combining the two techniques, we find that our localization method results in accurate range estimation with an average error of 11cm in distances up to 7m and in consistent range estimation up to 10m in various indoor environments.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks clock recovery indoor environment acoustic pulses sensor networks Localization method Flashing sensors SOUND

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Spatio-Temporal Event Model for Cyber-Physical systems

Spatio-Temporal Event Model for Cyber-Physical Systems

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international conference on distributed computing systems Workshop

作者： Ying Tan Mehmet C. Vuran Steve Goddard Computer Science and Engineering-Lincoln University of Nebraska Lincolnshire NE USA

The emerging cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are envisioned to integrate computation, communication and control with the physical world. Therefore, CPS requires close-interactions between the cyber and physical worlds both in time and space. These interactions are usually governed by events, which occur in the physical world and should autonomously be reflected in the cyber-world, and actions, which are taken by the CPS as a result of detection of events and certain decision mechanisms. Both event detection and action decision operations should be performed accurately and timely to guarantee temporal and spatial correctness. This calls for a flexible architecture and task representation framework to analyze CP operations. In this paper, we explore the temporal and spatial properties of events, define a novel CPS architecture, and develop a layered spatio-temporal event model for CPS. The event is represented as a function of attribute-based, temporal, and spatial event conditions. Moreover, logical operators are used to combine different types of event conditions to capture composite events. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first event model that captures the heterogeneous characteristics of CPS for formal temporal and spatial analysis.

关键词： distributed computing Event detection Physics computing Communication system control sensor phenomena and characterization conferences Computer science Spatiotemporal phenomena Control systems Embedded computing

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A novel electrical resistance tomography system of carbon fiber smart layer for structural health monitoring

A novel electrical resistance tomography system of carbon fi...

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ieee international conference on Intelligent computing and Intelligent systems (ICIS)

作者： Xiaoyu Zhang Zhuoqiu Li Sirong Zhu Department of Engineering Structure and Mechanics School of Science Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424447374;9781424447541

Based on the function character and conductivity of carbon fiber smart layer (CFSL), A novel electrical resistance tomography (ERT) system of CFSL had been developed for whole field structural health monitoring (SHM). The apposite Tikhonov regularization principle and modified Newton-Raphson (MNR) algorithm were adopted to solve the ERT inverse problem. Its effectiveness was evaluated using virtual experimental. The resistivity distribution image of CFSL sensor had been obtained from the ERT system, which data came form the virtual experimental. The result showed that the electrical resistivity of CFSL sensor increases under tension. Its high-resistivity area was distributed in the high stress/strain area of the structure. Its resistivity distribution indicated structural stress/strain condition. It is feasibility to whole field SHM using the function character of smart layer and ERT technology.

关键词： Electric resistance Tomography Monitoring Conductivity Stress Capacitive sensors Inverse problems Image sensors sensor systems Intelligent sensors

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Single sensor Acoustic Feature Extraction for Embedded Realtime Vehicle Classification

Single Sensor Acoustic Feature Extraction for Embedded Realt...

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ieee international conference on Parallel and distributed computing, Applications and Technologies (PDCAT)

作者： Andreas Starzacher Bernhard Rinner Institute of Networked and Embedded Systems Klagenfurt University Austria

Vehicle classification is an important task for various traffic monitoring applications. This paper investigates the capabilities of acoustic feature generation for vehicle classification. Six temporal and spectral features are extracted from the audio recordings. Six different classification algorithms are compared using the extracted features. We focus on a single sensor setting to keep the computational effort low and evaluate its classification accuracy and real-time performance. The experimental evaluation is performed on our embedded platform using recorded data of about 150 vehicles. The results are applied in our ongoing research on fusing video, laser and acoustic data for real-time traffic monitoring.

关键词： Acoustic sensors Feature extraction Vehicles sensor fusion Monitoring Laser fusion Telecommunication traffic Data mining Signal processing algorithms Robustness

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Embedded Virtual Machines for Robust Wireless Control systems

Embedded Virtual Machines for Robust Wireless Control System...

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international conference on distributed computing systems Workshop

作者： Rahul Mangharam Miroslav Pajic Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering University of Pennsylvania USA

Embedded wireless networks have largely focused on open loop sensing and monitoring. To address actuation in closed loop wireless control systems there is a strong need to re-think the communication architectures and protocols for reliability, coordination and control. As the links, nodes and topology of wireless systems are inherently unreliable, such time-critical and safety-critical applications require programming abstractions where the tasks are assigned to the sensors, actuators and controllers as a single component rather than statically mapping a set of tasks to a specific physical node at design time. To this end, we introduce the embedded virtual machine (EVM), a powerful and flexible programming abstraction where virtual components and their properties are maintained across node boundaries. In the context of process and discrete control, an EVM is the distributed runtime system that dynamically selects primary-backup sets of controllers to guarantee QoS given spatial and temporal constraints of the underlying wireless network. The EVM architecture defines explicit mechanisms for control, data and fault communication within the virtual component. EVM-based algorithms introduce new capabilities such as predictable outcomes and provably minimal graceful degradation during sensor/actuator failure, adaptation to mode changes and runtime optimization of resource consumption. Through the design of a natural gas process plant hardware-in-loop simulation we aim to demonstrate the preliminary capabilities of EVM-based wireless networks.

关键词： Virtual machining Robust control Control systems Communication system control Wireless sensor networks Open loop systems Actuators Wireless networks Wireless application protocol Telecommunication network reliability

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A Cluster-Based Protocol to Enforce Integrity and Preserve Privacy in Data Aggregation

A Cluster-Based Protocol to Enforce Integrity and Preserve P...

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international conference on distributed computing systems Workshop

作者： Wenbo He Xue Liu Hoang Nguyen Klara Nahrstedt Department of Computer Science University of New Mexico USA School of Computer Science McGill University Canada Department of Computer Science University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign USA

Data fusion or information collection is one of the fundamental functions in the future cyber-physical systems. But, privacy concerns must be addressed and security must be assured in such systems. It is very challenging to achieve the synergy of privacy and integrity, because privacy preserving schemes try to hide or interfere with data, while integrity protection usually needs to enable peer monitoring or public access of the data. Therefore, privacy and integrity can be the conflicting requirements, one may barricade the implementation of the *** this paper, we address both privacy of individual sensory data and integrity of aggregation result simultaneously by proposing a protocol called iCPDA, which piggybacks on a cluster-based privacy-preserving data aggregation protocol(CPDA). We implement the add-on feature to protect integrity of aggregation result. To show the efficacy and efficiency of the proposed scheme, we present simulation results. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is among the first protocols to preserve privacy and integrity in data aggregation.

关键词： Protocols Data privacy Protection Computer science Monitoring Wireless sensor networks Information security distributed computing conferences Helium

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Efficient distributed Positioning Algorithms for Wireless sensor Networks

Efficient Distributed Positioning Algorithms for Wireless Se...

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international conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT)

作者： Songtao Zhang Wenyu Liu Zhenhua Tang Jinhua Chen Le Shu Hongbo Jiang Department of Electronics and Information Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

Localization is an important area in wireless sensor networks. In this paper we introduce an efficient distributed location discovery algorithm which is named Distance Control Refinement (DCR). The DCR algorithm improves upon the previous Hop-TERRAIN algorithm by using the last iteration result as current result in some cases. Simulation results show that the fraction of located sensors by using our DCR algorithm can be significantly increased compared with that by utilizing the Hop-TERRAIN algorithm when the network connectivity is low. And the average position error of all of sensor nodes using our algorithm is smaller than using the Hop-TERRAIN algorithm.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Monitoring Global Positioning System Costs Position measurement Phase estimation Computer networks distributed computing Information technology Microelectromechanical systems

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On the impact of correlation on distributed detection in wireless sensor networks with relays deployment

On the impact of correlation on distributed detection in wir...

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ieee international conference on Communications (ICC)

作者： Mohammed W Baidas Ahmed S. Ibrahim Karim G. Seddik K.J. Ray Liu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland College Park MD USA Department of Electrical Engineering Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt

In this paper, a binary hypothesis distributed detection problem in correlated wireless sensor networks with cooperative relays deployment is considered. In particular, the effect of correlation between sensor nodes is modeled and analyzed in Rayleigh flat fading channels in order to explore the natural tradeoffs between the number of sensor/relay nodes and the detection error performance in the network. Specifically, two communication protocols are utilized; in protocol I, each sensor node communicates its observation directly to the fusion center while in protocol II, amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative relays are deployed and a fewer number of sensors is used. Based on the theoretical analysis and simulations, it is revealed that employing less sensor nodes and instead deploying relay nodes results in significant performance gains under strict network power constraint It is concluded that with cooperative distributed detection and exploitation of spatial diversity, better detection error performance is achieved as well as reduction in the required number of sensor nodes.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Relays Protocols Peer to peer computing Performance analysis Fading sensor fusion Power system modeling Power system relaying MIMO

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Energy efficient clustering and routing scheme for wireless sensor networks

Energy efficient clustering and routing scheme for wireless ...

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ieee international conference on Intelligent computing and Intelligent systems (ICIS)

作者： Wenjun Liu Jiguo Yu City College Wenzhou University Wenzhou Zhejiang China School of Computer Science Qufu Normal University Rizhao Shandong China

Minimizing energy dissipation and maximizing network lifetime are among the central concerns when designing applications and protocols for wireless sensor networks. In this paper we propose an energy-efficient clustering and routing scheme for wireless sensor networks (EECR). It mainly includes distributed nodes clustering, dynamic cluster head rotation and inter-cluster routing selection. In clustering stage, we introduce an uneven clustering mechanism. Cluster heads (CHs) which are closer to the base station (BS) have smaller cluster size than those farther from BS, thus they can preserve some energy for the purpose of inter-cluster data forwarding. For the dynamic cluster head rotation mechanism, the sensor nodes perform cluster head function in turn which balances energy consumption well among CHs. What is more, we propose an energy-efficient multi-hop routing protocol executed by BS for inter-cluster communication. Our strategy is making the most of BS's energy, so the node energy in the network is saved furthest. Simulation results show that EECR clearly prolongs the network lifetime over some related routing protocols.

关键词： Energy efficiency Wireless sensor networks Routing protocols Energy consumption sensor phenomena and characterization Energy dissipation Base stations Spread spectrum communication Monitoring Energy resources

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