The data association problem appears in many applications and is considered as the most challenging problem in intelligent systems. In this paper, we consider the Bayesian formulation of data association problems and ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781457705137
The data association problem appears in many applications and is considered as the most challenging problem in intelligent systems. In this paper, we consider the Bayesian formulation of data association problems and present a deterministic polynomial-time approximation algorithm with guaranteed error bounds using correlation decay from statistical physics. We then show that the proposed algorithm naturally partitions a complex problem into a set of local problems and develop a distributed version of the algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated in simulation.
ieee 802.15.4 addresses low-rate wireless personal area networks, enables low power devices, and includes a number of security provisions and options (the security sublayer). Security competes with performance for the...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781457705137
ieee 802.15.4 addresses low-rate wireless personal area networks, enables low power devices, and includes a number of security provisions and options (the security sublayer). Security competes with performance for the scarce resources of low power, low cost sensor devices. So, a proper design of efficient and secure applications requires to know the impact that ieee 802.15.4 security services have on the protocol performance. In this paper we present the preliminary results of a research activity aimed at quantitatively evaluating such impact from different standpoints including memory consumption, network performance, and energy consumption. The evaluation exploits a free implementation of the ieee 802.15.4 security sublayer.
Continuous monitoring is a major component of many applications in wireless sensor network (WSN). In these applications, to reduce the communication overhead, some form of data summary or aggregation can be performed....
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665495127
Continuous monitoring is a major component of many applications in wireless sensor network (WSN). In these applications, to reduce the communication overhead, some form of data summary or aggregation can be performed. However, performing non-trivial in-network data processing such as finding frequent items, Top-K monitoring, and clustering efficiently are challenging in practice. In this paper, we present Low-Power Distinct Sum (LDS), a distributed in-network data aggregation primitive that performs the sum of unique items in WSN. LDS serves as the underlying primitive that can be used to implement many distributed data processing efficiently. To demonstrate LDS's capabilities, we design and implement a distributed data streaming application with LDS running on Contiki OS. Compared to the baseline algorithm, LDS can reduce the completion time by up to 66%.
We discuss the shape estimation of a moving target object by using distributed simple sensors. Since we cannot always carefully design sensor locations or allocate global positioning systems (GPSs) to low-cost sensors...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728105703
We discuss the shape estimation of a moving target object by using distributed simple sensors. Since we cannot always carefully design sensor locations or allocate global positioning systems (GPSs) to low-cost sensors, we usually assume that the locations of sensors as well as that of the target object are unknown. We propose a method of estimating the whole shape of a moving target object T that has curved segments. Our method analyzes continuous reports on the measured distance of T from distributedsensors and determines the sensing directions of sensors by deriving T's boundary characteristics, such as curvature, from sensing reports. On the basis of the obtained sensing directions, it estimates the whole shape of T. We conducted numerical simulations and evaluated our method using simple geometric and realistic vehicle-shaped objects.
In recent years, the use of energy harvesting (EH) sensors has led to the proposal of activity sensing systems that are easy to install and do not require maintenance such as battery replacement. In this study, we aim...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665439299
In recent years, the use of energy harvesting (EH) sensors has led to the proposal of activity sensing systems that are easy to install and do not require maintenance such as battery replacement. In this study, we aim to construct a system that can not only sense but also recognize activities of daily living (ADLs) using only power generated by EH sensors. To achieve this goal, in this paper, we propose a fully EH-based ADL recognition system called Batterfly, which consists of EH analog PIR sensor nodes that can operate with indoor light, continuously senses human movement, and recognizes daily activities through machine learning. We applied the distributed execution method of the activity recognition model with five sensor nodes to five types of activities by five participants, and found that the system could recognize them with an average accuracy of 63.59%, comparable to the performance of the centralized model running on a gateway.
The complexity of in -vehicle interaction systems is constantly growing. However, thanks to the increased availability of sensing systems in the driving environment and communication infrastructure able to radically c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728105703
The complexity of in -vehicle interaction systems is constantly growing. However, thanks to the increased availability of sensing systems in the driving environment and communication infrastructure able to radically change the interaction modalities at driving, the existing situation is likely to progressively turn into a cooperative scenario, in which the vehicle and the driver share tasks at perceptual, decisional and control level. This paper describes an innovative humanmachine interaction paradigm developed in the SAFE STRIP project to exploit the potential of C -ITS to implement new mobility paradigms, to turn the traditional vehicle perspective into a more efficient traffic perspective. In order to achieve this challenging objective, the overall HMI strategy has been redesigned, to foster the adoption of a new, more active role of the driver and the other road users. The preliminary prototypes developed in the SAFE STRIP project are also described in this paper.
We revisit the classic object tracking problem with a novel and effective, yet straightforward distributed solution for resource-lean devices. The difficulty of object tracking lies in the mismatch between the limited...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479946181
We revisit the classic object tracking problem with a novel and effective, yet straightforward distributed solution for resource-lean devices. The difficulty of object tracking lies in the mismatch between the limited computational capacity of typical sensor nodes and the processing requirements of typical tracking algorithms. In this paper, we introduce an in-network system for tracking mobile objects using resource-lean sensors. The system is based on a distributed, dynamically-scoped tracking algorithm which alters the event detection region and reporting rate based on object speed. A leader node records the detected samples across the event region and estimates the object's location in situ. We study the performance of our tracking implementation on an 80-node testbed. The results show that it achieves high performance, even for very fast objects, and is readily implemented on resource-lean sensors. While the area is well-studied, the unique combination of algorithmic features represents a significant addition to the literature.
In this paper, we focus on designing a holistic approach to gather, monitor and analyze heterogeneous sources on allergies and allergens into one system. The dimensions of mobile crowdsensing, the sensor-based measure...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728105703
In this paper, we focus on designing a holistic approach to gather, monitor and analyze heterogeneous sources on allergies and allergens into one system. The dimensions of mobile crowdsensing, the sensor-based measurements, and micro-blogging raw texts are combined to address all different situations and needs. We envision that our system can be used for public health monitoring in order to early predict allergy/allergens or allergy-related irritants outbreaks. To the best of our knowledge, our system is the first holistic approach of a surveillance system for allergy in the US region.
The paper is motivated by recent surge of interest in utilization of a large number of sensor nodes in cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and the critical importance of managing sensor's restricted resources. In this r...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538639917
The paper is motivated by recent surge of interest in utilization of a large number of sensor nodes in cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and the critical importance of managing sensor's restricted resources. In this regard, we propose a multi-sensor and open-loop estimation algorithm with an information-based triggering mechanism. In the open-loop topology considered in this paper, each sensor transfers its measurements to the fusion centre (FC) only in occurrence of specific events (asynchronously). Events are identified using the information-based triggering mechanism without incorporation of a feedback from the FC and/or implementation of a local filter at the sensor level. We propose a multi-sensor triggering approach based on the projection of each local observation into the state-space which corresponds to the achievable gain in the sensor's information state vector. The simulation results show that the proposed multi sensor information-based triggering mechanism closely follows its full-rate estimation counterpart.
Many wireless sensor networks rely on synchronization protocols to correlate measurements on different nodes. In order to save power in these applications, we consider two stages for the nodes as synchronization times...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538654705
Many wireless sensor networks rely on synchronization protocols to correlate measurements on different nodes. In order to save power in these applications, we consider two stages for the nodes as synchronization timeslot and the synchronous task that can run on different clock frequencies. Implemented on a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) chip, decreasing the clock frequency from 16 MHz to 1 MHz results in 2x and 7.5x reduction in crystal oscillator and timer run currents, respectively. Experimental results show that when the synchronization timeslot runs on the 16 MHz clock and then the clock frequency reduces to 1 MHz for executing the task, synchronization accuracies are similar to the case where only the high frequency clock is used.
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