Asynchronous frameworks for distributed embeddedsystems, like ROS and MQTT, are increasingly used in safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving, where the cost of unintended behavior is high. The loose c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798400703188
Asynchronous frameworks for distributed embeddedsystems, like ROS and MQTT, are increasingly used in safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving, where the cost of unintended behavior is high. The loose coordination between the components in these frameworks gives rise to nondeterminism, where factors such as communication timing can lead to arbitrary ordering in the handling of messages. In this paper, we show that this problem compromises safety and complicates system design in Autoware. Auto 1.0, a popular open-source autonomous driving framework based on ROS 2. We extend the Lingua Franca coordination language to support distributed execution, port *** to Lingua Franca, and show that our solution avoids the identified problems. We assess the performance of our federated runtime implementation and show that it is competitive for this application. We also compare our achievable throughput to ROS 2 and MQTT using microbenchmarks and find that we can match or exceed the throughput of those frameworks while preserving determinism.
This study presents a novel sensor system aimed at preventing child heatstroke in unattended vehicles. The developed system integrates a 24 GHz Continuous Wave (CW) radar, engineered to detect the subtle breathing sig...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350387186;9798350387179
This study presents a novel sensor system aimed at preventing child heatstroke in unattended vehicles. The developed system integrates a 24 GHz Continuous Wave (CW) radar, engineered to detect the subtle breathing signals of infants. A custom-designed 4-by-1 patch array antenna, optimized for this specific application, is seamlessly embedded into a designed PCB. To enhance efficiency and accuracy, the system incorporates a low-cost 8-bit Microcontroller (MC) and a dedicated hardware filter. These components facilitate a tailored signal processing algorithm specifically designed for efficient and rapid computation of the child's Respiratory Rate (RR). The system's performance evaluation involved monitoring a sleeping infant's respiratory patterns in real-time. Collected data was then compared against established reference standards to assess the system's accuracy in detecting the child's RR, providing compelling evidence of its efficacy. Furthermore, the system has demonstrated compliance with automotive industry standards, assuring seamless integration into existing vehicle frameworks. This innovation holds significant potential to proactively enhance automotive safety standards.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of improved inventory management models in technology companies and how AI methodologies such as machine learning, predictive analytics, and optimization algorithms are r...
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Underwater optical camera communication (UOCC) systems that use light-emitting diodes as transmitters and high-frame rate cameras as receivers offer robust and low-cost wireless communication solutions for underwater ...
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Object detection is one of the most popular applications of machine learning in the modern era. With the growth of IOT in recent times, dedicated devices offering real-time object detection have seen overwhelming dema...
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In modern times, object tracking and detection play a crucial role in many real-life applications like the traffic sector, UAVs, and many other real-life applications. Generally, object detection and tracking have dif...
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The efficient utilization of heterogeneous computingsystems is crucial for scientists and industrial organizations to execute computationally intensive applications. Task-based programming has emerged as an effective...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350364613;9798350364606
The efficient utilization of heterogeneous computingsystems is crucial for scientists and industrial organizations to execute computationally intensive applications. Task-based programming has emerged as an effective approach for harnessing the processing power of these systems. However, effective scheduling of task-based applications is critical for achieving high performance. Typically, these applications are represented as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), which can be optimized through careful scheduling to minimize execution time and maximize resource utilization. In this paper, we introduce MultiPrio, a dynamic task scheduler that aims to minimize the overall completion time of parallelized task-based applications. The goal is to find a trade-off between resource affinity, task criticality, and workload balancing on the resources. To this end, we compute scores for each task and manage the available tasks in the system with a data structure based on a set of priority queues. Tasks are assigned to available resources according to these scores, which are dynamically computed by heuristics based on task affinity and criticality. We also consider workload balancing across resources and data locality awareness. To evaluate the scheduler, we study the performance of dense and sparse linear algebra task-based applications and task-based FMM application using the StarPU runtime system on heterogeneous nodes. Our scheduler shows interesting results compared to other state-of-the-art schedulers in StarPU for regular applications, and excels at optimizing irregular workloads, improving performance by up to 31%.
real-time pedestrian detection is an expanding research topic that is crucial in various vision-based applications. Effective detection of pedestrians in various environments and situations will significantly improve ...
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Intelligent components such as reinforcement learning are increasingly used in safety-critical embeddedsystems, e.g., in cars, trains or traffic control systems. While it is crucial to verify the correctness of such ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798400703188
Intelligent components such as reinforcement learning are increasingly used in safety-critical embeddedsystems, e.g., in cars, trains or traffic control systems. While it is crucial to verify the correctness of such systems under all circumstances, their formal verification is difficult due to multiple challenges: the real-time and concurrent behavior, deeply intertwined hardware and software components, the lack of formal semantics in industrially used design languages such as SystemC, and the trial-and-error behavior of learning components. In this paper, we present an approach to safely integrate learning into systems that are designed in SystemC using timed contracts and model checking. Our main contribution is twofold: 1) We show how the safe behavior of a learning component within a concurrent real-time system can be defined by a timed contract. 2) We provide an embedding of such contracts into an existing transformation from SystemC to Uppaal timed automata. This enables us to use the Uppaal model checker to formally verify that the SystemC design is safe under the assumption that the learning component adheres to its timed contract. To ensure safe behavior at runtime, we integrate the contract as a runtime monitor in the SystemC design. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach with a case study of an intelligent traffic light controller that uses reinforcement learning.
The integration of Intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) and embeddedsystems has made the design and development of embeddedsystems more intelligent and efficient. In embeddedsystems, simulation technology is an imp...
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