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Accelerator-Aware Task Synchronization for real-time Systems 17

Accelerator-Aware Task Synchronization for Real-Time Systems

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17th ieee international symposium on object/component/service-oriented real-time distributed computing (ISORC)

作者： Wu, Yu-Chen Chang, Che-Wei Kuo, Tei-Wei Shih, Chi-Sheng Natl Taiwan Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Taipei Taiwan Chang Gung Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn Coll Engn Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Taoyuan Taiwan Acad Sinica Res Ctr Informat Technol Innovat Taipei Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Grad Inst Networking & Multimedia Taipei Taiwan Sungkyunkwan Univ Coll Informat & Commun Engn Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781479944309

This work is motivated by the needs to synchronize task executions where tasks might use semaphores to protect their critical sections and run over accelerators. In particular, the Priority Ceiling Protocol is extended to manage priority inversion caused by accelerator usages. By recognizing the difference between an accelerator and a semaphore, higher-priority tasks are less likely blocked by lower-priority tasks, due to their requests for an accelerator. In particular, blocking that will not contribute to any deadlock and/or chained blocking is allowed in a managed way, with an objective to maximize the utilization of accelerators. A series of experiments is then conducted to derive insights to task synchronization when accelerators might be used.

关键词： distributed computing real-time systems FPGA GPU accelerator real-time synchronization synchronization protocal real-time systems Accelerators distributed computing task synchronization Field programmable gate arrays signals GRAPPER PICK UP Graphics Processing Unit Religious Missions critical zone

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Wide-area distributed Integrated Test Environments for distributed Embedded Control System 17

Wide-area Distributed Integrated Test Environments for Distr...

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17th ieee international symposium on object/component/service-oriented real-time distributed computing (ISORC)

作者： Nakamoto, Yukikazu Ito, Tadahiro Yabuuchi, Kenji Osaki, Tatsunori Univ Hyogo Grad Sch Appl Informat Kobe Hyogo 6500044 Japan OCTOPATH Corp Tokyo Japan Fujitsu Ten Ltd Fujimi Gunma Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479944309

Embedded control systems such as automotive form large-scale distributed ones which consist of numerous CPUs and devices, including plants and various hardware components. The complexity of such systems has increased for sophisticated control using numerous types of sensor data. Meanwhile, market pressures lead to reducing development periods for the large-scale distributed embedded control systems. A model-based design becomes popular to solve the above problems, especially automotive industries. In this paper, we describe a wide-area distributed integrated test environment based on the model-based design. The key features are communication middleware to enable wide-area distributed test with integrating the programs in widely distributed sites and control program execution with models of multiple abstraction levels in the model-based design. Furthermore, we developed a model agent simulation. Instead of a plant model that might be located and simulated by MATLAB/Simulink in a remote site, a model agent behaves like the model in a local computer. The model agent simulation significantly reduces the test execution time in a prototype evaluation.

关键词： distributed computing real-time systems MATLAB/Simulink Windows Communication Foundation model-based design wide-area distributed test environments control systems distributed computing real-time systems Distribute Aggregate tests plant models fundamental design embedding

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Elastic Infrastructure to Support computing Clouds for Large-scale Cyber-Physical Systems 17

Elastic Infrastructure to Support Computing Clouds for Large...

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17th ieee international symposium on object/component/service-oriented real-time distributed computing (ISORC)

作者： Schmidt, Douglas C. White, Jules Gill, Christopher D. Vanderbilt Univ Dept EECS Nashville TN 37235 USA Washington Univ CSE Dept St Louis MO USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479944309

Large-scale cyber-physical systems (CPS) in mission-critical areas such as transportation, health care, energy, agriculture, defense, homeland security, and manufacturing, are becoming increasingly interconnected and interdependent. These types of CPS are unique in their need to combine rigorous control over timing and physical properties, as well as functional ones, while operating dynamically, reliably and affordably over significant scales of distribution, resource consumption, and utilization. As large-scale CPS continue to evolve-and grow in scale and complexity-they will impose significant and novel requirements for a new kind of cloud computing that is not supported by conventional technologies To meet these requirements, cloud computing advances are needed to establish real-time computing, communication, and control foundations rigorously at scale. Likewise, advances are needed to apply these foundations in a flexible and scalable manner to different real-world large-scale CPS challenge problems. To support both foundational and experimental R&D, a new generation of elastic infrastructure must be designed, developed, and evaluated. This paper identifies challenges, opportunities, and benefits for this work and for the large-scale CPS it targets.

关键词： computing Clouds for Cyber-Physical Systems Data Distribution service Middleware

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An Efficient Fault-tolerant Scheduling Algorithm for Periodic real-time Tasks in Heterogeneous Platforms 16

An Efficient Fault-tolerant Scheduling Algorithm for Periodi...

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16th ieee international symposium on object/component/service-oriented real-time distributed computing (ISORC)

作者： Qiu, Weiwei Zheng, Zibin Wang, Xinyu Yang, Xiaohu Zhejiang Univ Coll Comp Sci & Technol Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Shenzhen Res Inst Shenzhen Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479921133

Fault-tolerant real-time scheduling algorithm is one of the most important means to ensure the timeliness and high availability characteristics of fault-tolerant real-time systems. Existing scheduling models for periodic real-time task in heterogeneous platforms typically require the number of processors in the systems to be determined in advance;hence prohibit the scalability and the performance of distributed systems. The algorithms based on these models also require a large number of schedubility tests which lead to long execution time. To address these problems, we propose a primary and backup replica partition based fault-tolerant scheduling algorithm (PBPFT) based on a scalable scheduling model using heterogeneity that does not have to determine the scale of the distributed system in advance. The PBPFT approach also takes advantage of backup copy overlapping and phasing delay techniques to minimize system redundancy, and adopts the processor grouping technique to simplify algorithm complexity. Comprehensive experiments are conducted, and the results validate high resource utilization and commendable performance of our proposed approach.

关键词： Scheduling algorithm Fault-tolerant real-time task Primary and backup copy Heterogeneous distributed system

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Computation Efficiency Driven Job Removal Policies for Meeting End-to-End Deadlines in distributed real-time Systems 16

Computation Efficiency Driven Job Removal Policies for Meeti...

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16th ieee international symposium on object/component/service-oriented real-time distributed computing (ISORC)

作者： Song, Miao Li, Shuhui Ren, Shangping Hong, Shengyan Hu, Xiaobo Sharon IIT Dept Comp Sci Chicago IL 60616 USA Univ Notre Dame Dept Comp Sci & Engn Notre Dame IN 46556 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479921133

In distributed real-time systems, when resource cannot meet workload demand, some jobs have to be removed from further execution. The decision as to which job to remove directly influences the system computation efficiency, i.e., the ratio between computation contributed to successful completions of real-time jobs and total computation contributed to the execution of jobs that may or may not be completed. The paper presents two job removal policies which aim at maximizing system's computation efficiency for distributed real-time applications where the applications' end-to-end deadlines must be guaranteed. Experiments based on benchmark applications generated by TGFF [1] are conducted and compared with recent work in the literature. The results show clear benefits of the developed approaches - they can achieve as much as 2 0 % computation efficiency improvement.

关键词： Computational modeling Computers Energy consumption Program processors real-time systems Scheduling algorithms Program processors distributed real-time system jobs Scheduling algorithms real-time systems Computational modeling Computers energy consumption arithmetic real-time application program end-to-end

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distributed and Managed: Research Challenges and Opportunities of the Next Generation Cyber-Physical Systems 17

Distributed and Managed: Research Challenges and Opportuniti...

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17th ieee international symposium on object/component/service-oriented real-time distributed computing (ISORC)

作者： Karsai, Gabor Balasubramanian, Daniel Dubey, Abhishek Otte, William R. Vanderbilt Univ Inst Software Integrated Syst Nashville TN 37235 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479944309

Cyber-physical systems increasingly rely on distributed computing platforms where sensing, computing, actuation, and communication resources are shared by a multitude of applications. Such 'cyber-physical cloud computing platforms' present novel challenges because the system is built from mobile embedded devices, is inherently distributed, and typically suffers from highly fluctuating connectivity among the modules. Architecting software for these systems raises many challenges not present in traditional cloud computing. Effective management of constrained resources and application isolation without adversely affecting performance are necessary. Autonomous fault management and real-time performance requirements must be met in a verifiable manner. It is also both critical and challenging to support multiple end-users whose diverse software applications have changing demands for computational and communication resources, while operating on different levels and in separate domains of security. The solution presented in this paper is based on a layered architecture consisting of a novel operating system, a middleware layer, and component-structured applications. The component model facilitates the construction of software applications from modular and reusable components that are deployed in the distributed system and interact only through well-defined mechanisms. The complexity of creating applications and performing system integration is mitigated through the use of a domain-specific model-driven development process that relies on a domain-specific modeling language and its accompanying graphical modeling tools, software generators for synthesizing infrastructure code, and the extensive use of model-based analysis for verification and validation.

关键词： distributed systems cyber-physical systems

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Middleware architectures for distributed embedded systems

Middleware architectures for distributed embedded systems

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11th ieee symposium on object/component/service-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Wolf, Wayne Georgia Inst Technol Sch ECE Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780769531328

A wide range of high-performance distributed embedded systems have been designed and deployed. Physically distributed embedded systems are used for manufacturing and control, traffic analysis, and other problems. Interestingly, today's systems-on-chips are sufficiently complex that they must be treated as distributed embedded systems. At all scales of physical extent, middleware is required to manage the computations. This paper looks at distributed embedded systems at several physical scales and considers the types of middleware that are needed to operate these systems.

关键词： Embedded systems Middleware Distribute HIGH-PERFORMANCE

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An Evaluation Framework for Assessing the Dependability of Dynamic Binding in service-oriented computing 16

An Evaluation Framework for Assessing the Dependability of D...

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16th ieee international symposium on object/component/service-oriented real-time distributed computing (ISORC)

作者： Sargeant, Anthony Townend, Paul Xu, Jie Djemame, Karim Univ Leeds Sch Comp Leeds LS2 9JT W Yorkshire England

ISBN: (纸本)9781479921133

service-oriented computing (SOC) provides a flexible framework in which applications may be built up from services, often distributed across a network. One of the promises of SOC is that of Dynamic Binding where abstract consumer requests are bound to concrete service instances at runtime, thereby offering a high level of flexibility and adaptability. Existing research has so far focused mostly on the design and implementation of dynamic binding operations and there is little research into a comprehensive evaluation of dynamic binding systems, especially in terms of system failure and dependability. In this paper, we present a novel, extensible evaluation framework that allows for the testing and assessment of a Dynamic Binding System (DBS). Based on a fault model specially built for DBS's, we are able to insert selectively the types of fault that would affect a DBS and observe its behavior. By treating the DBS as a black box and distributing the components of the evaluation framework we are not restricted to the implementing technologies of the DBS, nor do we need to be co-located in the same environment as the DBS under test. We present the results of a series of experiments, with a focus on the interactions between a real-life DBS and the services it employs. The results on the NECTISE Software Demonstrator (NSD) system show that our proposed method and testing framework is able to trigger abnormal behavior of the NSD due to interaction faults and generate important information for improving both dependability and performance of the system under test.

关键词： Dependability evaluation dynamic binding service-oriented Architectures testing Web services

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A Framework for Enhancing Dependability in Self-x Systems by Artificial Immune Systems 16

A Framework for Enhancing Dependability in Self-x Systems by...

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16th ieee international symposium on object/component/service-oriented real-time distributed computing (ISORC)

作者： Rammig, Franz Stahl, Katharina Vaz, Gavin Univ Paderborn Heinz Nixdorf Inst Design Distributed Embedded Syst Res Grp D-33102 Paderborn Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479921133

In self-adapting embedded real-time systems, operating systems and software provide mechanisms to self-adapt to changing requirements. Autonomous adaptation decisions introduce novel risks as they may lead to unforeseen system behavior that could not have been specified within a design-time model. However, as part of its functionality the operating system has to ensure the reliability of the entire self-x system during run-time. In this paper, we present our work in progress for an operating system framework which aims to identify anomalous or malicious system states at run-time without a sophisticated specification-time model. Inspired by the Artificial Immune Systems Danger Theory, we propose an anomaly detection mechanism that operates not only on the local system behavior information of the monitored component. Furthermore, to ensure an efficient behavior evaluation, the anomaly detection mechanism implies system-wide input signals that indicate e.g the existence of a potential danger within the overall system or the occurrence of a system adaption. Due to the ability of this framework to cope with dynamically changing behavior and to identify unintended behavioral deviations, it seems to be a promising approach to enhance the run-time dependability of a self-x system.

关键词： Context Detectors Immune system Kernel Monitoring real-time systems real-time systems artificial immune systems X systems Immune System Runtime Kernel Operating systems Frameworks work in progress detector anomaly detection system behavior Hydrologic models

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Optimizing General-Purpose Software Instrumentation Middleware Performance for distributed real-time and Embedded Systems 16

Optimizing General-Purpose Software Instrumentation Middlewa...

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16th ieee international symposium on object/component/service-oriented real-time distributed computing (ISORC)

作者： Feiock, Dennis C. Hill, James H. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Dept Comp & Informat Sci Indianapolis IN 46202 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479921133

Software instrumentation is an important aspect of software-intensive distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems because it enables real-time feedback of system properties, such as resource usage and component state, for performance analysis. Although it is critical not to collect too much instrumentation data to ensure minimal impact on the DRE system's existing performance properties, the design and implementation of software instrumentation middleware can impact how much instrumentation data can be collected. This can indirectly impact the DRE system's existing properties and performance analysis, and is more of a concern when using general-purpose software instrumentation middleware for DRE systems. This paper provides two contributions to instrumenting software-intensive DRE systems. First, it presents two techniques named the Standard Flat-rate Envelope and Pay-per-use for improving the performance of software instrumentation middleware for DRE systems. Secondly, it quantitatively evaluates performance gains realized by the two techniques in the context the Open-source Architecture for Software Instrumentation of Systems (OASIS), which is open-source dynamic instrumentation middleware for DRE systems. Our results show that the Standard Flat-rate Envelope improves performance up to 57% and the Pay-per-use improves performance up to 49%.

关键词： Abstracts Data models Middleware Probes Standards Middleware DESTRUCTION REMOVAL EFFICIENCY data models Probes computer software Embedded systems computer programs

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