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Parallelization and characterization of SIFT on multi-core systems

Parallelization and characterization of SIFT on multi-core s...

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ieee international workshop/Symposium on Workload Characterization

作者： Hao Feng Eric Li Yurong Chen Yimin Zhang Application Research Laboratory Intel China Research Center Limited China

This paper parallelizes and characterizes an important computer vision application -Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) both on a Symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) platform and a large scale Chip multiprocessor (CMP) simulator. SIFT is an approach for extracting distinctive invariant features from images and has been widely applied. In many computer vision problems, a real-time or even super-real-time processing capability of SIFT is required. To meet the computation demand, we optimize and parallelize SIFT to accelerate its execution on multi-core systems. Our study shows that SIFT can achieve a 9.7x ~ llx speedup on a 16 -core SMP system. Furthermore, Single Instruction multiple Data (SIMD) and cache-conscious optimization bring another 85% performance gain at most. But it is still three times slower than the real-time requirement for High-Definition Television (HDTV) image. Then we study the performance of SIFT on a 64 -core CMP simulator. The results show that for HDTV image, SIFT can achieve an excellent speedup of 52 x and run in real-time finally. Besides the parallelization and optimization work, we also conduct a detailed performance analysis for SIFT on those two platforms. We find that load imbalance significantly limits the scalability and SIFT suffers from intensive burst memory bandwidth requirement on the 16 -core SMP system. However, on the 64 -core CMP simulator the memory pressure is not high due to the shared last-level cache (LLC) which accommodates tremendous read-write sharing in SIFT. Thus it does not affect the scaling performance. In short, understanding the characterization of SIFT can help identify the program bottlenecks and give us further insights into designing better systems.

关键词： Bandwidth HDTV Optimization Scalability Pixel Transform coding Histograms

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Position Statement: How Far Have We Come?

Position Statement: How Far Have We Come?

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ieee Annual international Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC)

作者： Brian Randell School of Computing Science University of Newcastle Newcastle-upon-Tyne UK

In the late 1960s computers were mainly very big (room size) and expensive, and were mainly used by wealthy organisations for large-scale commercial data processing and scientific calculations, though the first minicomputers were starting to appear in well-funded laboratories. Since then not just one, but rather many, types of software industry have come into existence, in particular those that design or tailor "bespoke" software for particular clients and environments, and those that produce "of-the-peg" software packages that are sold to thousands or even millions of customers. Among the many looming technical developments that were discussed enthusiastically at the NATO conferences, two that now stand out as still of great interest and constituting a considerable challenge are software components and software development environments. A third technical development that was already under way in the late 1960s, though less prominent at the conferences, was that of multiprocessor design - a technical challenge that has been revitalised by the arrival of multi-core processor chips.

关键词： Software Industries Computers Programming Hardware Software systems Monopoly

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Dependence-aware transactional memory for increased concurrency 41

Dependence-aware transactional memory for increased concurre...

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ieee/ACM international Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO)

作者： Hany E. Ramadan Christopher J. Rossbach Emmett Witchel Department of Computer Sciences University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424428366

Transactional memory (TM) is a promising paradigm for helping programmers take advantage of emerging multi-core platforms. Though they perform well under low contention, hardware TM systems have a reputation of not performing well under high contention, as compared to locks. This paper presents a model and implementation of dependence-aware transactional memory (DATM), a novel solution to the problem of scaling under contention. Unlike many proposals to deal with write-shared data (which arise in common data structures like counters and linked lists), DATM operates transparently to the programmer. The main idea in DATM is to accept any transaction execution interleaving that is conflict serializable, including interleavings that contain simple conflicts. Current TM systems reduce useful concurrency by restarting conflicting transactions, even if the execution interleaving is conflict serializable. DATM manages dependences between uncommitted transactions, sometimes forwarding data between them to safely commit conflicting transactions. The evaluation of our prototype shows that DATM increases concurrency, for example by reducing the runtime of STAMP benchmarks by up to 39% and reducing transaction restarts by up to 94%.

关键词： Concurrent computing Programming profession Interleaved codes Random access memory Hardware Proposals Data structures Counting circuits multicore processing Software prototyping

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Affordable High-Performance Environment for Education in Undeveloped Regions

Affordable High-Performance Environment for Education in Und...

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2008 ieee international Symposium on IT in Medicine and Education(ITME 2008)

作者： Qingguo Zhou,Shuwei Bai,Chanjuan Li,Wei Zhang Distributed & Embedded System Lab(DSLab),Lanzhou University,P.R.China Engineering Research Center of Open Source Software and Real-Time systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,P.R.China

The paper will present a new intensive-computing environment for *** environment is different from the conventional high-performance platforms which are very expensive and isn't fit for normal education,especially from the poor *** adopts Cell system to build low level cluster,and the operating system for the cluster is gentoo linux OS,and the Cell SDK is used to build the development environment,and MPI adopted by the environment is Open-MPI,which is an open source MPI-2 *** system is a new kind of heterogeneous multi-core *** are nine cores in one *** node of the cluster is built by the ps3 which adopted the cell as the *** linux,Cell SDK and Open-MPI are released under GPL,which can be gotten easily by *** environment has many characters,such as low cost,high performance,easy building and maintenance,easy learning and development,and so on.

关键词： MPI Affordable High-Performance Environment for Education in Undeveloped Regions SDK

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Re-visiting the challenges of programmable concurrent architectures

Re-visiting the challenges of programmable concurrent archit...

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ieee international Conference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT)

作者： Patrick Lysaght Xilinx Inc. San Jose CA USA

Summary form only *** are the most successful example to date of programmable concurrent architectures. The 1980s saw the introduction of several kinds of concurrent processing arrays, ranging from fine-grained FPGAs to systolic arrays, to arrays of microprocessors. Of these, only FPGAs have enjoyed continuous commercial success. Now, however, with the end of the four-decade-old trend towards faster microprocessors, we are witnessing the revival of processor arrays. Due largely to concerns about power consumption multi-core, and indeed many-core architectures, are back at the forefront of system design. It is clear that we have the silicon resources and the circuit design skills to deliver semiconductor devices with highly concurrent programmable architectures and that the aggregate compute power of these arrays is impressive. What is not so straightforward is whether we now have the methodologies and automated tools to efficiently design systems of the complexity demanded by current and future markets. For example, we might enquire whether almost forty years of experience with microprocessors has made us any better prepared for the revival of many-core architectures. Paradoxically, the success of the uni-processor programming model may be the most significant impediment to our future success with highly concurrent, programmable architectures. Or taking an alternative perspective, we might ask whether we can benefit from over 25 years of experience of successfully deploying the programmable concurrency of FPGAs. In this talk, we will re-visit the challenges posed by programmable concurrent architectures and explore some of the assumptions underlying them in an effort to assess the potential of emergent solutions.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays Microprocessors Computer architecture Concurrent computing Systolic arrays Energy consumption Silicon Circuit synthesis Semiconductor devices Aggregates

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multi-Dimensional Dynamic Loop Scheduling Algorithms

Multi-Dimensional Dynamic Loop Scheduling Algorithms

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ieee international Conference on Cluster computing

作者： Chronopoulos, Anthony T. Ni, Lionel M. Penmatsa, Satish Univ Texas San Antonio Dept Comp Sci 1 UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Dept Comp Engn & Sci Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424413874

Distributed computing systems are a viable and less expensive alternative to parallel computers. However, a serious difficulty in concurrent programming of a distributed system is how to deal with scheduling and load balancing of such a system which may consist of heterogeneous computers. Loop scheduling schemes for parallel computers and computer clusters have been proposed in the past. All these schemes are one-dimensional because they partition only the outermost loop of a nested loop construct. In this work, we consider scheduling nested loops with many dimensions. We propose a new methodology which partitions many levels (or dimensions) of nested loops. These new schemes show superior performance over the existing schemes. We implement our new schemes on a network of computers and make performance comparisons with other existing schemes. We expect the new schemes to be particularly useful for multi-core systems because of the fine granularity of the generated tasks.

关键词： Scheduling

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Automotive software development for a multi-core system-on-a-chip

Automotive software development for a multi-core system-on-a...

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ICSE 2007 workshops: 4th international workshop on Software Engineering for Automotive systems, SEAS'07

作者： Kopetz, Hermann Obermaisser, Roman El Salloum, Christian Huber, Bernhard Vienna University of Technology Austria

ISBN: (纸本)0769529682

There are many economic and technical arguments for the reduction of the number of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) aboard a car. One of the key obstacles to achieve this goal is the limited composability, fault isolation and error containment of today's singleprocessor architectures. However, significant changes in the chip architecture are taking place in order to manage the synchronization, energy dissipation, and fault-handling requirements of emerging billion transistor SoCs (systems-on-a-chip). The single processor architecture is replaced by multi-core SoCs that communicate via networks-on-chip (NoC). These emerging multi-core SoCs provide an ideal execution environment for the integration of multiple automotive ECUs into a single SoC This paper presents a model-based software development method for designing applications using these multi-core SoCs. © 2007 ieee.

关键词： Software engineering

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Reflex autonomicity in an agent-based security system: The autonomic access control system

Reflex autonomicity in an agent-based security system: The a...

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4th ieee international workshop on Engineering of Autonomic and Autonomous systems

作者： Johnston, Sarah Eowyn Sterritt, Roy Hanna, Edward O'Hagan, Patricia Univ Ulster Comp Sci Res Inst Jordanstown Campus Coleraine BT52 1SA Londonderry North Ireland Core Syst Belfast Antrim North Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9780769528090

The application of the biological metaphor of the autonomic nervous system to computing has created the paradigm of Autonomic computing, in which computer systems self-regulate by using automatic reactions to defend, optimize and heal. Agent technologies have been highlighted in the literature as particularly appropriate for the development of autonomic systems. This paper reports on an investigation of the use of the autonomic concepts of reflex autonomicity and apoptosis in the development of a multi-agent system. Findings are discussed with reference to the use of the JADE agent platform for development.

关键词： fault tolerance autonomic systems autonomous systems biometrics security reaction prediction

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Handling datasets in a multi-relational environment: Cluster dispersion vs cluster purity

Handling datasets in a multi-relational environment: Cluster...

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4th ieee international workshop on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced computing systems

作者： Alfred, Rayner Kazakov, Dimitar Univ Malaysia Sabah SEIT Sabah 88999 Malaysia Univ York York YO10 5DD N Yorkshire England

ISBN: (纸本)9781424413478

Clustering multiple-instances in a multi-relational environment requires data transformations (e.g. data aggregation) from datasets stored in multiple tables into a single table. Unfortunately, most relational databases are limited to a few basic methods of aggregation (e.g. max, min, sum, count, ave) to aggregate continuous and categorical values. Therefore, data transformation is limited only to aggregation of continuous and categorical values. In this paper, to get the best number Of clusters, we propose a genetic semi-supervised clustering technique as a means of aggregating data stored in multiple tables. This algorithm is suitable for classification of datasets with a high degree of one-to-many associations, in which a single record has multiple instances that are associated with it. The clustering algorithm can be used in two ways. One is the unsupervised clustering, where the user may control the result of clustering by optimizing the value of cluster dispersion. The other is a semi-supervised clustering, where the user uses an unsupervised clustering method optimized with a genetic algorithm incorporating a measure of classification accuracy used in decision tree algorithm, the GINI index. In this paper, we examine both methods to dynamically cluster multiple instances, as a means of aggregating them, and illustrate the effectiveness of the semi-supervised genetic algorithm-based clustering technique.

关键词： data aggregation clustering semi-supervised clustering genetic algorithm relational data mining data pre-processin

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McGrid: Framework for optimizing grid middleware on multi-core processors

McGrid: Framework for optimizing grid middleware on multi-co...

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16th international Symposium on High Performance Distributed computing 2007, HPDC'07 and Co-Located workshops

作者： Bhowmik, Rajdeep Gupta, Chaitali Govindaraju, Madhusudhan Aggarwal, Aneesh Binghamton Binghamton

ISBN: (纸本)159593717X

The microprocessor industry is rapidly moving towards chip multi-processors (CMPs), commonly referred to as multi-core processors, where multiple cores can independently execute different threads. This change in computer architecture requires corresponding design modifications in programming paradigms, including grid middleware tools, to harness the opportunities presented by multi-core processors. Naive implementations of grid middleware on multi-core systems can severely impact performance because of limitations of shared bus bandwidth, cache size and coherency, and communication between threads. The goal of developing an optimized multi-threaded grid middleware for emerging multi-core processors will be realized only if researchers and developers have access to an in-depth analysis of the impact of several low level microarchitectural parameters on performance. None of the current grid simulators and emulators provide feedback at the microarchitectural level, which is essential for such an analysis. We describe the initial design and implementation of an emulation framework, multi-core Grid (McGrid), to analyze and provide insightful feedback on the performance limitations, bottlenecks, and optimization opportunities for grid middleware on multi-core systems. We describe early performance results of emulating the processing of some representative XML based grid documents on multi-core nodes using the McGrid framework. Copyright 2007 ACM.

关键词： Microprocessor chips

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