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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 2025年第1期6卷 382-390页

作者： Metha, Pritesh Anil Mikkili, Suresh Natl Inst Technol Goa Elect & Elect Engn Cuncolim 403703 Goa India

This article introduces an economical and real-time current measurement technique specifically designed for mosfet full bridge topology with both resistive and inductive loads. The diverse range of current sensing approaches underscores the significance of a careful selection process tailored to meet the specific needs of the application, taking into account factors such as cost, accuracy, space utilization, and efficiency. The proposed on-state current measurement scheme effectively reduces the current sensor's impact, minimizes power loss across the sensing element, and addresses cost and size considerations. In addition, the junction temperature is estimated by establishing a relationship between the mosfet drain pad temperature and coefficient "k." The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is validated on a printed circuit board under both resistive and inductive load conditions. The measurement results demonstrate close adherence of the on-state current to the reference current. Noteworthy is the minimal error observed in the case of an inductive load, with a recorded value of 0.06 A at a duty cycle of 10% and a frequency of 25 kHz.

关键词： MOSFET Temperature measurement Bridge circuits Resistors Current measurement Temperature sensors Junctions Current sensing junction temperature low power MOSFET full bridge ON-resistance (R-DS -on) ON-state current monitoring

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Flattop Modulation Technique for a Low-Device Count Single-Stage AC-DC DAB Converter to Improve Its Overall Efficiency

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2023年第2期11卷 1801-1814页

作者： Chambayil, Akhil Chattopadhyay, Souvik IIT Kharagpur Dept Elect Engn Kharagpur 721302 W Bengal India

This article proposes a flattop modulation technique for a single-stage, single-phase bidirectional ac-dc dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter for achieving a flattopped DAB inductor current. The flattopped DAB inductor current has a low root mean square (rms) value, and it improves the soft-switching performance of the converter. The novelty of the proposed technique is that it guarantees flattopped DAB inductor current throughout the ac line cycle and has direct control over the ac current. In this technique, sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) is performed at the ac side bridge for direct ac current control. Sinusoidal phase shift modulation is performed at the dc side to generate a bridge output voltage with a pulsewidth identical to the ac side bridge. The high-frequency (HF) transformer turns ratio is appropriately selected to match the voltages at the DAB inductor's ends. Thereby, flattop DAB inductor current is achieved throughout the line cycle. The proposed modulation technique ensures a regulated dc bus at the ac side and provides a ripple-free ac current by interleaving. The operation of the converter under the flattop modulation technique is analyzed in detail, and parameter design guideline is provided. Experimental results from a 2-kW converter prototype support the theoretical claims.

关键词： Modulation Bridge circuits Legged locomotion Voltage Topology Inductors Pulse width modulation Bidirectional ac-dc converter dual active bridge (DAB) electrolytic capacitorless flattop modulation single-stage

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All-Digital Integrated Variable-Frequency Variable-Duty-Cycle Modulator With Single-Element Resolution and Single-Cycle Convergence

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2023年第4期11卷 4270-4283页

作者： Urkin, Tom Peretz, Mor Mordechai Ben Gurion Univ Negev Ctr Power Elect & Mixed Signal IC Dept Elect & Comp Engn IL-8410501 Beer Sheva Israel

This article introduces a new architecture for an all-digital high-resolution (HR) variable-frequency variable-duty-cycle modulator for low-power and area-sensitive applications. Constructed through digital standard-cell delay-line (DL) and simple combinatorial logic, the modulator produces pulse width modulated signals with time-resolution of a single delay-element (DE) for both modulation parameters, thus making it a promising candidate for integration in hybrid controllers of high-frequency switched mode power supplies (SMPSs). Since the entire architecture is realized through standard cells, the solution also scales with fabrication technology and is described in hardware description language (HDL) which translates onto hardware using an automated process. The modulator has been designed on a 0.18-mu m 5-V CMOS process, totaling 0.18 mm(2) of silicon area as well as on an Altera V field programmable gate array (FPGA) to demonstrate the versatility of the architecture. Experimental results of the FPGA prototype are provided as well as post-layout simulations of the ASIC realization for a variety of mitigation sequences demonstrating single-cycle convergence and time-resolution of 220 and 200 ps, respectively, with excellent linearity characteristics.

关键词： ASIC delay line (DL) frequency hopping frequency modulation high resolution (HR) integrated circuits pulsewidth modulation (PWM)

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A New Modulation for Leakage Current Reduction of Modular Multilevel Converter

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2023年第1期11卷 722-731页

作者： Guo, Xiaoqiang Du, Senyu Xing, He Wang, Lichong Guerrero, Josep M. Yanshan Univ Elect Engn Dept Qinhuangdao 066000 Peoples R China Shenke Elect Co Ltd Shijiazhuang 052300 Peoples R China Aalborg Univ Dept Energy Technol Aalborg 9220 Denmark

Leakage current is an important problem in non-isolated inverters, especially implemented in a medium- and high-voltage system. First, several analyses had carried out to reduce the high-frequency component of common-mode voltage (CMV) and the leakage current of a three-phase modular multilevel converter (MMC). Then, a new modulation method is proposed to keep CMV as the half of dc voltage and suppress the leakage current effectively. The peak value of leakage current can be suppressed under 5 mA, which complies with the VDE-0126-1-1 standard. Meanwhile, the parasitic capacitor voltage can be balanced automatically without the additional capacitor voltage control. Finally, the proposed scheme is verified in MATLAB/Simulink and tested on the hardware-in-loop platform. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by the experiment results.

关键词： Leakage currents Modulation Inverters Voltage Bridge circuits Topology Power generation Common-mode voltage (CMV) leakage current modular multilevel converters (MMCs)

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A Resonant DC-Link Inverter and Its Voltage Compensation Strategy

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2023年第1期11卷 775-785页

作者： Song, Jiaxiang Chu, Enhui Wang, Wenwen Gao, Linyan Li, Jingjing Lin, Xiaoyang Northeastern Univ Coll Informat Sci & Engn Shenyang Peoples R China

In order to solve the output voltage loss problem caused by the zero-voltage notch of resonant dc-link (RDCL) inverter and improve system efficiency, this article proposes an RDCL inverter and its voltage compensation method. The topology of this auxiliary circuit is simpler, and the resonant current is separated from the load current by parallel auxiliary switch, which reduces the current stress of the main switches. At the same time, the method is based on the conventional sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation (SPWM);this method first calculates the operation time of the auxiliary circuit based on the magnitude of the phase current, second adjusts the position of the triangular carrier according to the calculation results, and finally generates the driving signals for early turn-on and delayed turn-off, which solves the voltage loss problem and improves the voltage utilization, the output voltage is the same as that of the ideal SPWM. The working principle, parameter design conditions, and voltage compensation method are analyzed in detail in the article. Finally, a 5-kW/16 kHz prototype is created with insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) as switching device, which verifies the novel resonant dc-link inverter and its modulation strategy is effective.

关键词： Voltage Capacitors RLC circuits Inductors Resonant inverters Topology Switches Loss of output voltage resonant dc-link (RDCL) Index Terms sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation (SPWM) soft switching voltage compensation

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A Droop-Based Adaptive Power Management System for Energy Storage Integration to DC Grid Using a Modified Dual Active Bridge Converter

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2023年第2期11卷 1639-1649页

作者： Mitra, Sanjib Kumar Karanki, Srinivas Bhaskar Indian Inst Technol Bhubaneswar Sch Elect Sci Bhubaneswar 752050 India

This article proposes an adaptive power management system (APMS) for energy storage integration to the dc grid using a modified dual active bridge (DAB) bi-directional dc-dc converter (BDC). The converter can achieve high voltage (HV) gain and zero voltage switching (ZVS) for a wide range of loading conditions with distributed voltage stress. An APMS is designed with a voltage droop control-based model reference adaptive control (MRAC). A reduced-order harmonic model of the converter is used for the APMS design. The proposed APMS does not require detailed knowledge of the system parameters and is also robust to uncertainty and multiple disturbances. The proposed converter and its control technique are verified in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. An experimental laboratory prototype is also developed for 500 W rating, and the results are presented to validate the system's efficacy by comparing it with conventional proportional-integral (PI) and sliding mode controllers.

关键词： Voltage control Adaptation models Mathematical models Windings Switches Load modeling Bridge circuits Adaptive power management system (APMS) dc-dc converter dual active bridge (DBA) converter energy storage integration model reference adaptive control (MRAC)

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A Modular Cascaded Multilevel Converter With High Configurability: Design, Analysis, and Optimization Study

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2023年第1期11卷 850-861页

作者： Hassanifar, Mahyar Nazarpour, Daryoush Golshannavaz, Sajjad Neyshabouri, Yousef Urmia Univ Fac Comp & Elect Engn Orumiyeh *** Iran

This article introduces a new modular cascaded multilevel inverter (MLI) that is composed of a cascaded connection of submodules (SMs). The combination of basic cells (BCs) with polarity changer H-bridge produces the SMs, which is the basis of the introduced inverter. Due to its high modularity, the proposed inverter can be extended to reach higher voltage levels. Hence, two extensions are suggested: 1) extension based on cascading more BCs within each SM and 2) extension based on cascading more SMs. Using a set of algorithms, the magnitude of dc voltage sources is determined to synthesize the proper ac-side voltage waveform. Furthermore, the proposed topology is optimized in different ways to achieve the desired purposes, such as maximizing the number of voltage levels, minimizing the number of switches and dc sources, and providing the least total standing voltage on the switches. Therefore, in each of the mentioned optimization goals, the optimal structure is obtained. A prototype of the presented MLI is defined and its performance is verified through several simulation studies in MATLAB/Simulink and experimental tests. Besides, a comprehensive comparison is made with the best performance of the existing alternatives to demonstrate the merits and superiorities of the proposed MLI.

关键词： Voltage Topology Switches Insulated gate bipolar transistors Driver circuits Optimization Costs Cascaded multilevel inverter (MLI) dc-ac power converters optimal structure reduced power components

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Modeling and Optimal Control of Modified Pulsewidth Modulation on Series Resonant-Based Dual Active Bridge

IEEE JOURNAL OF EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN INDUSTRIAL E...

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 2024年第3期5卷 908-916页

作者： Singh, Snigdha Samanta, Suvendu IIT Kanpur Elect Engn Kanpur 208016 India

This article presents a numerical analysis and performance comparison of different modulation techniques on the series resonant dual active bridge (SR-DAB). The SR-DAB is a widely accepted dc-dc converter that provides bidirectional power flow and is utilized in numerous applications. However, it suffers from issues, such as high reactive power circulation and loss of soft switching, during switch turn-on at nonunity voltage gain of the converter. The modulation techniques employed predominantly affect the performance and efficiency of SR-DAB. Thus, detailed analysis and comparison of different modulation techniques, such as single phase shift, extended phase shift, and dual phase shift, are performed on SR-DAB. A modified pulsewidth modulation (M-PWM) technique with optimal control is proposed to enhance performance, such as extended soft switching and reduced reactive power circulation. The control based on minimum current trajectory (MCT) is implemented to optimize and achieve maximum efficiency of the M-PWM technique with SR-DAB. The numerical analysis and performance comparison are verified using simulation results. A prototype of 500 W is built, and experimental results are reported to verify the M-PWM with the MCT technique.

关键词： Modulation Switches Voltage Soft switching Reactive power Zero voltage switching Bridge circuits DC-DC converter dual active bridge (DAB) optimal control soft switching

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A Switched-Capacitor Multilevel Inverter With Modified Pulsewidth Modulation and Active DC-Link Capacitor Voltage Balancing

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2024年第2期12卷 1215-1229页

作者： Pal, Pradipta Kumar Jana, Kartick Chandra Siwakoti, Yam P. Ali, Jagabar Sathik Mohamed Blaabjerg, Frede Indian Sch Mines Indian Inst Technol Elect Engn Dept Dhanbad 826004 India Univ Technol Sydney Fac Engn & Informat Technol Sydney NSW 2007 Australia Prince Sultan Univ Renewable Energy Lab Riyadh 11586 Saudi Arabia Aalborg Univ Dept Energy Technol Aalborg Denmark

Although switched-capacitor (SC) multilevel inverters (MLIs) offer self-voltage balancing of flying capacitors and voltage gain higher than unity, the advantages come at the cost of high current stress and power loss in the SC circuit and dc source. Moreover, the voltage balancing is often restricted to a limited range of modulation indices. Another problem of MLIs with neutral-point clamped (NPC) front end is with dc-link capacitor voltage balancing under unbalanced load conditions, imploring sensor-based closed-loop control. This article proposes a unity gain five-level active-NPC SC-MLI with inrush charging current attenuation and actively balanced dc-link capacitor voltages under all load conditions and over the entire range of modulation index and power factor. The modified pulsewidth modulation (PWM) results in most switches operating at a low switching frequency, minimizing switching losses in the SC circuit. The proposed MLI attains a maximum efficiency of 98.04% at an output power of 510 W. Experiments on a 2 kVA laboratory prototype validate the theoretical analysis. Results from transformerless grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system show that the proposed MLI can inject power into the grid with a unity power factor under conditions of varying irradiance and provide the grid with reactive power as well.

关键词： Resonant power conversion switched capacitor (SC) circuits

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Research on Current Sharing Control Method Based on Duty Cycle Regulation for Interleaved Parallel LLC Resonant Converters

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2024年第4期12卷 3977-3985页

作者： Gao, Tian Sun, Gang Wang, Haoyue Gao, Longxiang Jia, Yetao Xue, Wei Yang, Yan Northwestern Polytech Univ Sch Elect Informat Xian 710072 Shaanxi Peoples R China

Due to the particular advantages of the LLC resonant converter (e.g., high-efficiency and high-power density), it has been widely applied in both energy and power areas. The interleaved parallel structure LLC resonant converter can reduce the output ripple of a single LLC resonant converter and improve the upper limit of power capacity. However, there always exist parameters deviation between the parallel modules. As a result, the interleaved paralleled LLC resonant converter inevitably experiences power imbalance in each transmission circuit. To solve the problem, a new current-sharing control method is proposed in this work. The proposed method takes the conditions required for zero-voltage switching (ZVS) soft-switching characteristics of LLC resonant converters into consideration and adjusts the duty cycle of driving signals of two interleaving parallel LLC resonant converters independently, further realizes the power equalization of two-phase resonant converters. Extensive simulations and measurements are performed. It is found that the current sharing control method can reduce the current imbalance from more than 20% to less than 3% when the resonant inductance of the two interleaved LLC resonant converter deviates by 6.4% and the resonant capacitance deviates by 9.1%.

关键词： Resonant converters RLC circuits MOSFET Zero voltage switching Resonant frequency Frequency conversion Rectifiers Current sharing control interleaved LLC resonant converter PWM zero-voltage switching (ZVS)

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