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Frequency Division Multiplexing-Based Power/Signal Synchronous Transmission Strategy for IPOS-DAB DC/DC Converters

ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2024年第4期12卷 3290-3301页

作者： Li, Mingxue Yu, Dongsheng Yu, Samson Shenglong Geng, Hua China Univ Min & Technol Sch Elect Engn Xuzhou 221116 Peoples R China Deakin Univ Sch Engn Burwood Vic 3125 Australia Tsinghua Univ Dept Automat Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

Modular input-parallel-output-series dual active bridge (IPOS-DAB) dc/dc converters have been frequently used in electric vehicles, energy routers, and other fields due to their high control flexibility, bidirectional operations, and high power density. Reliable communication is the basis for secure and stable power conversion, but the multimodule system faces many types of communication security threats. In an attempt to address this issue, a frequency division multiplexing (FDM)-based power/signal synchronous transmission (PSST) strategy realized by IPOS-DAB converters is proposed in this article. The dc power bus is utilized as a multiplexed signal transmission medium to realize high power and high bit-rate signal synchronous transmission. The constraints of IPOS-DAB converters with different switching frequencies are derived, together with the peak-to-peak value and fundamental amplitude of output voltage ripples. Then, the expression of the sending signals for the proposed FDM-based PSST strategy is obtained, and signals can be demodulated under a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) according to the sign of the designed demodulation criterion based on the coherent demodulation. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated by experimental results in steady-state and transient operations.

关键词： Modulation Switching frequency Demodulation Bridge circuits Frequency conversion Switches Power conversion Frequency division multiplexing (FDM) modular input-parallel-output-series dual active bridge (IPOS-DAB) dc/dc converter power/signal synchronous transmission (PSST)

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A Comprehensive Optimization Strategy of DAB Converter With Minimal Current Stress and Full Soft Switching in the Whole Operating Range

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2024年第1期12卷 129-142页

作者： Zhang, Yao Zong, Jiaxing Zhang, Fan Li, Xinghao Wei, Yuqi Ma, Hao Hangzhou Dianzi Univ Sch Automat Hangzhou 310018 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Coll Elect Engn Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Univ Illinois Urbana Champaign ZJU U Haining 314400 Peoples R China

Dual active bridge (DAB) converter has been widely used in electric vehicles (EVs) with the advantages of its simple structure and high performance. Traditional optimization strategies based on triple phase shift (TPS) of DAB cannot optimize both soft switching and current stress. To overcome this challenge, a comprehensive optimization strategy based on TPS (TPS-CO) adapted to the whole operating range is proposed in this article. The power range, current stress, and soft-switching features for TPS are detailed, and the mathematical model of TPS-CO is established. Accordingly, the optimal path method for seeking the minimal current stress in zero voltage switching (ZVS) region over full-power range is proposed. Therein, it solves the problem of zero current switching (ZCS) operation of TPS at light loads and significantly extends the ZVS range. The proposed strategy is implemented through closed-loop control. Finally, experimental results on a 1.6-kW laboratory prototype demonstrate the significant efficiency advantages of the proposed TPS-CO strategy of the DAB converter with widely varying voltage ratios and full-power range compared with the conventional strategies, and the peak efficiency can be promoted up to 2% at light loads as reported in the experimental statistics.

关键词： Zero voltage switching Stress Optimization Inductance Switches Phase modulation Bridge circuits Dual active bridge (DAB) converter minimal current stress optimal path triple shift phase (TPS) control zero voltage switching (ZVS)

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Unified Modeling, Analysis, and Design of Isolated Bidirectional CLLC Resonant DC-DC Converters

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2022年第2期10卷 2305-2318页

作者： Li, Xiaoqiang Huang, Jinwei Ma, Yongchao Wang, Xintan Yang, Jiafeng Wu, Xiaojie China Univ Min & Technol Sch Elect & Power Engn Xuzhou 221116 Jiangsu Peoples R China

Due to the bidirectional power transmission, high power density, and high efficiency, bidirectional CLLC resonant converters are attracting more and more research attention in electric vehicles and energy storage systems. However, the existing models are difficult to unify the bidirectional circuits to analyze and design the circuit factors, and thus the parameter design approach and bidirectional synchronous rectification (SR) become rather complex and cumbersome. Especially in asymmetric parameter design, a lot of calculations or iterations are needed, which seriously increase the difficulty of design. To address this concern, a bidirectional unified modeling, analysis, and design method is proposed in this article. By selecting appropriate and quantitative bidirectional circuit factors, this model unifies the forward and reverse circuits and establishes the relationship between them, which greatly simplifies the calculation or iteration of the parameter design and the complexity of bidirectional SR. In addition, this parameter design method makes the bidirectional gain reach a higher range and reduces the range of bidirectional switching frequency. Finally, this unified modeling, analysis, and design method is verified in bidirectional CLLC resonant converters including symmetrical full-bridge, asymmetrical full-bridge, symmetrical half-bridge, and asymmetrical half-bridge CLLC, respectively.

关键词： Resonant converters Bridge circuits Design methodology RLC circuits Switches Integrated circuit modeling Analytical models Asymmetric parameter design bidirectional CLLC resonant converter forward and reverse circuit factors synchronous rectification (SR) unified modeling

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Analysis and Design of a Modular Switched Capacitor Converter With Adjustable Output Voltage in DC Microgrid

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ieee journal on emerging and selected topics in circuits and systems 2022年第1期12卷 232-241页

作者： Han, Shouheng Wang, Yijie Guan, Yueshi Xu, Dianguo Harbin Inst Technol Sch Elect Engn & Automat Harbin 150000 Peoples R China

A high conversion ratio, high efficiency and miniaturized switching power supply converter is an important part of DC microgrid. Switched capacitors have been widely used in low-power voltage conversion applications, for small size, light weight, high efficiency, etc. Due to the structural characteristics of the switched capacitor topology, the transformation ratio of the circuit cannot be adjusted continuously. In response to this need, some control methods are proposed, most of which require more complicated control circuits or parameter design. A modular switched capacitor converter with adjustable output voltage is proposed in this paper. The topology can be modularized as required. More switched capacitor module provides higher output power and higher efficiency. More voltage regulating module provides wider output adjustment range. Its control method is simple and can be expanded to a high-power power supply as needed. The advantages of small size and high efficiency of switched capacitor topology are also retained. A 4 to 1 prototype with 12V output is built to verify the proposed topology. The peak efficiency of the prototype is 95.34% and the full load efficiency is 93.82%.

关键词： Topology Switches Voltage Capacitors Prototypes Switching circuits Voltage control DC microgrid switched capacitor converter DC-DC power converter modular design output adjustable converter

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Matrix Converter Based on Trapezoidal Current Injection

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2023年第2期11卷 1788-1800页

作者： Lei, Jiaxing Huang, Xinlin Wheeler, Patrick Xia, Yihui Zhao, Jianfeng Chen, Wu Southeast Univ Sch Elect Engn Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Jiangsu Prov Key Lab Smart Grid Technol & Equipme Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Univ Nottingham Dept Elect & Elect Engn Nottingham NG7 2RD England Navy Univ Engn Sch Elect Engn Wuhan 430032 Peoples R China

The matrix converter (MC) is a direct ac-ac power converter featuring high power density and high efficiency. However, the conventional MC (CMC) topologies require high control complexity and high transistor capacity, hindering the wide applications. An emerging MC topology (3CI-MC) based on the third-harmonic current injection (3CI) reduces the control complexity, but requires more transistors and a complex clamping circuit. This article proposes the trapezoidal current injection (TCI) technique to form a novel MC topology (TCI-MC), which consists of a line-commutated converter (LCC), a TCI circuit, and a voltage source converter (VSC). Compared with the 3CI-MC, the proposed TCI-MC not only maintains the advantages of simple modulation and independent voltage control but also achieves lower current stress on the LCC part of the circuit. The total transistor capacity (TTC) of the proposed TCI-MC is the lowest among all the considered MC topologies. The clamping circuit is also simplified and the bidirectional switches are eliminated, reducing the implementation cost. Simulation and experimental results have verified the validity of the proposed topology.

关键词： Topology Integrated circuits Transistors Rectifiers Power electronics Matrix converters Clamps AC-AC converters current stress harmonic current injection matrix converters (MCs)

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Investigation on Optimal Switching Oscillation Suppression for SiC MOSFET by Inductively Coupled Damping

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2023年第1期11卷 667-678页

作者： Li, Jiawen Yang, Xin Xu, Mengwei Ding, Yifei Wang, Lei Wang, Jun Jiangxi Elect Vocat & Tech Coll Dept Elect Power Engn Nanchang 330032 Peoples R China Hunan Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Changsha 410082 Peoples R China State Grid Jiangsu Elect Power Co Ltd Suzhou 215004 Peoples R China

SiC MOSFET has been revolutionizing power electronics but producing more severe switching oscillation due to its inherent faster switching speed and lower damping characteristics. The inductively coupled damping approach is promising since no additional circuit element is inserted into the power processing loop. Thus, reliability of this inductively coupled fashion is higher compared to other existing snubbers. However, prior-art analytical design techniques are mainly based on scrutinizing the peak impedance and only discussed under a certain specific coupling, which limited its suppression effect. In this article, by viewing from the terminals of both upper and lower SiC MOSFETs in a half-leg circuit, two-port networks are linearized from switching oscillation and developed to deduce the exact characteristic equations. Then, the optimal snubber configuration along with two key parameters, i.e., the inductance factor and the secondary resistance, are determined via the root locus method. It is revealed that the damping effect of RL in the strong coupling region is even better than that of the secondary RLC resonator. What is more, applying the coupled RL damping circuit could not only remarkably dampen the switching oscillations, but also greatly lower switching losses. Finally, discussion on selecting the optimal snubber parameters is illustrated in detail.

关键词： Oscillators Damping RLC circuits MOSFET Snubbers Switching circuits Switches Inductively coupled damping root locus SiC MOSFET switching loss switching oscillation

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Modeling-Based Optimization of a Single-Photon Avalanche Diode: Towards Integrated Quantum Photonics Devices Operating at Room-Temperature

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ieee journal OF selected topics IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 2025年第5期31卷

作者： Kim, Eo-Jin Choi, Hyun-Seung Eom, Doyoon Kim, Joo-Hyun Zheng, Ping Toh, Eng-Huat Quek, Elgin Kandasamy, Deepthi Chow, Yew Tuck Choi, Woo-Young Lee, Myung-Jae Yonsei Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Seoul 03722 South Korea Korea Inst Sci & Technol Postsilicon Semicond Inst Seoul 02792 South Korea GlobalFoundries Singapore Pte Ltd Singapore 738406 Singapore

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are emerging as a cost-effective and practical alternative to superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs), especially for integrated quantum photonics. While SNSPDs exhibit excellent performance such as fast response time and high detection efficiency, their reliance on a cryogenic cooling system results in high cost and power consumption as well as limited suitability for portable devices. In contrast, SPADs can operate at room temperature, eliminating the need for a bulky cooling system and significantly reducing the overall cost. Compared to SNSPDs, however, further optimization of SPAD performance is highly required. In this paper, the SPAD guard-ring (GR) structure is optimized with accurate SPAD device modeling and TCAD simulation, aiming to enhance their suitability for integrated quantum photonics applications. It is demonstrated that the GR-optimized SPAD can reduce internal series resistance and extend its avalanche multiplication region. As a result, the avalanche multiplication region is expanded by approximately 20%, and the peak photon detection probability at a wavelength of 425 nm is increased by 48% . This improvement is achieved while maintaining a low dark count rate of 3.9 cps/mu m(2) at an excess bias voltage of 3 V. Additionally, the reduced series resistance enables an increase in current gain and a faster slew rate, which results in much lower timing jitter.

关键词： Single-photon avalanche diodes Resistance Integrated circuit modeling Photonics Mathematical models Equivalent circuits Optimization Junctions Timing jitter Analytical models Detector device optimization diode equivalent circuit model integrated quantum photonics modeling optical sensing optical sensor photodetector quantum applications quantum key distribution (QKD) single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) single-photon detector TCAD simulation

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Improved and Time-Efficient Harmonic Model of Induction Motor Considering Iron Nonlinearity

IEEE JOURNAL OF EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN INDUSTRIAL E...

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 2025年第1期6卷 146-156页

作者： Kumar, Rajendra Stachl, Tim Fatima, Areej Li, Ze Byczynski, Glenn Kar, Narayan C. Univ Windsor Ctr Hybrid Automot Res & Green Energy CHARGE ECE Dept Windsor ON N9B3P4 Canada Nemak USA CAN Windsor ON N9C 2L1 Canada

Comprehensive implementation of magnetic nonlinearity with Fourier-based modeling poses critical challenges of convergence, rigging, and time and space complexities. The proposed model puts forward an alternate analytical method to consider the magnetic nonlinearities of all the motor segments. The formulation employed to develop the model attempts the implications of saturation and magnetic nonlinearities to incorporate them in the form of geometry modulation. The implementation does not correspond to any domain extension or magnetic vector-potential dependent term and, hence, does not endure the rank deficiency with infinitely permeable iron. The estimation accuracy of the model is demonstrated by evaluating the performance of a four-pole medium-scale laboratory prototype of a squirrel cage induction motor for a wide range of magnetic loading. Comparing the results obtained with the proposed method, finite element analysis, and measurements, it is observed that the proposed formulation enables the subdomain to achieve reasonable accuracy.

关键词： Saturation magnetization Motors Magnetic flux Permeability Iron Magnetic domains Magnetic circuits Magnetic hysteresis Accuracy Rotors Analytical harmonic model induction machine magnetic nonlinearity performance evaluation yoke saturation

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A Closed-Loop High-Frequency Current Shaping Method to Achieve Trapezoidal Transformer Current in a Current-Fed Dual Active Half-Bridge Converter for Minimum RMS Current and Wide-Range ZVS

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2023年第2期11卷 1943-1952页

作者： Chattopadhyay, Souvik Bharath, T. Samanta, Sayan IIT Kharagpur Dept Elect Engn Kharagpur 721302 W Bengal India

This article proposes the use of primary and secondary side duty ratio control along with the phase shift control in a current-fed dual active half-bridge (DAHB) converter to achieve trapezoidal transformer current, which results in zero voltage switching (ZVS) of all the switches and minimum rms current even at light loads, for a wide range of input voltage. The high-frequency transformer current is directly sensed at specific transition instants by a delay-adjusted sampling strategy to be used as control variables in a current control structure. This is better because the voltage control of capacitor voltages would have required more expensive sensors. A simple and accurate small-signal model of the converter is developed, and the relevant transfer functions are derived. The controller design details are provided. Finally, experimental results on a 1-kW laboratory prototype demonstrate the effectiveness of the closed-loop duty ratio control in achieving trapezoidal transformer current resulting in improved efficiency and ZVS of the switches, compared to a simple phase shift control.

关键词： Voltage control Bridge circuits Sensors Zero voltage switching Current transformers Computational modeling Capacitors Current-fed dual active half bridge (current-fed DAHB) efficiency soft-switching three degree of freedom (DOF) control trapezoidal transformer current

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Neural Speech Coding for Real-Time Communications Using Constant Bitrate Scalar Quantization

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ieee journal OF selected topics IN SIGNAL PROCESSING 2024年第8期18卷 1462-1476页

作者： Brendel, Andreas Pia, Nicola Gupta, Kishan Behringer, Lyonel Fuchs, Guillaume Multrus, Markus Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Circuits IIS Erlangen Fraunhofer IIS D-91058 Erlangen Germany

Neural audio coding has emerged as a vivid research direction by promising good audio quality at very low bitrates unachievable by classical coding techniques. Here, end-to-end trainable autoencoder-like models represent the state of the art, where a discrete representation in the bottleneck of the autoencoder is learned. This allows for efficient transmission of the input audio signal. The learned discrete representation of neural codecs is typically generated by applying a quantizer to the output of the neural encoder. In almost all state-of-the-art neural audio coding approaches, this quantizer is realized as a Vector Quantizer (VQ) and a lot of effort has been spent to alleviate drawbacks of this quantization technique when used together with a neural audio coder. In this paper, we propose and analyze simple alternatives to VQ, which are based on projected Scalar Quantization (SQ). These quantization techniques do not need any additional losses, scheduling parameters or codebook storage thereby simplifying the training of neural audio codecs. For real-time speech communication applications, these neural codecs are required to operate at low complexity, low latency and at low bitrates. We address those challenges by proposing a new causal network architecture that is based on SQ and a Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) representation. The proposed method performs particularly well in the very low complexity and low bitrate regime.

关键词： Codecs Bit rate Training Speech coding Audio coding Quantization (signal) Complexity theory Vectors Real-time systems Representation learning Discrete representation learning low complexity neural speech coding quantization real-time

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