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Accelerated Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) Equivalent Model of Solid-State Transformer

ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2022年第4期10卷 3721-3732页

作者： Gao, Chenxiang Feng, Moke Ding, Jiangping Zhang, Hang Xu, Jianzhong Zhao, Chengyong Li, Zixin Li, Gen North China Elect Power Univ NCEPU State Key Lab Alternate Elect Power Syst Renewabl Beijing Peoples R China Guangzhou Power Supply Bur Co Ltd Guangzhou 510620 Guangdong Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Elect Engn Key Lab Power Elect & Elect Dr Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 10049 Peoples R China Cardiff Univ Sch Engn Cardiff CF24 3AA Wales

Accurate and efficient electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation of various types of solid-state transformers (SSTs) is extremely time-consuming due to the complex module structure, flexible topology connections, large number of electrical nodes, and simulation time steps limited in the range of microseconds. Therefore, it is urgent to develop the EMT equivalent modeling and fast simulation of SSTs for system-level studies. Taking the modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based SST as an example, this article proposes an accelerated EMT model, which focuses on the equivalence of the dual-active-bridge (DAB)-based high-frequency link (HFL) in the SST. Compared with the existing algorithms, two critical factors of the proposed method that contribute the most to the efficiency improvement are the preprocessing of the nodal admittance equation and the conversion of the short-circuit admittance parameters. The proposed model is verified in PSCAD/EMTDC by comparing it with the detailed EMT model. The results show that the accelerated model is one-to-two orders of magnitude faster than the detailed model without sacrificing accuracy. The experiment validation also confirms the validity of the proposed model.

关键词： Mathematical model Admittance Bridge circuits Solid modeling Power electronics Load modeling Integrated circuit modeling Accelerated equivalent model (EM) electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation parameter conversion preprocessing solid-state transformer (SST)

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RL-ANN-Based Minimum-Current-Stress Scheme for the Dual-Active-Bridge Converter With Triple-Phase-Shift Control

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2022年第1期10卷 673-689页

作者： Tang, Yuanhong Hu, Weihao Xiao, Jian Lu, Zhengdong Li, Zhuoqiang Huang, Qi Chen, Zhe Blaabjerg, Frede Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Mech & Elect Engn Power Syst Wide Area Measurement & Control Sichua Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Informat & Commun Engn Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Yangtze Delta Reg Inst Quzhou Quzhou 324000 Peoples R China United Automot Elect Syst Co Ltd Shanghai 201206 Peoples R China Aalborg Univ Dept Energy Technol DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark

Aiming to reduce the current stress and improve the power efficiency of the dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter, this article proposes a reinforcement learning (RL) + artificial neural network (ANN)-based minimum-current-stress scheme. In the first stage, Q-learning as a typical algorithm of the RL method is adopted for offline training. The aim of the first stage is to solve the optimized control strategy based on the triple-phase-shift (TPS) control. More specifically, the zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) constraints and each effective operation mode are taken into consideration during the training process of the Q-learning algorithm. Therefore, the minimum-current-stress scheme while maintaining the soft switching can be obtained after the first stage. In the second stage, the training results of the Q-learning algorithm are used to train an ANN, in order to reduce the computational time and memory allocation. After that, the trained agent of the ANN, which likes an implicit function, can provide optimal phase-shift-angle online in real time under the entire continuous operation range. Finally, the detailed simulation and experimental results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimized scheme.

关键词： Optimization Zero voltage switching Training Power electronics Artificial neural networks Stress Bridge circuits Artificial neural networks (ANNs) current stress Q-learning reinforcement learning (RL) triple phase shift (TPS)

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Implementation and Analysis of a Novel Switched-Boost Common-Ground Five-Level Inverter Modulated With Model Predictive Control Strategy

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2022年第1期10卷 731-744页

作者： Barzegarkhoo, Reza Khan, Shakil Ahamed Siwakoti, Yam P. Aguilera, Ricardo P. Lee, Sze Sing Khan, Md Noman Habib Univ Technol Sydney UTS Sch Elect & Data Engn Sydney NSW 2007 Australia Newcastle Univ Dept Elect Engn Singapore 567739 Singapore

Common-ground (CG) string inverters with a transformerless (TL) circuit configuration have been broadly popular in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) applications. The most important feature of a PV string TL inverter with a CG circuit connection is the elimination of leakage current concerns. Having the voltage boosting property within a single power processing stage can also be propitious to further facilitate the integration of low-scale PV string panels with higher efficiency. An efficient topology of such converters is presented in this study, which is able to produce a five-level stair-case output voltage waveform using an integrated switched-boost (SB) cell with only seven power switches. The proposed SB common grounded five-level (SBCG5L)-TL inverter can also be extended for the three-phase CG-based applications with the contribution of the same integrated SB cell. As for the single-phase configuration, it needs two dc-link capacitors and two power diodes along with two small inductors. A quasi-soft charging operation of the involved capacitors is also achieved. To control the injected current under the grid-connected condition, a single-step model predictive control (MPC) technique with a fixed switching frequency operation has also been presented. The proposed circuit description, the theoretical analysis of the applied MPC principles, and the comparative study with associated experimental results are also presented to ascertain the correctness and feasibility of the proposed SBCG5L-TL inverter.

关键词： Inverters Capacitors Switches Topology Leakage currents Inductors Switching circuits Common-grounded soft charging operation switched-boost (SB) module transformerless (TL) inverter

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An Embedded Communication Method for In-Home Energy Routers With Power/Signal Dual Modulation

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2022年第5期10卷 5553-5563页

作者： Wang, Ruichi Chen, Guipeng Chen, Jinghui Wu, Jiande Li, Wuhua Ding, Shuye Lin, Zhengyu He, Xiangning Nanjing Normal Univ Sch Elect & Automat Engn Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China Loughborough Univ Wolfson Sch Mech Elect & Mfg Engn Loughborough LE11 3TT Leics England Xiamen Univ Sch Aerosp Engn Xiamen 361005 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Coll Elect Engn Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China

This article proposes a novel embedded communication strategy for in-home energy routers (IHERs). It is based on the power/signal dual modulation (PSDM) principle and applied in the small-scale community energy local area network (E-LAN). The proposed communication strategy multiplexes power converters as data transmitters, and thus high cooperation and synchronization between power flow and information flow are achieved. In addition, system reliability is enhanced since communication module has practically the same reliability as the power module. A typical IHER's structure and operation principles are presented, based on which the detailed design of embedded communication is proposed. For distributed power management of community E-LAN, both intra-IHER communication and inter-IHERs communication are involved, and their channels are modeled mathematically. IHER interconnection interface converters (IICs) play a significant role in power exchange between IHERs, and their operation modes are analyzed in detail. Finally, an experimental prototype is built to validate the feasibility of the proposed method.

关键词： Integrated circuits Modulation Reliability Power electronics Power system management Transmitters Multichip modules Embedded communication energy local area network (E-LAN) in-home energy router (IHER) power signal dual modulation (PSDM)

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A Modular Switching Position With Voltage-Balancing and Self-Powering for Series Device Connection

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2021年第3期9卷 3501-3516页

作者： Jones, Vinson Fantino, Roberto A. Balda, Juan Carlos Univ Arkansas Dept Elect Engn Fayetteville AR 72701 USA

Medium-voltage converters, especially those making use of SiC devices, require high common-mode voltage immunity and resilience against associated high dv/dt across multiple isolation barriers. A truly modular and common-mode immune switching position could be beneficial for these applications. The design of a modular switching position is presented here for a series connection of power semiconductors with voltage-balancing and self-powered-gate capabilities. The designs of the voltage-balancing and self-powered circuits are described, followed by simulations and testing of a 3.3-kV switching position formed by two 1.7-kV SiC MOSFETs in series. Testing results demonstrate the ability of the proposed switching position to balance the voltage across series-connected MOSFETs even if the gate signals of the series-connected devices are not perfectly synchronized while powering themselves directly from the OFF-state voltage across them. In addition, a startup circuit for the switching position is proposed and experimentally confirmed.

关键词： Logic gates Optical switches Switching circuits RLC circuits Power supplies Silicon carbide Snubbers Power conversion power transistors snubbers

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Design Architecture for Continuous-Time Control of Dual Active Bridge Converter

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2021年第3期9卷 3287-3295页

作者： Das, Dhiman Mishra, Sukumar Singh, Bhim IIT Delhi Dept Elect Engn New Delhi 110016 India

The dual active bridge (DAB) is one of the useful interfaces for the bidirectional power exchange between two buses with galvanic isolation. In this article, a design framework is given in the analog domain that completely fulfills the operational features of a DAB under phase angle modulation. This is a cost-effective solution with configurable control parameters and easy to implement using well-established semiconductor integrated circuit (IC). Moreover, it provides an efficient way to study the behavior of power converters. A closed-loop control for bidirectional power exchange is established. For that, a control-to-output current transfer function is derived analytically considering the dc and first-order harmonic terms and verified experimentally. A small scale laboratory prototype of DAB is set up for the validation of the concept. It is shown that the design architecture has the facility for supervisory control that is useful for battery charging/discharging, microgrid application, etc.

关键词： Bridge circuits Load flow Integrated circuits Logic gates Power markets Phase modulation Bidirectional control Bidirectional converter continuous time design framework dual active bridge (DAB) phase shift modulation

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Modulation Strategy and Controller for Grid-Tied Trinary Hybrid Multilevel Inverter

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2021年第1期9卷 539-548页

作者： Vivert, Miguel E. Patino, Diego Diez, Rafael Pontificia Univ Javeriana Dept Elect Engn Bogota 110231 Colombia Univ Tecn Norte Fac Appl Sci Engn Ibarra 100105 Ecuador

This article deals with the modulation and control of a trinary hybrid multilevel inverter (THMI), which is a cascade multilevel converter that maximizes the number of levels per full-bridge. The modulation presented defines the duty cycle of switches as piecewise functions of the desired output voltage, minimizing the processing time. In order to control this converter, it is modeled as a linear system with bounded disturbance. A quasi-sliding mode control (QSMC) is designed, simulated, and experimentally verified for the THMI operating in grid-tie mode obtaining better results when compared to a classic proportional-integral (PI) controller.

关键词： Inverters Switches Bridge circuits Topology Pulse width modulation Current control inverters linearization techniques modulation sliding mode control

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Assessing the Effectiveness of Different Test Approaches for Power Devices in a PCB

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2021年第3期9卷 3671-3685页

作者： Piumatti, Davide Borlo, Stefano Reorda, Matteo Sonza Bojoi, Iustin Radu Politecn Torino Dipartimento Automat & Informat DAUIN I-10129 Turin Italy Politecn Torino Dipartimento Energia DENERG I-10129 Turin Italy

Power electronic systems using printed circuit boards (PCBs) are broadly used in many applications, including some safety-critical ones. Several standards (e.g., ISO26262 for the automotive sector and DO-178 for avionics) mandate the adoption of effective test procedures for all electronic systems. However, the metrics to be used to compute the effectiveness of the adopted test procedures are not so clearly defined for power devices and systems. In the past years, some commercial fault simulation tools (e.g., DefectSim by Mentor Graphics and TestMAX by Synopsys) for analog circuits have been introduced, together with some new fault models. With these new tools, systematic analog fault simulation finally became practically feasible. The aim of this article is twofold: first, we propose a method to extend the usage of the new analog fault models to power devices, thus allowing to compute a fault coverage figure for a given test. Second, we adopt the method on a case study, for which we quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of some test procedures commonly used at the PCB level for the detection of faults inside power devices. A typical power supply unit (PSU) used in industrial products, including power transistors and power diodes, is considered. The analysis of the gathered results shows that using the new method we can identify the main points of strength/weakness of the different test solutions in a quantitative and deterministic manner and pinpoint the faults escaping to each one.

关键词： Circuit faults Biological system modeling Fault diagnosis Power electronics Measurement Analog circuits Computational modeling End-of-manufacturing test fault coverage (FC) fault models functional test in-circuit test incoming inspection test power electronics printed circuit board (PCB) test

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Dual-Hiding Side-Channel-Attack Resistant FPGA-Based Asynchronous-Logic AES: Design, Countermeasures and Evaluation

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ieee journal on emerging and selected topics in circuits and systems 2021年第2期11卷 343-356页

作者： Chong, Kwen-Siong Ng, Jun-Sheng Chen, Juncheng Lwin, Ne Kyaw Zwa Kyaw, Nay Aung Ho, Weng-Geng Chang, Joseph Gwee, Bah-Hwee Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore

We present a side-channel-attack (SCA) resistant asynchronous-logic (async-logic) Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) accelerator with dual-hiding SCA countermeasures, i.e. the amplitude moderation (vertical dimension) and the time moderation (horizontal dimension). There are five contributions in this paper. First, we propose an async-logic design flow with relative timing to simplify the AES realization in Field-Programmable-Gate-Array (FPGA). Second, we optimize completion detection circuits therein to achieve a low power/overhead solution. Third, we propose a randomized delay-line control and a data-propagation control to amplify the dual-hiding SCA countermeasures for our async-logic AES accelerator. Fourth, we validate the async-logic design flow based on two commercially-available Sakura-X and Arty-A7 FPGA boards. Fifth, we comprehensively evaluate 74 SCA attacking models for our async-logic AES accelerator on these two boards, and compare the results against a benchmarking AES based on synchronous-logic (sync-logic). We show that our async-logic AES accelerator is unbreakable within 1 million electromagnetic (EM) traces where the sync-logic counterpart is breakable within < 30K EM traces. To our best knowledge, our async-logic AES accelerator is the first async-logic AES design evaluated comprehensively at the first/last round, at various attacking locations (i.e. before/after Substitute-Box), and with various Hamming weight/distance, bit model, and zero-model of SCAs.

关键词： Latches Field programmable gate arrays Encryption Resistance Hardware Clocks Macrocell networks Advanced encryption standard (AES) asynchronous circuits cryptography data security design methodology encryption field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA) side-channel-attack (SCA)

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A Low Power Speech Recognition Processor with Precision Recoverable CRNN 16

A Low Power Speech Recognition Processor with Precision Reco...

引用

16th ieee International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology, ICSICT 2022

作者： Xue, AnFeng Yan, Han Zhang, RenYuan Wang, XueTao Zhang, Hao Cai, Hao Liu, Bo Southeast University School of Integrated Circuits Wuxi211189 China Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology Nanjing210096 China Southeast University School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing210096 China

ISBN: (数字)9781665469067

ISBN: (纸本)9781665469067

In this paper, Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN) is deployed in the speech recognition system for recognition of 5 keywords. We propose an 8-bits quantization scheme to quantize the weights and activations. Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP) to generate approximate multipliers is proposed to drastically reduce hardware power consumption with only 1.56% loss of accuracy. The proposed partial retraining method compensates for the loss of network accuracy caused by approximate computing, and can basically restore the accuracy to the initial level. Using process library for hardware verification based on synthesis, the proposed speech recognition system can reduce power consumption by 11.6%~24.7%, and reduce area by 10.2%~25.6% with accuracy loss is 0.29%~ 0.55%. © 2022 ieee.

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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