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Investigation of Switching Oscillations for Silicon Carbide MOSFETs in Three-Level Active Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverters

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2021年第4期9卷 4839-4853页

作者： Chen, Mengxing Pan, Donghua Wang, Huai Wang, Xiongfei Blaabjerg, Frede Aalborg Univ Dept Energy Technol DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark

This article investigates the multifrequency switching oscillations of silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs in three-level active neutral-point-clamped (3L-ANPC) inverters under three typical commutation modes (i.e., the full mode, outer mode, and inner mode). Multiple switching-oscillation components with various frequencies are identified theoretically for both the full- and outer-mode commutations, due to their switching-loop diversities. Oppositely, the inner mode exhibits a single oscillation component as only one switching loop is involved. Three types of double-pulse tests (DPTs) are conducted on a 3L-ANPC inverter demonstrator with SiC MOSFETs, and the switching-oscillation components are extracted accordingly, which match well with the theoretical derivations. Moreover, other switching characteristics closely related, i.e., the oscillation peaks, current overshoots, capacitive charges, and switching energies, are studied and benchmarked according to the DPT results. It is concluded that the full- and outer-mode commutations share similarities in terms of switching oscillations, current overshoots, capacitive charges, and turn-on energies. The theoretical findings from this work provide a comprehensive knowledge of the multifrequency oscillation mechanisms associated with fast-switched 3L-ANPC inverters. Accordingly, the critical parasitic components are identified, and specific design considerations are proposed to achieve switching-performance improvements.

关键词： Switches Silicon carbide MOSFET Oscillators Inverters Switching circuits Active neutral-point-clamped (ANPC) inverter double-pulse test (DPT) multifrequency switching oscillation silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET switching loops

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Steady-State and Transient DC Magnetic Flux Bias Suppression Methods for a Dual Active Bridge Converter

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2021年第1期9卷 744-753页

作者： Zhang, Bocheng Shao, Shuai Chen, Linglin Wu, Xinke Zhang, Junming Zhejiang Univ Coll Elect Engn Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Univ Nottingham Dept Elect & Elect Engn Nottingham NG7 2RD England

This article presents dc magnetic flux bias suppression methods for a dual active bridge (DAB) converter in both steady state and transient process. The steady-state dc offset is caused by asymmetries of the circuit and power switches in practice, while the transient offset is caused by the sudden update of phase shift ratio. This dc bias will increase the conduction losses, lead to loss of zero voltage switching (ZVS), and even saturate the magnetic components. To prevent this risk, this article proposes methods to suppress the dc bias both in steady state and transient process. For steady-state dc bias suppression, the duty cycles of square voltages generated by the primary and secondary side H-bridges are regulated according to the dc bias current. The conditions to achieve zero dc bias and the small-signal model to regulate the dc bias current are derived. For transient dc bias suppression, the phase shift ratio variation is limited to ensure the peak inductor current within the safe operating range. Tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) is employed to sense the currents, and an analog integration and sampling method is proposed to detect dc bias. Finally, the proposed method is verified through experimental results on a 3200-W DAB prototype.

关键词： Magnetic flux Steady-state Transient analysis Voltage control Inductors Circuit faults Bridge circuits Analog integration dual active bridge (DAB) duty cycle modulation magnetic flux bias peak current limit

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High-Frequency-Link Current Stress Optimization of Cascaded H-Bridge-Based Solid-State Transformer With Third-Order Harmonic Voltage Injection

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2021年第1期9卷 1027-1038页

作者： Hu, Yujie Li, Zixin Zhang, Hang Zhao, Cong Gao, Fanqiang Luo, Long Luan, Kedong Wang, Ping Li, Yaohua Chinese Acad Sci Inst Elect Engn Key Lab Power Elect & Elect Drive Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 10049 Peoples R China

Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) -based solid-state transformer (SST) consists of CHBs and dual active bridge (DAB) converters. Series-resonant DAB converters (SRCs) are widely used for its advantages of soft switching characteristic and simple control. However, the high-frequency-link (HFL) currents of SRCs contain double-line-frequency harmonic fluctuation in three-phase CHB-based SST, resulting in high current stress. In this article, the SRC is substituted with dc terminal dynamic equivalent circuit, and the analytical expression of the HFL current fluctuation is deduced. With consideration of third-order harmonic voltage injection (THVI), the HFL current fluctuation characteristics with this method are analyzed and the optimal amplitude and phase of the injected third-order harmonic voltage are derived, with which the HFL current stress can be minimized. Both the simulation and experiment results indicate that the HFL current stress of SRCs can achieve a reduction of about 20% with the optimized THVI method.

关键词： Capacitors Harmonic analysis Fluctuations Stress Equivalent circuits Power transformer insulation Power system harmonics Cascaded H-bridges (CHBs)-based solid-state transformers high-frequency-link (HFL) current envelope characterization optimization series-resonant dual active bridge (DAB) converters (SRCs) third-order harmonic voltage injection (THVI)

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DC-Link Busbar Network Design and Evaluation Method for the Large-Capacity Power Electronic Converter

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2021年第4期9卷 4137-4145页

作者： Liang, Zipeng Hu, Sideng Wang, Mingyang He, Xiangning Zhejiang Univ Coll Elect Engn Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China

For the dc-link busbar in a high-capacity converter, the large-size laminated busbar is not adoptable due to the machining difficulty and limitation in current capability. In contrast, the regular nonlaminated busbar solution guarantees the required power capacity with a lower cost and easier installation. The main challenges exist in the large stray inductance and corresponding resonance phenomenon. Related analysis and accurate synthesis theory have not been reported. In this article, a matrix analysis method is proposed for the formed multiport and high-order network in a dc-link busbar. First, the multiport interaction and coupling are mathematically derived based on the subnetwork admittance matrix combination. The multipeak resonance phenomena are explained in detail. Meanwhile, it is manifested that proposed matrix method can be applied with the positive and negative sequence current analysis. Then accurate resonate currents can be obtained under the nonsinusoidal busbar current consideration. Finally, a resonance current gain (RCG) value is formed for the quantitative capacitor current evaluation and busbar design guidance. Proposed design and evaluation method is verified in a 315-kW converter system. More than 49% resonant current in the capacitor gets depressed by the enhancement. Its effect is close to the laminated busbar solution.

关键词： Inductance Capacitors Impedance Bridge circuits Admittance Transmission line matrix methods Harmonic analysis Current harmonics dc-link busbar network high-capacity converter matrix analysis

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A 1-MHz Resonant LED Driver With Charge-Pump-Based Power Factor Correction

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2021年第5期9卷 5838-5850页

作者： Ammar, Ahmed M. Spliid, Frederik M. Nour, Yasser Knott, Arnold Tech Univ Denmark Dept Elect Engn DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark

This article presents the design and implementation of a resonant LED driver. The driver structure comprises a charge-pump-based power factor correction (PFC) converter and a class-DE dc-dc converter. The PFC converter uses a charge-pump circuit that achieves PFC inherently. The class-DE converter comprises a series-resonant tank and a high-frequency transformer. Both the converters share the same half-bridge and gate-driving circuit, resulting in an integrated-stage architecture. The inherent PFC operation limits the controller responsibility to the regulation of the output current. The overall converter operates with zero-voltage switching (ZVS) across the entire load range, allowing for increased switching frequencies with reduced switching losses. A 1-MHz prototype using wide bandgap (WBG) switching devices is built and tested. The prototype delivers up to 42 W of output power, with a power density of 1.8 W/cm(3). A power factor of 0.99 and a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 6% are achieved, with an efficiency of 90% at full load. The input current harmonic magnitudes are well within the IEC 61000-3-2 standard limits for class-C devices. Burst-mode (ON/OFF) modulation is used for output current regulation between 20 and 900 mA for dimming functionality.

关键词： Charge pumps Light emitting diodes Capacitors Switches Reactive power RLC circuits Switching frequency Charge pump LED drivers power factor correction (PFC) resonant power conversion zero-voltage switching (ZVS)

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Review of Resonant Gate Driver From the Perspective of Driving Energy and Time

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ieee journal OF emerging AND selected topics IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2021年第5期9卷 6344-6360页

作者： Peng, Hao Peng, Han Tong, Qiaoling Ding, Xinzhi Kang, Yong Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect & Elect Engn State Key Lab Adv Elect Engn & Technol AEET Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Opt & Elect Informat Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Yunnan Elect Power Test & Res Inst Grp Co Ltd Kunming 650217 Yunnan Peoples R China

Resonant gate driver (RGD) is a premium solution for driving power transistors in high-frequency and high-power-density applications, with the merits of much less power loss and more design freedoms in adjusting driving time. This article aims at providing a thorough review of RGDs and guidelines for constructing the most suitable RGDs under different design specifications. The classification of RGDs based on resonance characteristics is first proposed. It results in more straightforward, precise RGD categories without complex hierarchy, and cross coincidences. The dynamic energy distributions in the switching transients of each type of RGDs are deeply investigated, and energy utilization rates are concluded and compared. The key parameters affecting driving energy and driving time for each type of RGDs are further explored, as the resonant inductor, gate resistor, and initial inductor current. A top-down design approach is also summarized to guide the optimized RGD designs under different converter requirements.

关键词： Inductors Logic gates Gate drivers Topology Resistors Capacitors RLC circuits 1 2 period resonance mode 1 4 period resonance mode driving loss driving time energy distribution energy utilization rate resonant gate driver (RGD)

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Programmable Metamaterials for Software-Defined Electromagnetic Control: circuits, systems, and Architectures

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ieee journal on emerging and selected topics in circuits and systems 2020年第1期10卷 6-19页

作者： Abadal, Sergi Cui, Tie-Jun Low, Tony Georgiou, Julius Univ Politecn Cataluna NaNoNetworking Ctr Catalonia N3Cat ES-08034 Barcelona Spain Southeast Univ Sch Informat Sci & Engn Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Univ Minnesota Dept Elect & Comp Engn Minneapolis MN 55455 USA Univ Cyprus Dept Elect & Comp Engn CY-1678 Nicosia Cyprus

Metamaterials and their two-dimensional analogues, metasurfaces, have recently attracted enormous attention because of their powerful control over electromagnetic (EM) waves from microwave to visible range. Moreover, by introducing explicit control of its sub-wavelength unit cells, a metamaterial can become programmable. Programmable metamaterials may not only host multiple EM functionalities that can be chosen or combined through simple software directives, but also be provided with means to adapt to the environment or communicate with other metamaterials, thereby enabling a myriad of applications in sensing, imaging, or communications. The realization of such a software-driven cyber-physical vision comes, however, at the cost of significant hardware requirements. In this paper, recent progress in the field of programmable metasurfaces is reviewed, cutting across layers from the application down to the device and technology levels. The main aim is to present the current status, main benefits, and key challenges of this thriving research area with a tutorial spirit and from a hardware perspective.

关键词： Metamaterials Wireless communication circuits and systems Encoding Electromagnetics Imaging Radio frequency Programmable metamaterials programmable metasurfaces software-defined electromagnetic control cyber-physical systems embedded digital systems

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Graphical Analysis and Control of Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter Using Clarke Transformation with Neutral-Shift Strategy Under Non-Ideal Conditions

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ieee journal of emerging and selected topics in Power Electronics 2024年

作者： Lingom, P.M. Song-Manguelle, Joseph Libouga, Ideal O. Doumbia, Mamadou L. Agamloh, Emmanuel ENSET University of Douala Cameroon University of Ngaoundéré Cameroon Moscow Power Engineering Institute Technical University Moscow Russia St. Petersburg State Technical University St. Petersburg Russia

This paper proposes a graphical approach using a 3D space vector representation to diagnose the unbalanced operation of a three-phase cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter operating under non-ideal conditions. Under ideal conditions, the application of the Clarke transformation to the inverter voltage phasor results in a circular trajectory within the stationary and orthogonal (αβ)-frame, enabling the inverter to supply balanced three-phase phase/line voltages and currents to the load. In contrast, when non-ideal conditions arise, such as DC voltage imbalances among the bridges or failed cells, the Clarke transformation of the inverter voltage phasor forms an elliptical path, leading to unbalanced operation. This paper discusses and highlights the characteristic differences between inverter-balanced and unbalanced operation modes. Additionally, a generalized neutral-shift method has been suggested to address unequal DC voltage sources simultaneously and failed cells without differentiation. The proposed control strategy ensures the inverter maintains balanced line-to-line voltages and currents, even when its phase voltages remain unbalanced. Simulation and experimental results from a three-cell (per phase) CHB inverter with a symmetrical RL load are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Finally, the study explores the impact of non-ideal conditions on modifying inverter voltage and current spectra. © 2013 ieee.

关键词： Bridge circuits

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ieee circuits and systems Society

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ieee journal on emerging and selected topics in circuits and systems 2024年第1期14卷 C3-C3页

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ieee circuits and systems Society

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ieee journal on emerging and selected topics in circuits and systems 2024年第2期14卷 C3-C3页

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