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parallel sets: Interactive exploration and visual analysis of categorical data

ieee TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER graphics 2006年第4期12卷 558-568页

作者： Kosara, R Bendix, F Hauser, H Univ N Carolina Dept Comp Sci Charlotte NC 28223 USA VRVis Res Ctr A-1220 Vienna Austria

Categorical data dimensions appear in many real-world data sets, but few visualization methods exist that properly deal with them. parallel Sets are a new method for the visualization and interactive exploration of categorical data that shows data frequencies instead of the individual data points. The method is based on the axis layout of parallel coordinates, with boxes representing the categories and parallelograms between the axes showing the relations between categories. In addition to the visual representation, we designed a rich set of interactions. parallel Sets allow the user to interactively remap the data to new categorizations and, thus, to consider more data dimensions during exploration and analysis than usually possible. At the same time, a metalevel, semantic representation of the data is built. Common procedures, like building the cross product of two or more dimensions, can be performed automatically, thus complementing the interactive visualization. We demonstrate parallel Sets by analyzing a large CRM data set, as well as investigating housing data from two US states.

关键词： information visualization interaction nominal data categorical data multivariate data

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Enabling automatic clutter reduction in parallel coordinate plots

Enabling automatic clutter reduction in parallel coordinate ...

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ieee visualization Conference (Vis 2006)/ieee symposium on Information visualization (InfoVis 2006)

作者： Ellis, Geoffrey Dix, Alan Univ Lancaster Lancaster LA1 4YW England

We have previously shown that random sampling is an effective clutter reduction technique and that a sampling lens can facilitate focus+context viewing of particular regions. This demands an efficient method of estimating the overlap or occlusion of large numbers of intersecting lines in order to automatically adjust the sampling rate within the lens. This paper proposes several ways for measuring occlusion in parallel coordinate plots. An empirical study into the accuracy and efficiency of the occlusion measures show that a probabilistic approach combined with a 'binning' technique is very fast and yet approaches the accuracy of the more expensive 'true' complete measurement.

关键词： sampling random sampling lens clutter occlusion density reduction overplotting information visualisation parallel coordinates

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Scalable data servers for large multivariate volume visualization

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ieee TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER graphics 2006年第5期12卷 1291-1298页

作者： Glatter, Markus Mollenhour, Colin Huang, Jian Gao, Jinzhu Univ Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA Oak Ridge Natl Lab Oak Ridge TN USA

Volumetric datasets with multiple variables on each voxel over multiple time steps are often complex, especially when considering the exponentially large attribute space formed by the variables in combination with the spatial and temporal dimensions. It is intuitive, practical, and thus often desirable, to interactively select a subset of the data from within that high-dimensional value space for efficient visualization. This approach is straightforward to implement if the dataset is small enough to be stored entirely in-core. However, to handle datasets sized at hundreds of gigabytes and beyond, this simplistic approach becomes infeasible and thus, more sophisticated solutions are needed. In this work, we developed a system that supports efficient visualization of an arbitrary subset, selected by range-queries, of a large multivariate time-varying dataset. By employing specialized data structures and schemes of data distribution, our system can leverage a large number of networked computers as parallel data servers, and guarantees a near optimal load-balance. We demonstrate our system of scalable data servers using two large time-varying simulation datasets.

关键词： parallel and distributed volume visualization large data set visualization multi-variate visualization volume visualization

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Distributed shared memory for roaming large volumes

Distributed shared memory for roaming large volumes

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ieee visualization Conference (Vis 2006)/ieee symposium on Information visualization (InfoVis 2006)

作者： Castanie, Laurent Mion, Christophe Cavin, Xavier Levy, Bruno INRIA Earth Desis Nancy France INRIA ALICE Grp Nancy France

We present a cluster-based volume rendering system for roaming very large volumes. This system allows to move a gigabyte-sized probe inside a total volume of several tens or hundreds of gigabytes in real-time. While the size of the probe is limited by the total amount of texture memory on the cluster, the size of the total data set has no theoretical limit. The cluster is used as a distributed graphics processing unit that both aggregates graphics power and graphics memory. A hardware-accelerated volume renderer runs in parallel on the cluster nodes and the final image compositing is implemented using a pipelined sort-last rendering algorithm. Meanwhile, volume bricking and volume paging allow efficient data caching. On each rendering node, a distributed hierarchical cache system implements a global software-based distributed shared memory on the cluster. In case of a cache miss, this system first checks page residency on the other cluster nodes instead of directly accessing local disks. Using two Gigabit Ethernet network interfaces per node, we accelerate data fetching by a factor of 4 compared to directly accessing local disks. The system also implements asynchronous disk access and texture loading, which makes it possible to overlap data loading, volume slicing and rendering for optimal volume roaming.

关键词： large volumes volume roaming out-of-core hierarchical caching distributed shared memory hardware-accelerated volume visualization graphics hardware parallel rendering graphics cluster

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Concurrent visualization in a production supercomputing environment

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ieee TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER graphics 2006年第5期12卷 997-1004页

作者： Ellsworth, David Green, Bryan Henze, Chris Moran, Patrick Sandstrom, Timothy NASA Ames Res Ctr AMTI Washington DC 20546 USA

We describe a concurrent visualization pipeline designed for operation in a production supercomputing environment. supercomputer for a massively parallel forecast model (GEOS4). During the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, GEOS4 was run 4 times a day under tight time constraints so that its output could be included in an ensemble prediction that was made available to forecasters at the National Hurricane Center. Given this time-critical context, we designed a configurable concurrent pipeline to visualize multiple global fields without significantly affecting the runtime model performance or reliability. We use MPEG compression of the accruing images to facilitate live low-bandwidth distribution of multiple visualization streams to remote sites. We also describe the use of our concurrent visualization framework with a global ocean circulation model, which provides a 864-fold increase in the temporal resolution of practically achievable animations. In both the atmospheric and oceanic circulation models, the application scientists gained new insights into their model dynamics, due to the high temporal resolution animations attainable.

关键词： supercomputing concurrent visualization interactive visual computing time-varying data high temporal resolution visualization GEOS4 global climate model hurricane visualization ECCO ocean modeling

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parallel sets: Interactive exploration and visual analysis of categorical data

Parallel sets: Interactive exploration and visual analysis o...

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ieee symposium on Information visualization (InfoVis 05)

作者： Kosara, R Bendix, F Hauser, H Univ N Carolina Dept Comp Sci Charlotte NC 28223 USA VRVis Res Ctr A-1220 Vienna Austria

关键词： information visualization interaction nominal data categorical data multivariate data

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Texturing of layered surfaces for optimal viewing

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ieee TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER graphics 2006年第5期12卷 1125-1132页

作者： Bair, Alethea S. House, Donald H. Ware, Colin Texas A&M Univ College Stn TX 77843 USA Univ New Hampshire Durham NH 03824 USA

This paper is a contribution to the literature on perceptually optimal visualizations of layered three-dimensional surfaces. Specifically, we develop guidelines for generating texture patterns, which, when tiled on two overlapped surfaces, minimize confusion in depth-discrimination and maximize the ability to localize distinct features. We design a parameterized texture space and explore this texture space using a "human in the loop" experimental approach. Subjects are asked to rate their ability to identify Gaussian bumps on both upper and lower surfaces of noisy terrain fields. Their ratings direct a genetic algorithm, which selectively searches the texture parameter space to find fruitful areas. Data collected from these experiments are analyzed to determine what combinations of parameters work well and to develop texture generation guidelines. Data analysis methods include ANOVA, linear discriminant analysis, decision trees, and parallel coordinates. To confirm the guidelines, we conduct a post-analysis experiment, where subjects rate textures following our guidelines against textures violating the guidelines. Across all subjects, textures following the guidelines consistently produce high rated textures on an absolute scale, and are rated higher than those that did not follow the guidelines.

关键词： perception optimal visualization layered surfaces human-in-the-loop genetic algorithm data mining linear discriminant analysis parallel coordinates decision trees

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Scalable data servers for large multivariate volume visualization

Scalable data servers for large multivariate volume visualiz...

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ieee visualization Conference (Vis 2006)/ieee symposium on Information visualization (InfoVis 2006)

作者： Glatter, Markus Mollenhour, Colin Huang, Jian Gao, Jinzhu Univ Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA Oak Ridge Natl Lab Oak Ridge TN USA

关键词： parallel and distributed volume visualization large data set visualization multi-variate visualization volume visualization

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Hybrid visualization for white matter tracts using triangle strips and point sprites

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ieee TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER graphics 2006年第5期12卷 1181-1188页

作者： Merhof, Dorit Sonntag, Markus Enders, Frank Nimsky, Christopher Hastreiter, Peter Greiner, Guenther Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Comp Graph Grp D-8520 Erlangen Germany Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Dept Neurosurg D-8520 Erlangen Germany

Diffusion tensor imaging is of high value in neurosurgery, providing information about the location of white matter tracts in the human brain. For their reconstruction, streamline techniques commonly referred to as fiber tracking model the underlying fiber structures and have therefore gained interest. To meet the requirements of surgical planning and to overcome the visual limitations of line representations, a new real-time visualization approach of high visual quality is introduced. For this purpose, textured triangle strips and point sprites are combined in a hybrid strategy employing GPU programming. The triangle strips follow the fiber streamlines and are textured to obtain a tube-like appearance. A vertex program is used to orient the triangle strips towards the camera. In order to avoid triangle flipping in case of fiber segments where the viewing and segment direction are parallel, a correct visual representation is achieved in these areas by chains of point sprites. As a result, a high quality visualization similar to tubes is provided allowing for interactive multimodal inspection. Overall, the presented approach is faster than existing techniques of similar visualization quality and at the same time allows for real-time rendering of dense bundles encompassing a high number of fibers, which is of high importance for diagnosis and surgical planning.

关键词： diffusion tensor data fiber tracking streamline visualization

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Concurrent visualization in a production supercomputing environment

Concurrent visualization in a production supercomputing envi...

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ieee visualization Conference (Vis 2006)/ieee symposium on Information visualization (InfoVis 2006)

作者： Ellsworth, David Green, Bryan Henze, Chris Moran, Patrick Sandstrom, Timothy NASA Ames Res Ctr AMTI Washington DC 20546 USA

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