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parallel rendering with k-way replication 01

Parallel rendering with k-way replication

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Proceedings of the ieee 2001 symposium on parallel and large-data visualization and graphics

作者： Rudrajit Samanta Thomas Funkhouser Kai Li Princeton University Princeton NJ

ISBN: (纸本)9780780372238

With the recent advances in commodity graphics hardware performance, PC clusters have become an attractive alternative to traditional high-end graphics workstations. The main challenge is to develop parallel rendering algorithms that work well within the memory constraints and communication limitations of a networked cluster. Previous systems have required the entire 3D scene to be replicated in memory on every PC. While this approach can take advantage of view-dependent load balancing algorithms and thus largely avoid the problems of inter-process communication, it limits the scalability of the system to the memory capacity of a single PC. We present a k-way replication approach in which each 3D primitive of a large scene is replicated on k out of n PCs (k << n). The key idea is to support 3D models larger than the memory capacity of any single PC, while retaining the reduced communication overheads of dynamic view-dependent partitioning. In this paper, we investigate algorithms for distributing copies of primitives among PCs and for dynamic load balancing under the constraints of partial replication. Our main result is that the parallel rendering efficiencies achieved with small replication factors are similar to the ones measured with full replication. By storing one-fourth of Michelangelo's David model (800MB) on each of 24 PCs (each with 256MB of memory), our system is able to render 40 million polygons/second (65% efficiency).

关键词： cluster computing parallel rendering computer graphics systems interactive visualization

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parallel point reprojection 01

Parallel point reprojection

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Proceedings of the ieee 2001 symposium on parallel and large-data visualization and graphics

作者： Erik Reinhard Peter Shirley Charles Hansen University of Utah

ISBN: (纸本)9780780372238

Improvements in hardware have recently made interactive ray tracing practical for some applications. However, when the scene complexity or rendering algorithm cost is high, the frame rate is too low in practice. Researchers have attempted to solve this problem by caching results from ray tracing and using these results in multiple frames via reprojection. However, the reprojection can become too slow when the number of samples that are reused is high, so previous systems have been limited to small images or a sparse set of computed pixels. To overcome this problem we introduce techniques to perform this reprojection in a scalable fashion on multiple processors.

关键词： ray tracing point reprojection

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Real-time out-of-core visualization of particle traces 01

Real-time out-of-core visualization of particle traces

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Proceedings of the ieee 2001 symposium on parallel and large-data visualization and graphics

作者： Ralph Bruckschen Falko Kuester Bernd Hamann Kenneth I. Joy University of California Davis CA University of California Irvine CA

ISBN: (纸本)9780780372238

visualization of particle traces provides intuitive and efficient means for the exploration and analysis of complex vector fields. This paper presents a method suitable for the real-time visualization of arbitrarily large time-varying vector fields in virtual environments. We describe an out-of-core scheme in which two distinct pre-processing and rendering components enable real-time data streaming and visualization. The presented approach yields low-latency application start-up times and small memory footprints. The described system was used to implement a "volumetric fog lance," which can emit up to 60000 particles into a flow field while maintaining an interactive frame rate of 60 frames per second. All algorithms were specifically designed to support commodity hardware. The proof-of-concept system is running on a low-cost Linux workstation equipped with a 120GB E-IDE RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disk) system.

关键词： Computational Fluid Dynamics Scientific visualization Out-of-Core visualization Particle Tracing Virtual Reality

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A unified infrastructure for parallel out-of-core isosurface extraction and volume rendering of unstructured grids 01

A unified infrastructure for parallel out-of-core isosurface...

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Proceedings of the ieee 2001 symposium on parallel and large-data visualization and graphics

作者： Yi-Jen Chiang Ricardo Farias Cláudio T. Silva Bin Wei Polytechnic University University at Stony Brook AT&T

ISBN: (纸本)9780780372238

In this paper, we present a unified infrastructure for parallel out-of-core isosurface extraction and volume rendering of large unstructured grids on distributed-memory parallel machines. We parallelize the out-of-core isosurface extraction algorithm of [9] and the out-of-core ZSweep technique [17] for direct volume rendering, using the meta-cell technique as a unified underlying building *** one-time preprocessing first partitions the dataset into meta-cells that are stored in disk. From the meta-cells, we build a BBIO tree in disk, which can be used to speed up isosurface extraction, and a bounding-box file in disk, which is used for direct volume rendering. At run-time, we use a simple self-scheduling scheme [39] to achieve load balancing among the *** perform several experiments on a sixteen-node cluster of PCs connected by a gigabit ethernet, using datasets as large as 6.6 million cells. For the larger datasets, we have found that both our isosurface extraction and direct volume rendering approaches are perfectly scalable up to sixteen nodes.

关键词： Out-Of-Core Techniques Scientific visualization Isosurface Extraction Volume Rendering parallel Computation

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Case study: visualizing ocean currents with color and dithering 01

Case study: visualizing ocean currents with color and dither...

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Proceedings of the ieee 2001 symposium on parallel and large-data visualization and graphics

作者： Patricia Crossno Edward Angel David Munich Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM Albuquerque High Performance Computing Center Albuquerque NM

ISBN: (纸本)9780780372238

This case study presents several related approaches to visualizing flow information from large vector volumes generated by ocean circulation modeling. Flow vectors are mapped to colored pixels to enable global views of dense three-dimensional vector fields. Each of the approaches starts by classifying vector direction into a small number of colors. One approach then uses scaled linear interpolation to blend between adjacent directional colors. Two other approaches use half-toning and dithering methods to rapidly display flow information. By using opponent colors for our directional encoding, we can blend colors, either through linear interpolation or the user's visual system, into intermediate colors without expressly calculating them by a conversion to polar coordinates.

关键词： dithering vector field visualization half-toning color mapping flow visualization

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parallel view-dependent isosurface extraction using multi-pass occlusion culling 01

Parallel view-dependent isosurface extraction using multi-pa...

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Proceedings of the ieee 2001 symposium on parallel and large-data visualization and graphics

作者： Jinzhu Gao Han-Wei Shen The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio

ISBN: (纸本)9780780372238

This paper presents a parallel algorithm that can effectively extracts only the visible portion of isosurfaces. The main focus of our research is to devise a load-balanced and output-sensitive algorithm, that is, each processor will generate approximately the same amount of triangles, and cells that do not contain the visible isosurface will not be visited. A novel multi-pass algorithm is proposed in the paper to achieve these goals. In the algorithm, we first use an octree data structure to rapidly skip the empty cells. An image space visibility culling technique is then used to identify the visible isosurface cells in a progressive manner. To distribute the workload, we use a binary image space partitioning method to ensure that each processor will generate approximately the same amount of triangles. Isosurface extraction and visibility update are performed in parallel to reduce the total computation time. In addition to reducing the size of output geometry and accelerating the process of isosurface extraction, the multi-pass nature of our algorithm can also be used to perform time-critical computation.

关键词： heirarchical data structures isosurface extraction multi-pass algorithm occlusion culling view-dependent

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Scalable interactive volume rendering using off-the-shelf components 01

Scalable interactive volume rendering using off-the-shelf co...

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Proceedings of the ieee 2001 symposium on parallel and large-data visualization and graphics

作者： Santiago Lombeyda Laurent Moll Mark Shand David Breen Alan Heirich California Institute of Technology Compaq Computer Corporation

ISBN: (纸本)9780780372238

This paper describes an application of a second generation implementation of the Sepia architecture (Sepia-2) to interactive volumetric visualization of large rectilinear scalar fields. By employing pipelined associative blending operators in a sort-last configuration a demonstration system with 8 rendering computers sustains 24 to 28 frames per second while interactively rendering large data volumes (1024x256x256 voxels, and 512x512x512 voxels). We believe interactive performance at these frame rates and data sizes is unprecedented. We also believe these results can be extended to other types of structured and unstructured grids and a variety of GL rendering techniques including surface rendering and shadow mapping. We show how to extend our single-stage crossbar demonstration system to multi-stage networks in order to support much larger data sizes and higher image resolutions. This requires solving a dynamic mapping problem for a class of blending operators that includes Porter-Duff compositing operators.

关键词： OpenGL cluster VIA sort-last shear-warp CFD ray-casting shadow mapping Clos parallel volume rendering VolumePro

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visualization challenges for a new cyberpharmaceutical computing paradigm 01

Visualization challenges for a new cyberpharmaceutical compu...

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Proceedings of the ieee 2001 symposium on parallel and large-data visualization and graphics

作者： Russell J. Turner Kabir Chaturvedi Nathan J. Edwards Daniel Fasulo Aaron L. Halpern Daniel H. Huson Oliver Kohlbacher Jason R. Miller Knut Reinert Karin A. Remington Russell Schwartz Brian Walenz Shibu Yooseph Sorin Istrail Celera Genomics Corporation Rockville MD

ISBN: (纸本)9780780372238

In recent years, an explosion in data has been profoundly changing the field of biology and creating the need for new areas of expertise, particularly in the handling of data. One vital area that has so far received insufficient attention is how to communicate the large quantities of diverse and complex information that is being generated. Celera has encountered a number of visualization problems in the course of developing tools for bioinformatics research, applying them to our data generation efforts, and making that data available to our customers. This paper presents several examples from Celera's experience. In the area of genomics, challenging visualization problems have come up in assembling genomes, studying variations between individuals, and comparing different genomes to one another. The emerging area of proteomics has created new visualization challenges in interpreting protein expression data, studying protein regulatory networks, and examining protein structure. These examples illustrate how the field of bioinformatics is posing new challenges concerning the communication of data that are often very different from those that have heretofore dominated scientific computing. Addressing the level of detail, the degree of complexity, and the interdisciplinary barriers that characterize bioinformatic problems can be expected to be a sizable but rewarding task for the field of scientific visualization.

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parallel volume rendering on a single-chip SIMD architecture 01

Parallel volume rendering on a single-chip SIMD architecture

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Proceedings of the ieee 2001 symposium on parallel and large-data visualization and graphics

作者： M. Meißner S. Grimm W. Straßer J. Packer D. Latimer University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 10/C9 D-72076 Tübingen Germany ClearSpeed Technology Ltd. Wallscourt Farm Filton Road Bristol UK

ISBN: (纸本)9780780372238

Volume rendering has great potential for parallelization due to the tremendous number of computations necessary. Besides the enormous computational power needed, the memory interface is usually of crucial importance and frequently the *** paper presents an implementation of a parallel ray casting algorithm for orthogonal projections on a new single-chip SIMD architecture. Concurrent processing of rays is scheduled such that redundant memory accesses of the individual processing elements can be detected by the channel controller. Hence, data can be read efficiently in block-wise manner. For improved image quality, a permutation of the Shear-Warp algorithm with trilinear interpolation is used. The steps of the ray casting algorithm are carefully mapped onto the architecture avoiding expensive floating point operation, giving superior performance over previously reported results. A detailed analysis illustrates the timing of the individual computations and memory accesses, identifying the costliest parts of the implementation.

关键词： Volume Rendering Ray Casting parallel Processing

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Proceedings of the 1999 ieee symposium on parallel visualization and graphics, PVGS 1999

Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Symposium on Parallel Visualiza...

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1999 ieee symposium on parallel visualization and graphics, PVGS 1999

ISBN: (纸本)1581132379

The proceedings contain 12 papers. The topics discussed include: parallel lumigraph reconstruction;parallel visualization of large-scale aerodynamics calculations: a case study on the Cray T3E;hybrid scheduling for parallel rendering using coherent ray tasks;exploiting frame coherence with the temporal depth buffer in a distributed computing environment;transparent distributed processing for rendering;web based collaborative visualization of distributed and parallel simulation;scalable distributed visualization using off-the-shelf components;and interactive volume segmentation with the PAVLOV Architecture.

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