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ieee symposium on Volume visualization and graphics

作者： R. Yagel D.M. Reed A. Law Po-Wen Shih N. Shareef Department of Computer and Information Science Ohio State Uinversity USA

Some of the more important research results in computational science rely on the use of simulation methods that operate on unstructured grids. However, these grids, composed of a set of polyhedra, introduce exceptional problems with respect to data visualization. Volume rendering techniques, originally developed to handle rectangular grids, show significant promise for general use with unstructured grids as well. The main disadvantage of this approach, compared to isosurfaces, particles or other visualization tools is its non-interactive performance. We describe an efficient method for rendering unstructured grids that is based on incremental slicing and hardware polygon rendering. For a given view direction, the grid vertices are transformed to image space using available graphics hardware. We then incrementally compute the 2D polygon-meshes that result from letting a set of planes, parallel to the screen plane, intersect (slice) the transformed grid. Finally, we use the graphics hardware to render (interpolate-fill) the polygon-meshes and composite them in visibility order. We show that, in addition to being faster than existing methods, our approach also provides adaptive control and progressive image generation. The adaptive method provides user control to ensure that the contribution of every cell is included in the final image or to limit the number of cells that are missed.

关键词： Hardware Rendering (computer graphics) Grid computing Data visualization graphics Adaptive control Computational modeling Isosurfaces Concurrent computing Image generation

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Direct volume rendering with shading via three-dimensional textures

Direct volume rendering with shading via three-dimensional t...

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ieee symposium on Volume visualization and graphics

作者： A. Van Gelder K. Kim Computer Science Department University of California Santa Cruz CA USA Computer Science Department University of California Santa Cruz USA University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA US

A new and easy-to-implement method for direct volume rendering that uses 3D texture maps for acceleration, and incorporates directional lighting, is described. The implementation, called Voltx, produces high-quality images at nearly interactive speeds on workstations with hardware support for three-dimensional texture maps. Previously reported methods did not incorporate a light model, and did not address issues of multiple texture maps for large volumes. Our research shows that these extensions impact performance by about a factor of ten. Voltx supports orthographic, perspective, and stereo views. This paper describes the theory and implementation of this technique, and compares it to the shear-warp factorization approach. A rectilinear data set is converted into a three-dimensional texture map containing color and opacity information. Quantized normal vectors and a lookup table provide efficiency. A new tesselation of the sphere is described, which serves as the basis for normal-vector quantization. A new gradient-based shading criterion is described, in which the gradient magnitude is interpreted in the context of the field-data value and the material classification parameters, and not in isolation. In the rendering phase, the texture map is applied to a stack of parallel planes, which effectively cut the texture into many slabs. The slabs are composited to form an image.

关键词： Rendering (computer graphics) Hardware Acceleration Slabs Degradation Workstations Table lookup Quantization Computer graphics visualization

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Integrating a constraint solver into a real-time animation environment

Integrating a constraint solver into a real-time animation e...

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ieee symposium on Visual Languages

作者： P. Griebel G. Lehrenfeld W. Mueller C. Tahedl H. Uhr Paderborn University Paderborn Germany Heinz Nixdorf Institute Paderborn Germany

Investigates the integration of an interactive constraint solver into an existing 2D real-time animation environment in order to achieve a better observability, traceability and stability of the individual graphical objects. We present two approaches for assigning constraints to the objects. The first approach assigns constraints to the objects when they are created, keeping them stable during their entire life-time. The second approach dynamically changes constraints before the computation of each frame. The investigation is based on our practical experience with the complete visual programming language Pictorial Janus and the parallel constraint solver Parcon.

关键词： Animation Layout Computer languages visualization Observability Stability Runtime Costs graphics Hardware

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Prototyping network architectures on a supercomputer 96

Prototyping network architectures on a supercomputer

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International symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing

作者： M.C. Chan G. Pacifici R. Stadler Center for Telecommunications Research Columbia University New York NY USA T.J. Watson Research Center IBM Hawthorne NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780818675829

Outlines a methodology for developing network control systems which allows for an evaluation of the dynamic behavior and overall performance at an early stage of the development process. Our approach is to build a software prototype which is designed according to the architecture under consideration and runs the intended control algorithms. The functional and dynamic properties of this prototype are tested and evaluated on an emulation platform that we built for this purpose. By providing support for real-time visualization and interactive emulation, this platform can be used to study multimedia networks in various scenarios, such as different load patterns, network sizes and management operations. The current implementation runs on a KSR-1 and an SP2 parallel processor, which are connected to a graphics workstation via ATM links. We use the platform in several projects, one of which aims at developing an architecture for managing multimedia network services.

关键词： Prototypes Supercomputers Software prototyping Computer architecture Emulation Control systems Algorithm design and analysis Software algorithms Testing visualization

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Remote interactive visualization and analysis (RIVA) using parallel supercomputers 95

Remote interactive visualization and analysis (RIVA) using p...

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Proceedings of the 1995 parallel Rendering symposium

作者： Li, P.Peggy Duquette, William H. Curkendall, David W. Jet Propulsion Lab Pasadena CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780897917742

JPL's Remote Interactive visualization and Analysis System (RIVA) is described in detail. RIVA's kernel is a highly scalable perspective renderer tailored especially for the demands of large datasets beyond the sensible reach of workstations. The algorithmic details of this renderer are described, particularly the aspects key to achieving the algorithm's overall scalability. The paper summarizes the performance achieved for machine sizes up to more than 500 nodes and for initial input image/terrain bases of up to a gigabyte. The RIVA system integrates workstation graphics, massively parallel computing technology, and gigabit communication networks to provide a flexible interactive environment for scientific data perusal, analysis and visualization. Early experience with using RIVA to interactively explore multivariate datasets is reported and some example results given.

关键词： Interactive computer graphics

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parallel volume ray-casting for unstructured-grid data on distributed-memory architectures 95

Parallel volume ray-casting for unstructured-grid data on di...

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Proceedings of the 1995 parallel Rendering symposium

作者： Ma, Kwan-Liu NASA Langley Research Cent Hampton VA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780897917742

As computing technology continues to advance, computational modeling of scientific and engineering problems produces data of increasing complexity: large in size and unstructural in shape. Volume visualization of such data is a challenging problem. This paper proposes a distributed parallel solution that makes ray-casting volume rendering of unstructured-grid data practical. Both the data and the rendering process are distributed among processors. At each processor, ray-casting of local data is performed independent of the other processors. The global image compositing processes, which require inter-processor communication, are overlapped with the local ray-casting processes to achieve maximum parallel efficiency. This algorithm differs from previous ones in four ways: it is completely distributed, less view-dependent, reasonably scalable, and flexible. Without dynamic load balancing, test results on the Intel Paragon using from two to 128 processors show, on average, about 60% parallel efficiency.

关键词： Three dimensional computer graphics

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A hardware architecture for video rate shading of volume data

A hardware architecture for video rate shading of volume dat...

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ieee International symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： M.C. Doggett G.N. Hellestrand School of Computer Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney Australia

This paper presents an architecture capable of generating two dimensional images of volume data at video rates. This architecture fits into an image synthesis pipeline and uses only simple arithmetic operations and a look-up table to generate two dimensional images in real time. The shading algorithm is the grey-level gradient algorithm for shading volume data. Hardware simulations of the critical components can process a 256/sup 3/ data set at 20 frames a second using a parallel implementation. Image synthesis from volume data in real time is an important technique in visualization and graphics systems.

关键词： Hardware Image generation Magnetic resonance imaging Computer architecture graphics Magnetic resonance Rendering (computer graphics) Computer science Data engineering Australia

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RESEARCH ISSUES IN DATA MODELING FOR SCIENTIFIC visualization

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ieee COMPUTER graphics AND APPLICATIONS 1994年第2期14卷 70-73页

作者： NIELSON, GM BRUNET, P GROSS, M HAGEN, H KLIMENKO, SV UNIV KAISERSLAUTERN W-6750 KAISERSLAUTERNGERMANY UNIV POLITECN CATALUNA BARCELONASPAIN COMP GRAPH CTR DARMSTADTGERMANY INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS SERPUKHOVRUSSIA

This article summarizes some topics of modeling as they impinge on the future development of scientific data visualization. The benefits from visualization techniques in analyzing data are well established, but to build on these pioneering efforts, one must recognize modeling as a distinct structural component in the larger context of visualization and problem-solving systems. Volume modeling is the entry way to this arena of future development, and model-based rendering describes how scientists will view the results. Important side developments such as multiresolution modeling and model-based segmentation will contribute structural capability to these systems. All of these components ultimately depend on the mathematical foundations of scattered data modeling and on model validation and standards to incorporate this modeling methodology into effective tools for scientific inquiry.< >

关键词： Data visualization Rendering (computer graphics) Neoplasms Hurricanes Magnetic resonance imaging Computer graphics Thumb Delay parallel processing Hardware

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Graphical assistance in parallel program development

Graphical assistance in parallel program development

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Proceedings of the ieee symposium on Visual Languages

作者： Zhang, Kang Ma, Wanli Macquarie Univ New South Wales

Researchers have proposed many visualization tools that assist the development of parallel programs. A number of graph formalisms or notations - which we will call graph models - have been used to visualize various aspects of parallel programs and their executions. This paper attempts to classify and compare these graph models which provide different information at different stages of parallel program development.

关键词： Computer graphics

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A compact volume rendering accelerator

A compact volume rendering accelerator

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1994 symposium on Volume visualization, VVS 1994

作者： Knittel, Günter Straßer, Wolfgang Auf der Morgenstelle 10 C9 TübingenD-72076 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0897917413

We describe the architecture of a hardware accelerator for volume rendering. The system basically consists of four VLSI chips and the volume memory and represents a singleboard solution to the computational challenges of volume visualization. It generates arbitrary perspective projections, so that walk-through examinations are possible. The classification of structures of interest is an integral part of the rendering pipeline. Image quality is enhanced by providing Phong shading, depth-cueing and support for translucency. Despite its compactness and algorithmic complexity, the system is able to render 2563 data sets at a sustained frame generation rate of about 2.5Hz. © 1995 ieee.

关键词： parallel processing systems

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