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Tracking Simplified Shapes Using a Stochastic Boundary

Tracking Simplified Shapes Using a Stochastic Boundary

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8th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM)

作者： Zea, Antonio Faion, Florian Baum, Marcus Hanebeck, Uwe D. Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT Inst Anthropomat & Robot Intelligent Sensor Actuator Syst Lab ISAS Karlsruhe Germany Univ Connecticut Storrs CT USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479914814

When tracking extended objects, it is often the case that the shape of the target cannot be fully observed due to issues of visibility, artifacts, or high noise, which can change with time. In these situations, it is a common approach to model targets as simpler shapes instead, such as ellipsoids or cylinders. However, these simplifications cause information loss from the original shape, which could be used to improve the estimation results. In this paper, we propose a way to recover information from these lost details in the form of a stochastic boundary, whose parameters can be dynamically estimated from received measurements. The benefits of this approach are evaluated by tracking an object using noisy, real-life RGBD data.

关键词： EXTENDED OBJECTS information loss Ellipsoid tracking Stochastic Boundary boundary layer Shape Targets Noise tracking objects

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Live Demonstration: A CMOS ASIC for Precise Reading of a Magnetoresistive sensor array for NDT

Live Demonstration: A CMOS ASIC for Precise Reading of a Mag...

引用

ieee International Symposium on Circuits and Systems

作者： Diogo M. CAETANO Moises PIEDADE Joao GRACA Jorge FERNANDES Luis ROSADO Tiago COSTA INESC-ID Rua Alves Redol 9 1000-029 Lisboa Portugal Instituto Superior Tecnico Universidade de Lisboa Rua Alves Redol 9 1000-029 Lisboa Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781479983926

Non-destructive testing (NDT) based on eddy currents (EC) is commonly used to detect defects in conductive materials. Usually the system includes an emitter coil, and one receiver coil or one Magnetoresistive (MR) sensor. In this work we added an interface ASIC that pre-amplifies and filters the signal from an array of MR sensors. This demo will present a new version based on the work presented at the ECNDT 2014 conference with a paper entitled "A CMOS ASIC for Precise Reading of a Magnetoresistive sensor array for NDT". Since this is an on-going work, improvements have been made, namely the reduction of the system thermal noise to 30 nV/√Hz, the development of a multigain amplifier and the application of the same concept and circuit to a multichannel parallel signal acquisition system. Detection of surface and buried defects will be demonstrated in different material mock-ups.

关键词： signal processing eddy current testing (ECT) NDT-wide ASIC CMOS Magnetoresistive sensor array

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Envelope Only TDOA Estimation for sensor Network Self Calibration

Envelope Only TDOA Estimation for Sensor Network Self Calibr...

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8th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM)

作者： Zion, Dan Ohev Messer, Hagit Tel Aviv Univ Sch Elect Engn IL-69978 Tel Aviv Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781479914814

Self localization of nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSN) attracts wide interest in the past few years. The main challenge is to adopt calibration algorithms to the low-power/low-bandwidth/low-cost constrains on each sensor in the network. In this paper we present a novel approach, in which position-known anchors transmit special calibration signals simultaneously. Each node measures only the received signal strength (RSSI), i.e. envelope of the sum of received signals, and estimates time difference of arrivals (TDOA) of the signals. Two or more TDOA measurements allow the node to estimate its own position in the WSN. Based on an analysis of the appropriate Cramer Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) on the TDOA estimates, we suggest the choice of calibrating signals which provide optimal performance. The theoretical results are supported by simulations of the Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimators and numerical evaluation of the CRLB for a specific scenario of interest.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks sensor networks received signal envelopes Time difference of arrival WSN gene Self calibration numerical calculation Envelope Calibration Line of nodes signals

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Real-time Kernel-based Multiple Target Tracking for Robotic Beating Heart Surgery

Real-time Kernel-based Multiple Target Tracking for Robotic ...

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8th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM)

作者： Kurz, Gerhard Baum, Marcus Hanebeck, Uwe D. Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT Intelligent Sensor Actuator Syst Lab ISAS Karlsruhe Germany Univ Connecticut Storrs CT USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479914814

Performing surgery on the beating heart has significant advantages for the patient compared to traditional heart surgery on the stopped heart. A remote-controlled robot can be used to automatically cancel out the movement of the beating heart. This necessitates precise tracking of the heart surface. For this purpose, we track 24 identical artificial markers placed on the heart. This creates a data association problem, because it is not known which measurement was obtained from which marker. To solve this problem, we apply a multiple target tracking method based on a symmetric kernel transformation. This method allows efficient handling of the data association problem even for a reasonably large number of targets. We demonstrate how to implement this method efficiently. The proposed approach is evaluated on in-vivo data of a real beating heart surgery performed on a porcine beating heart.

关键词： symmetric measurement equation data association medical image processing

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Mismatch Loss Constrained Instrumental Variable Filtering for GSM Passive Bistatic Radar

Mismatch Loss Constrained Instrumental Variable Filtering fo...

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8th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM)

作者： Bahlke, Florian Zemmari, Reda Nickel, Ulrich Pesavento, Marius Univ Sci Darmstadt Commun Syst Grp D-64283 Darmstadt Germany Fraunhofer FKIE Sensor Data & Informat Fus Dept D-53343 Wachtberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479914814

In this paper we address the design and evaluation of a mismatched filter for application in GSM passive bistatic radar (PBR). We discuss various exisiting approaches for the filter design, which originate from active radar systems and have to be adapted for PBR. Our proposed method minimizes the L-p-norm of the sidelobe level energies under an upper-bound constraint on the SNR loss relative to the matched filter. We show the suitibility of this approach for GSM based PBR and give a performance evaluation. Based on simulated and measured data, we show that the proposed filter can improve range resultion and target detection of the PBR system.

关键词： mismatch loss Pebble bed reactors TSPO gene passive bistatic radar Global mobile communication-systems wireless phone filter design Performance Evaluation matched filters Object detection

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Cooperative Simultaneous Localization and Synchronization: Toward a Low-Cost Hardware Implementation

Cooperative Simultaneous Localization and Synchronization: T...

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8th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM)

作者： Etzlinger, Bernhard Meyer, Florian Wymeersch, Henk Hlawatsch, Franz Mueller, Gerhard Springer, Andreas Johannes Kepler Univ Linz A-4040 Linz Austria Vienna Univ Technol A-1040 Vienna Austria Chalmers S-41296 Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781479914814

Cooperative sensor self-localization (CSL) in wireless networks usually requires the nodes to be equipped with specific ranging hardware including ultra-wideband or ultrasonic distance sensors. Such designs are not suitable for application in low-cost, low-power sensor networks. Here, we demonstrate how low-cost, low-power, asynchronous sensor nodes can be used to perform CSL (and, simultaneously, distributed synchronization) by means of time-stamped communication without additional ranging hardware. Our method combines a belief propagation message passing algorithm for cooperative simultaneous localization and synchronization (CoSLAS) with a MAC-layer time stamping scheme. We validate the models underlying the CoSLAS algorithm by means of measurements, and we demonstrate that the localization accuracy achieved by our hardware implementation is far better than that corresponding to the time resolution and measurement errors of the hardware.

关键词： Computer hardware CSHL1 gene sensor networks Ultra wideband technologies temporal resolution Error measure Ganglia Wireless networks range sensor LOW POWER sensors

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Antenna array Configurations for Massive MIMO Outdoor Base Stations

Antenna Array Configurations for Massive MIMO Outdoor Base S...

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8th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM)

作者： Artiga, Xavier Perruisseau-Carrier, Julien Perez-Neira, Ana I. CTTC Barcelona Spain Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Adapt MicroNanoWave Syst Grp CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland Univ Politecn Cataluna Dept Signal Theory & Commun Barcelona Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781479914814

Massive MIMO predicts unprecedented capacity and energy efficiency improvements in future networks, by the use of base stations with hundreds of antennas. However the crucial question of determining suitable, or even optimal, antenna hardware solutions for deploying such a large number of antennas in constrained physical spaces is still open. Here we analyse the potential benefits of using compact arrays, dual-polarized arrays, and 2D arrays in outdoor scenarios using a realistic 3D spatial channel model and accurate antenna electromagnetic simulations. In particular we show that it is detrimental to reduce the distance between elements below lambda/3. Actually, better performances can be achieved by increasing the number of antennas using dual polarization instead (if random polarization of user antennas is assumed). We also show that good performance can be achieved by using 2D arrays, but at the expense of an increased number of total elements when compared to horizontal linear arrays.

关键词： ANTENNA multiple input multiple output systems Antenna arrays BASE STATION channel model Elements Energy efficiency arrays

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array processing with known waveform and steering vector but unknown diagonal noise covariance matrix

Array processing with known waveform and steering vector but...

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ieee International workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-sensor Adaptive processing (CAMSAP)

作者： Adithya M. Devraj Chris Gianelli Jian Li Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL USA

The problem of estimating the complex amplitude of a signal which is known only to an unknown scaling factor with noise present is a well studied problem. Maximum likelihood (ML) and Capon estimates of the complex amplitude in the case where the noise vectors are circularly symmetric complex Gaussian with an unknown arbitrary covariance matrix have been proposed in previous literatures in closed form. In this paper, we consider the special case of the covariance matrix being diagonal (whose entries are still unknown). We reduce the ML estimation problem in this case to a non-linear optimization problem, and the optimal solution to the amplitude which maximizes the likelihood function can be obtained. We compare the performance of this method against the previously proposed method, which does not assume any structure of the covariance matrix. We show that the performance in the case wherein we use the fact that the covariance matrix is diagonal is only better in situations where the number of data samples is small. Both of the methods have the same Cramer-Rao bound (CRB), and both of them are asymptotically optimal. For large number of measurements, the mean squared errors (MSE) of both methods approach the CRB. Lastly, we provide an approximate ML solution to the problem, which has performance almost the same as the optimal solution, but computationally much more efficient.

关键词： Covariance matrices Maximum likelihood estimation Closed-form solutions Optimization signal to noise ratio Mathematical model Conferences

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Distributed detection of correlated random processes under energy and bandwidth constraints

Distributed detection of correlated random processes under e...

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2014 ieee 8th sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop, SAM 2014

作者： Maya, Juan Augusto Rey Vega, Leonardo Galarza, Cecilia G. Altieri, Andres University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina CSC-CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina

ISBN: (纸本)9781479914814

We analyze a binary hypothesis testing problem built on a wireless sensor network (WSN). Using Large Deviation Theory (LDT), we compute the probability error exponents of a distributed scheme for detecting a correlated circularly-symmetric complex Gaussian process under the Neyman-Pearson framework. Using an analog scheme, the sensors transmit scaled versions of their measurements several times through a multiple access channel (MAC) to reach the fusion center (FC), whose task is to decide whether the process is present or not. In the analysis, we consider the energy constraint on each node transmission. We show that the proposed distributed scheme requires relatively few MAC channel uses to achieve the centralized error exponents when detecting correlated Gaussian processes. © 2014 ieee.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks

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Recent Advances in Joint Wireless Energy and Information Transfer

Recent Advances in Joint Wireless Energy and Information Tra...

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ieee Information Theory workshop (ITW)

作者： Bi, Suzhi Ho, Chin Keong Zhang, Rui Natl Univ Singapore ECE Dept Singapore Singapore ASTAR Inst Infocomm Res Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781479959990

In this paper, we provide an overview of the recent advances in microwave-enabled wireless energy transfer (WET) technologies and their applications in wireless communications. Specifically, we divide our discussions into three parts. First, we introduce the state-of-the-art WET technologies and the signal processing techniques to maximize the energy transfer efficiency. Then, we discuss an interesting paradigm named simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), where energy and information are jointly transmitted using the same radio waveform. At last, we review the recent progress in wireless powered communication networks (WPCN), where wireless devices communicate using the power harvested by means of WET. Extensions and future directions are also discussed in each of these areas.

关键词： array signal processing Energy exchange MIMO Receivers Transmitters Wireless communication Wireless sensor networks energy exchange Energy transfer CARRIER SYSTEM array signal processing Transmitters Receivers Wireless sensor networks multiple input multiple output systems wireless Information Transfer wetting Energy sources wireless device

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