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A probabilistic graphical model for microphone array source separation using rich pre-trained source models

A probabilistic graphical model for microphone array source ...

引用

4th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Attias, H. T. Golden Metall Inc San Francisco CA 94147 USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

Voice based computing applications, such as phone communication and speech recognition, use microphone arrays to capture voice from a human speaker. In many environments of interest, however, sounds from other sources interfere with the speaker's voice, posing severe problems for subsequent processing. This paper describes a new framework for treating this problem, and presents and demonstrates a new algorithm for the cancellation of interfering sounds. Our framework combines techniques from statistical machine learning with ideas from speech and audio processing. An important feature involves training rich probabilistic models on data from different types of relevant sound sources. nose source models are then incorporated into a larger probabilistic model of the observed microphone data. Using that model we derive our algorithm, which is of the expectation-maximization type and infers from data the clean sound of separate individual sources. We report very good results on data recorded in different environments.

关键词： Microphones

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Study of the Human Eye Working Principle: An impressive high angular resolution system with simple array detectors

Study of the Human Eye Working Principle: An impressive high...

引用

4th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Betancourt, Diego del Rio, Carlos Univ Publ Navarra Antenna Grp Campus Arrosadia S-N Pamplona 31006 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

In this paper the working principle of the human eye is studied since uses very simple detectors, cones and rods, to provide an impressive high angular resolution without using any kind of scanning technique. Usually the resolution capability of the human eyes has been attributed to the complexity of the brain, but it is quite difficult to understand that something, specially small details, that it has not been seen by the eyes could be generated by the brain. Finally, it will be proved that with the actual technology and design philosophy of array antenna systems, the maximum achievable angular resolution of a realistic antenna array system is seriously limited and it is equivalent to the one that it could have an insect with compound eyes. It is clear the human eye is able to overcome this limit, and the idea is to learn how to introduce this to the design procedure of antenna array systems.

关键词： Vision

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Application of 2D-direction locked loop tracking algorithm to mobile satellite communications

Application of 2D-direction locked loop tracking algorithm t...

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4th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Gieron, Roman Siatchoua, Patrice IMST GmbH Carl Friedrich Gauss Str 2 D-47475 Kamp Lintfort Germany

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

Mobile satellite terminals especially with high-gain antenna require fast and accurate beam tracking algorithms for communication. The main topic of this paper is the extension of a tracking algorithm to mobile satellite communications, its implementation and performance. The presented considerations and simulation results concern low SNR condition and narrow antenna beam configuration as existing in satellite communications. The assumed satellite is geostationary. The work is presented in context of SANTANA-2 project, (Smart Antenna Terminal), founded and supported by the German DLR on behalf of BMBF. The realized terminal uses an antenna array in Ka-band and fully implements Digital BeamForming (DBF) to control the beam pointing direction and the antenna beam shape.

关键词： tracking algorithm antenna array array signal processing mobile satellite communications digital beamforming Ka-band

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Planar spherical diffraction-arrays: Linear sound localization algorithms

Planar spherical diffraction-arrays: Linear sound localizati...

引用

4th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Handzel, Amir A. 42 Hillcrest Circle Watertown MA 02472 USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

Sound source localization systems typically measure differences in time-of-arrival between microphones in free field arrays. Using a different concept, we previously designed and built a localization system that mimics nature's solution of harnessing wave diffraction about the head while relying only on two sensors positioned antipodally. Departing from the biological constraint of two sensors, I recently showed that for broadband sources, a high acuity array could be designed with merely three microphones. Yet adding more microphones may further increase acuity and robustness. The localization algorithm we have developed uses pair-wise comparisons between microphones, the number of which increases quadratically with the number of microphones, N. In order to minimize calculations in time sensitive applications, choosing a subset of pairs may be important. I examine this issue here through simulations of a hexagonal array. Thanks to the redundancy of spatial information contained in multiple microphone measurements, algorithms that are linear in N allow high acuity localization of broadband sources.

关键词： array processing

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Throughput of large wireless networks on square, hexagonal and triangular grids

Throughput of large wireless networks on square, hexagonal a...

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4th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Hong, Kezhu Hua, Yingbo Univ Calif Riverside Dept Elect Engn Riverside CA 92521 USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

Capacity analysis of sensor networks or wireless ad hoc networks has attracted a great attention in the past years. But the research in this area has primarily focused on scaling laws of arbitrary or random network instead of the exact capacity of given topologies. While the insight into how the capacity of an arbitrary or random network scales with the number of nodes in a given area is important, the exact capacity of a network depends on the network topology and can be more desirable in practice. In this paper, we compare the throughput of a large network with three possible topologies: square (rectangular), hexagonal and triangular. With a given topology, the network throughput also depends on the choice of routing protocols. We follow a synchronous array method (SAM) that is known so far to yield the highest throughout of a network on a rectangular grid.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks

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Design of 2-dimension sparse arrays using an improved genetic algorithm

Design of 2-dimension sparse arrays using an improved geneti...

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4th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Chen, Kesong He, Zishu Han, Chunlin Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Elect Engn Chengdu Dichuan Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

For the element position synthesis of 2-dimension sparse rectangular arrays with the design constraints of the number of elements, the aperture and the minimum element spacing, an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) based on chromosome element resetting is presented in this paper. Compared with the synthesis method of thinned arrays, this new approach could exploit more degree of freedom of elements to control the characters of the sparse arrays. When the aperture, the number of elements and the minimum element spacing are fixed identical, the new approach can make the sparse plane array produce lower peak sidelobe level (PSLL). The simulated results show that the fitness function value of thinned plane arrays with 108 elements mentioned by Haupt can reduce 5.626dB when the minimum element spacing of half wavelength was introduced into the optimization. And as well, the great efficiency and the robustness of IGA are shown in this paper.

关键词： array processing

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Improved 2-D Root MUSIC for non-circular signals

Improved 2-D Root MUSIC for non-circular signals

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4th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Salameh, Amjad Tayem, Nizar Kwon, Hyuck M. Florida Atlantic Univ Dept Elect Engn Boca Raton FL 33431 USA W Virginia Univ Inst Technol Dept Elect Engn Montgomery AL 25136 USA Wichita State Univ Dept ECE Wichita KS 67260 USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

This paper proposes an improved two-dimensional (2-D) Root MUSIC algorithm for non-circular sources. The proposed method has many advantages over conventional Root MUSIC algorithms. First, it requires no pair matching between the azimuth and elevation angle estimation, whereas conventional 2-D Root MUSIC algorithms require an exhaustive pair-matching search. Second, the proposed algorithm shows no estimation failure when the elevation angles are between 70 and 90 degrees, whereas the conventional 2-D Root MUSIC algorithms fail. Third, the proposed algorithm can estimate the direction of arrival angles (DOAs) of coherent sources, whereas the conventional 2-D Root MUSIC algorithms cannot. Fourth, the algorithm does not require any forward/backward spatial smoothing, whereas the conventional 2-D MUSIC algorithms do. Hence, the proposed algorithm can reduce the computational load significantly and can be applied to faster real-time radar/sonar and commercial wireless systems. In addition to these advantages, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional Root MUSIC algorithms by a 7 dB gain in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to achieve the same root mean square error (RMSE) performance.

关键词： antenna arrays array signal processing Root MUSIC coherent sources Toeplitz

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sensor scheduling using a 0-1 mixed integer programming framework

Sensor scheduling using a 0-1 mixed integer programming fram...

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4th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Chhetri, Amit S. Morrell, Darryl Papandreou-Suppappola, Antonia Arizona State Univ Dept Elect Engn Tempe AZ 85281 USA Arizona State Univ Dept Engn Tempe AZ 85281 USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

In this paper, we propose a novel myopic sensor scheduling methodology for tracking a target moving through a network of energy-constrained acoustic sensors. Specifically, we address the problem of activating the minimum-energy combination of sensors in a network that maintains a desired squared-error accuracy in the target's position estimate. We first formulate the scheduling problem as a binary (0-1) nonlinear programming (NLP) problem. Using a linearization technique, we then convert the 0-1 NLP problem into a 0-1 mixed integer programming (MIP) problem. We solve the reformulated 01 MIP problem using a linear programming relaxation based branch-and-bound technique. We demonstrate through Monte Carlo simulations that our proposed MIP scheduling method is very computational efficient as we can find optimal solutions to scheduling problems involving 50-60 sensors with processing time in the order of seconds.

关键词： sensor networks

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Optimal adaptive array and angle tracking of multiple targets - A re-examination of optimal array processing

Optimal adaptive array and angle tracking of multiple target...

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4th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Gu, Huaijin Louisiana Tech Univ Ruston LA USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

The optimal array for detecting the signal from a desired direction but contaminated by receiver noise and strong interference from different sources with unknown arriving-angles is re-examined. The well-known optimal array is obtained by inverting the covariance matrix of interference and noise to maximize the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR). In practice, the covariance matrix is unknown and has to be estimated by a sample covariance matrix. The optimal array is thus estimated by inverting the sample covariance matrix. This procedure has been employed in optimal array research without challenge. However, it is shown in this paper that the estimated optimal array fails to yield the highest SINR in the case of unknown arriving-angles. Instead the highest SINR can be achieved by optimally estimating the arriving-angles of interference followed by a constrained matched filter, which maximizes the signal to noise ratio subject to canceling the interference from the estimated arriving-angles. In order to reduce the computational burden, an angle-tracking system for multiple targets is adopted to achieve the optimal estimation of arriving-angles. The resulting system of angle-tracking adaptive array offers the highest SINR at a computational burden only on the order of N . M-2 multiplications within a radar range-cell Delta tau, rather than N-3 multiplications in the well-known but questionable estimated optimal array. Here N is the number of sensors in the array and M the number of interference sources. Typically, N = 1,000 in a planar radar array, M = 2 similar to 10 and Delta tau = 1 mu S. Numerical simulations confirm the theoretical results.

关键词： array processing

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Node density and range improvement in cooperative networks using randomized Sspace-time block coding with time synchronization errors

Node density and range improvement in cooperative networks u...

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4th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Palat, Ramesh Chembil Annamalai, A. Reed, Jeffrey H. Virginia Tech Mobile & Portable Radio Res Grp Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

Cooperative communication in energy-constrained networks is a topic of emerging interest in recent years especially for sensor network applications. We consider cooperative transmission from a cluster of nodes to a remote receiver. The transmission protocol used is randomized orthogonal space-time block coding, which allows each node to randomly transmit one column of a given orthogonal space-time code matrix. Previous work on the topic has shown that the scheme can achieve maximum possible diversity order for a given SNR as the number of cooperating nodes increases. In this paper we examine the range extension achievable under realistic conditions accounting for time synchronization errors and use of pulse shaping filters. We show that the scaling of range as the number of nodes increase with timing error is not linear. It reaches a limit beyond which range improvement is not significant.

关键词： sensor networks

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