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High resolution direction of arrival estimation methods applied to measurements from a digital array antenna

High resolution direction of arrival estimation methods appl...

引用

sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： S. Bjorklund A. Heydarkhan Defence Research Establishment Linkoping Sweden

At the Defence Research Establishment of Sweden (FOA) an experimental S-band receiving digital array antenna for radar applications has been designed and built. It consists of a horizontal uniform linear array (ULA) of 12 antenna elements, whose digitized signals are processed in non-real time in a computer. Accurate calibration is utilized. We have compared several spectral and parametric direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation methods for varying DOA separations, number of samples and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) on measured data from an anechoic chamber. At ideal conditions the resolution can be improved considerably with model based DOA methods compared to conventional beamforming. We achieved a resolution below 1/10 of the resolution of conventional beamforming.

关键词： Direction of arrival estimation signal resolution Linear antenna arrays array signal processing Antenna arrays Radar antennas Receiving antennas Radar applications signal processing Calibration

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Downlink capacity enhancement by employing SDMA in GSM

Downlink capacity enhancement by employing SDMA in GSM

引用

sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： A. Alexiou Ran-Hong Yan Global Wireless Systems Research Bell Laboratories Lucent Technologies Inc. Swindon UK

In this paper we investigate the downlink capacity enhancement in GSM by employing an antenna array at the base station. The space division multiple access (SDMA) approach allows multiple users to be served on the same frequency and time slot. The proposed two-dimensional channel model reflects a realistic spatio-temporal scenario of scatterers and is compatible with GSM specifications. The downlink beamforming scheme employed, based on the estimation of spatial covariance matrices, maximises the average carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR), but may suffer from the non-observability of the downlink channel in FDD. To overcome this problem, a frequency transposition technique is used to approximate the downlink from the uplink channel second order statistics. Furthermore, in order to ensure that CIR for each user is kept above a required level and to optimise the trade-off between capacity and CIR performance, two spatial channel allocation strategies are applied. The resulting capacity enhancement is evaluated via simulations in terms of several system parameters.

关键词： Downlink Multiaccess communication GSM Antenna arrays Base stations Frequency conversion Scattering array signal processing Covariance matrix Statistics

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Fast rank-adaptive beamforming

Fast rank-adaptive beamforming

引用

sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： T. McWhorter Mission Research Corporation Monterrey CA USA

This paper is concerned with the construction of an adaptive beamformer, which uses the dominant subspace information of a sample covariance matrix. We assume that the sample covariance matrix and its eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) are to be updated as data arrive. We present a unified structure for updating the EVD and introduce a robust method for adapting the rank of the dominant subspace. We use the EVD of the sample covariance matrix to build a fast rank-and weight-adaptive beamformer. A useful component of the beamforming routine is a fast algorithm for updating the estimates of the direction of arrival of the dominant sources.

关键词： array signal processing Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Covariance matrix Matrix decomposition Robustness Stochastic processes Performance evaluation Algorithm design and analysis Bibliographies Joining processes

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Numerically-robust adaptive subspace tracking using Householder transformations

Numerically-robust adaptive subspace tracking using Househol...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： S.C. Douglas Department of Electrical Engineering Southern Methodist University Dallas TX USA

We develop simple principal and minor subspace tracking algorithms that exactly maintain the orthonormality of the subspace matrix estimate over time. Each of these algorithms use m identical Householder transformations to update the rows of the subspace matrix estimate at each time instant. Unlike many other approaches, ours have asymptotic complexities that scale linearly with the number of adaptive coefficients. We show that existing gradient-based and projection approximation subspace tracking (PAST) methods are first-order approximate versions of our proposed methods, and we also derive several more-accurate approximations. Simulations verify the numerical behavior of the proposed methods in subspace tracking tasks.

关键词： Approximation algorithms array signal processing signal processing Pattern recognition Data visualization Data mining Algorithm design and analysis

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Detection of more uncorrelated Gaussian sources than sensors using fully augmentable sparse antenna arrays

Detection of more uncorrelated Gaussian sources than sensors...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Y.I. Abramovich N.K. Spencer A.Y. Gorakhov Cooperative Research Centre for Sensor Signal and Information Processing Mawson Lakes SA Australia

We introduce a new approach to the detection problem for "fully augmentable" arrays (whose set of intersensor differences is complete). We propose a transformation of the directly augmented (non-positive-definite) Toeplitz matrix into a p.d. Toeplitz matrix T/sub /spl mu// with the proper number of equal minimum eigenvalues, appropriate for the candidate number of sources /spl mu/. Comparison of the results of these best-fit transformations over the range of candidates then allows us to select the most likely number of sources m/spl circ/ using traditional criteria. Simulation results demonstrate the high performance of this method.

关键词： sensor arrays Antenna arrays Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Direction of arrival estimation Covariance matrix Statistics signal processing Information processing Lakes Australia

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Combining transmit beamforming and orthogonal space-time block codes by utilizing side information

Combining transmit beamforming and orthogonal space-time blo...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： G. Jongren M. Skoglund B. Ottersten Signal Processing Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

Efficient space-time codes have been developed that achieve a large portion of the capacity available in communication systems employing multiple transmit and receive antennas. These codes are designed under the assumption that the transmitter has no knowledge about the channel. In this work, on the other hand, we consider the case when the transmitter has partial, but not perfect, knowledge about the channel and how to improve the code so that this fact is taken into account. A transmit scheme is proposed that combines the benefits of conventional beamforming with those given by orthogonal space-time block codes. Simulation results using four transmit antennas demonstrate significant gains.

关键词： array signal processing Block codes Transmitters Receiving antennas Space time codes Transmitting antennas Fading signal processing Space technology Antenna arrays

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Spatial characterization of indoor radio channel measurements at 5 GHz

Spatial characterization of indoor radio channel measurement...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： R. Stridh B. Ottersten Department of Signals Sensors & Systems Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

Multiple transmitters and receivers can be used to provide high link capacity in future wireless systems. Herein analysis of real indoor environment multiple-input-multiple-output measurements on the 5.8 GHz band is performed. The possible increase in capacity, utilizing multiple transmit and receive elements is examined. The gain possible when using channel knowledge at both transmitter and receiver is shown and the capacity dependence on the intra-element distance is examined for the experimental system and compared to simulations.

关键词： Indoor radio communication Wireless LAN MIMO Radio transmitters Transmitting antennas Receiving antennas Handheld computers sensor phenomena and characterization sensor systems Receivers

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multichannel matched transmit-receiver design in presence of signal-dependent interference and noise

Multichannel matched transmit-receiver design in presence of...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： S.U. Pillai H.S. Oh J.R. Guerci Department of Electrical Engineering Polytechnic University Brooklyn NY USA DARPN SPO Arlington VA USA

In presence of targets that respond to transmitter diversity such as polarization, to maximize the output SINR, it becomes necessary to jointly optimize the transmit signal vector and the receiver bank of filters in presence of signal dependent interference and noise. This multichannel matched transmitter-receiver structure is superior to its scalar counterpart, since several aspects of the signal dependent interference spectrum are "brought to light" in this case. The cross-interference spectral matrices in fact contain much more information compared to the single channel case, and despite the highly nonlinear nature of the problem, it is possible to derive a closed form solution for the optimum matched receiver filter bank. In addition, an iterative algorithm that appears to converge for all SINR is proposed to determine the optimum transmit signal vector.

关键词： signal design Interference signal to noise ratio sensor arrays Transmitters Polarization Radar clutter Closed-form solution Iterative algorithms Layout

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A retina-like CMOS sensor and its applications

A retina-like CMOS sensor and its applications

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： G. Sandini P. Questa D. Scheffer B. Diericks A. Mannucci LIRA-Laboratories DIST University of Genoa Italy Aitek S.r.l Genoa Italy IMEC Belgium Video Display Systems S. r. l Italy

This paper describes the implementation in silicon of a retina-like sensor characterized by a space-variant resolution similar to that of the human retina. Besides the actual implementation using CMOS technology, the design peculiarities of retina-like sensors are compared with the use of software or hardware electronic remappers. The paper also describes the realization of a retina-like digital camera and its applications for real-time control and image transmission.

关键词： sensor phenomena and characterization Application software CMOS technology Silicon Humans Retina CMOS image sensors Space technology Hardware Digital cameras

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Multitone sensor gain calibration in an uncertain underwater environment

Multitone sensor gain calibration in an uncertain underwater...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： I. Avital J. Tabrikian H. Messer Department of EE-Systems Tel-Aviv University Tel-Aviv Israel Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beersheba Israel

array processing techniques for source detection and localization in an underwater acoustic environment are highly sensitive to both environmental modeling errors, such as sound propagation conditions, and sensor gain mismatch. Sonar arrays, which are normally rigorously calibrated before placement, may develop gain mismatch due to mechanical failures or local environmental variations, such as sediment build-up. In order to avoid performance degradation of detection and localization algorithms, a sensor gain calibration process can be carried out periodically. This paper proposes a maximum likelihood algorithm for sensor gain calibration in a shallow water environment. In the presence of environmental uncertainties, a robust algorithm is required, and such an algorithm is consequentially developed. The proposed method is based on the simultaneous estimation of the relative gains and the acoustic transfer function. To improve the accuracy of the sensor gain estimation, a-priori knowledge of the relationship between the sensor gains at different frequencies is exploited. The performance of the proposed calibration method is evaluated via simulations.

关键词： Calibration Acoustic sensors Mechanical sensors Frequency estimation array signal processing Acoustic signal detection Underwater tracking Underwater acoustics Acoustic propagation sensor arrays

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