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ACE16K:: A 128x128 Focal Plane Analog Processor with digital I/O. 7

ACE16K:: A 128x128 Focal Plane Analog Processor with digital...

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7th ieee International workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and Their Applications

作者： Liñán, G Rodríguez-Vázquez, A Espejo, S Domínguez-Castro, R CNM CSIC Edificio CICA Inst Microelect Sevilla Seville 41012 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)981238121X

This paper presents a new generation 128x128 Focal-Plane. Analog Programmable array Processor FPAPAP-, from a system level perspective, which has been manufactured in a 0.35mum standard digital 1P-5M CMOS technology. The chip has been designed to achieve the high-speed and moderate-accuracy -8b-requirements of most real time -early-vision processing applications. It is easily embedded in conventional digital hosting systems: external data interchange and control are completely digital. The chip contains close to four millions transistors, 90% of them working in analog mode, and exhibits a relatively low power consumption -<4W, i.e. less than 1muW per transistor. Computing vs. power peak values are in the order of 1TeraOPS/W, while maintained VGA processing throughputs of 100Frames/s are possible with about 10-20 basic image processing tasks on each frame.

关键词： Circuits CMOS technology Digital control Electronic mail Image processing Machine vision Pixel Retina sensor arrays signal processing

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Energy based collaborative source localization using acoustic micro-sensor array

Energy based collaborative source localization using acousti...

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ieee workshop on Multimedia signal processing

作者： Yu Hen Hu Dan Li Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780377133

A novel sensor network source localization method based on acoustic energy measurements is presented. This method makes use of the characteristics that the acoustic energy decays exponentially with respect to the distance from an omni-directional acoustic source. By comparing energy readings measured at surrounding acoustic sensors during the same time interval can be accurately estimated. We show that the potential target location is restricted to a hyper-sphere in the sensor field given the acoustic energy reading at a pair of sensors. Given multiple sensor acoustic energy readings, the target location is solved as the location that is closest (in the least square sense) to all the corresponding hyper-spheres. We further simplified this nonlinear least square problem to an unconstrained linear least square problem that yields a closed form solution. Experiment results using military vehicle acoustic data show great promise of this novel approach.

关键词： Collaboration Acoustic arrays Acoustic sensors Least squares methods sensor phenomena and characterization Energy measurement Acoustic measurements Time measurement Closed-form solution Vehicles

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Tracking of multiple wideband targets using passive sensor arrays and particle filters

Tracking of multiple wideband targets using passive sensor a...

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ieee Digital signal processing workshop

作者： V. Cevher J.H. McClellan Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Atlanta GA USA

In this paper, we present a way to track multiple maneuvering targets with varying time-frequency signatures. A particle filter is used to track targets that have constant speeds with changing heading directions. The target motion dynamics help the particle filter achieve an angular resolution otherwise not possible by the conventional beamforming techniques. Moreover, the particle filter has a built-in target association that eliminates the need for heuristic techniques commonly used in the multiple target tracking problems. Reference priors are used to derive the probability distribution function of the acoustic array outputs given the state of the multiple target states (MTS's). Local linearization is used to approximate the importance function used in the particle filter by a Gaussian pdf. Finally, computer simulations are used to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm with synthetic data.

关键词： sensor arrays Target tracking Particle tracking Wideband Particle filters Time frequency analysis array signal processing Probability distribution Acoustic arrays Computer simulation

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Error analysis of the pruned multi-angle resolution beamformer

Error analysis of the pruned multi-angle resolution beamform...

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ieee Digital signal processing workshop

作者： Yeo-Sun Yoon L.M. Kaplan J.H. McClellan Center for Signal and Image Processing School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA CTSPS Department of Engineering Clark Atlanta University Atlanta GA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780381165

Recently, we proposed the pruned fast beamformer that is able to detect coherent signals during beamforming. The fast beamformer is a multistage approximation to delay and sum beamforming. Using a coherent signal detector, the pruned fast beamformer is able to reduce the computational load by eliminating processing to resolve steering directions that do not contain a target-like source. This paper analyzes the performance of the detector and discusses how approximation errors in the fast beamformer effects detection performance. The results indicate that the coherence detectors is effective under the approximation errors.

关键词： Error analysis array signal processing sensor arrays signal processing Detectors Approximation error signal resolution signal detection Delay Performance analysis

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A linear filtering solution for color filter array interpolation

A linear filtering solution for color filter array interpola...

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ieee Digital signal processing workshop

作者： J.W. Glotzbach R.W. Schafer Atlanta GA USA

Digital cameras measure a color image by using color filters to interleave red, green, and blue samples across the charge coupled device (CCD) sensor. These samples must be interpolated to the resolution of the sensor to produce a full-color image. Adams and Hamilton proposed an interpolation method for the green image where for each missing sample, an estimate was computed by interpolating along a vertical or horizontal direction. In this method, red, green, and blue samples were used to estimate the green value. This paper provides an analysis of this method and simplifies the algorithm by removing the directional processing. The new method uses one interpolation filter for the green pixels and one interpolation filter for the red and blue pixels. Because the proposed method is a linear system, it runs efficiently on a DSP system. The quality of the output images from the proposed method is equivalent to the quality of the images from the Adams and Hamilton method.

关键词： Maximum likelihood detection Nonlinear filters Interpolation Charge-coupled image sensors Digital cameras Current measurement Charge measurement Color Digital filters Charge coupled devices

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On the capacity of the reachback channel in wireless sensor networks

On the capacity of the reachback channel in wireless sensor ...

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ieee workshop on Multimedia signal processing

作者： J. Barros S.D. Servetto Institute for Communications Engineering (LNT) Munich University of Technology Germany School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Comell University Medical College USA

We consider the problem of reachback communication in wireless sensor networks: multiple sensors are deployed on a field, and they collect local measurements of some random process which then need to be encoded and reproduced at a remote location. In this paper we present a number of information theoretic bounds on the performance of a distributed transmission array that is formed by a large number of cheap, unreliable sensors. We formulate this problem in terms of classical network information theory concepts, formulation which leads us to consider two important cases: transmission of correlated sources over multiple independent channels, and rate/distortion with separate encoders.

关键词： Intelligent networks Wireless sensor networks Spaceborne radar Throughput Large-scale systems Radar imaging Uniform resource locators Synthetic aperture radar Computer networks Context

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Dual-use signal processing for a multiple-sensor system: sonar and optical image processing for underwater obstacle avoidance

Dual-use signal processing for a multiple-sensor system: son...

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ieee sensorS

作者： T.M. Massengill D.M. Wilson Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA

A novel method for streamlining two different signals from sonar and optical sensors into a single signal processing flow to implement an obstacle avoidance algorithm is presented. The processing architecture consists of a custom fabricated analog smoothing array and a microcontroller The combination of these two elements reduces power requirements well below that of a DSP performing a similar algorithm enabling a necessary increase of endurance for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). Both signals utilize the same signal path and the final heading decision is made with the microcontroller through a simple and low-power differencing and accumulation process.

关键词： Optical signal processing Sonar Image processing signal processing algorithms signal processing Optical sensors Microcontrollers Streaming media array signal processing Image motion analysis

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Multi-target tracking with stored program adaptive CNN universal machines

Multi-target tracking with stored program adaptive CNN unive...

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ieee International workshop on Cellular Nanoscale Networks and their Applications, (CNNA)

作者： C. Rekeczky G. Timar G. Cserey Analogical and Neural Computing Systems Laboratory Computer and Automation Research Institute Hungarian Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI) Budapest Hungary

This paper shows that the performance of multi-target tracking (MTT) systems can be significantly increased with stored program adaptive cellular array sensors. The primary motivation of the present work is to define a topographic microprocessor architecture for MTT with embedded sensors capable of operating in a process real-time manner. In the ongoing experiments it is assumed that the input data flow is acquired by a single array sensor and the data is processed on an adaptive CNN-UM architecture consisting of both a cellular nonlinear network (CNN) and digital signal processing (DSP) microprocessors. The algorithms designed for this combined hardware platform use adaptive multi-channel CNN solutions for instantaneous position estimation and morphological characterization of all visible targets and the DSP environment for distance calculation, gating, data association, track maintenance and dynamic target motion prediction. A special feature of the architecture is that it allows interactive communication between the sensor and the digital environment. The configuration of functional modules for various real-time applications is discussed. Using real-life video-flows, successful tracking of several maneuvering targets is demonstrated within the proposed adaptive multi-channel framework.

关键词： Cellular neural networks Turing machines sensor arrays Digital signal processing Adaptive arrays Microprocessors sensor phenomena and characterization Target tracking sensor systems Cellular networks

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Broadband array design in a broad sense

Broadband array design in a broad sense

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Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

作者： Qingsheng Zeng D. O'Shaughnessy Communications Rcscarch Centre Ottawa ONT Canada INRS-Telecommunications Montreal QUE Canada

On the basis of our previous investigations, we present our methodology of broadband array design in a general sense, viz., the design of an array with both a frequency-invariant pattern and frequency-invariant gain at the same time along with less sensitivity to errors. We use a linear symmetric space-tapered array with frequency-dependent sensor weights that are obtained through a design procedure based on the Legendre transformation technique and maintain a desirable beam pattern within a specified frequency range. Then, based on the design of an array with frequency-invariant gain, we determine the frequency-dependent constraint parameter values that maintain desirable array gain over the same specified frequency range. Moreover, we illustrate the feasibility of the design procedure through the superposition of the gain values at the design and intermediate frequencies and the superposition of the white noise gain values at the design and intermediate frequencies.

关键词： Frequency sensor arrays White noise array signal processing signal design signal detection Interference Filtering Telecommunication computing Maintenance engineering

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Time domain blind source separation of non-stationary convolved signals by utilizing geometric beamforming

Time domain blind source separation of non-stationary convol...

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ieee workshop on Neural Networks for signal processing

作者： R. Aichner S. Araki S. Makino T. Nishikawa H. Saruwatari NTT Communication Science Laboratories NTT Corporation Kyoto Japan University of Applied Sciences Regensburg Germany Telecommunications Laboratory University of Erlangen Nuremberg Germany Nara Institute of Science and Technology Ikoma Japan

We propose a time-domain blind source separation (BSS) algorithm that utilizes geometric information such as sensor positions and assumed locations of sources. The algorithm tackles the problem of convolved mixtures by explicitly exploiting the non-stationarity of the acoustic sources. The learning rule is based on second-order statistics and is derived by natural gradient minimization. The proposed initialization of the algorithm is based on the null beamforming principle. This method leads to improved separation performance, and the algorithm is able to estimate long unmixing FIR filters in the time domain due to the geometric initialization. We also propose a post-filtering method for dewhitening which is based on the scaling technique in frequency-domain BSS. The validity of the proposed method is shown by computer simulations. Our experimental results confirm that the algorithm is capable of separating real-world speech mixtures and can be applied to short learning data sets down to a few seconds. Our results also confirm that the proposed dewhitening post-filtering method maintains the spectral content of the original speech in the separated output.

关键词： Blind source separation Source separation Finite impulse response filter Speech Frequency domain analysis array signal processing Acoustic sensors Laboratories Time domain analysis Statistics

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