Summary form only given. We highlight a fruitful interplay between biology and computation. The sequencing of complete genomes from multiple organisms has revealed that most differences in organism complexity are due ...
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Summary form only given. We highlight a fruitful interplay between biology and computation. The sequencing of complete genomes from multiple organisms has revealed that most differences in organism complexity are due to elements of gene regulation that reside in the non protein coding portions of genes. Both within and between species, transcription factor binding sites and the proteins that recognize them govern the activity of cellular pathways that mediate adaptive responses and survival. Experimental identification of these regulatory elements is by nature a slow process. The availability of complete genomic sequences, however, opens the door for computational methods to predict binding sites and expedite our understanding of gene regulation at a genomic level. Just as with traditional experimental approaches, the computational identification of the molecular factors that control a gene's expression level has been problematic. As a case in point, the identification of putative motifs is a challenging combinatorial task. For it, powerful new motif finding algorithms and high performance implementations are described. Heavy use is made of graph algorithms, some of which are exceedingly computationally intensive and involve the use of emergent mathematical methods. An approach to fully dynamic load balancing is developed in order to make effective use of highly parallel platforms.
Edit distance has been extensively studied for the past several years. Nevertheless, no linear-time algorithm is known to compute the edit distance between two strings, or even to approximate it to within a modest fac...
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Edit distance has been extensively studied for the past several years. Nevertheless, no linear-time algorithm is known to compute the edit distance between two strings, or even to approximate it to within a modest factor. Furthermore, for various natural algorithmic problems such as low-distortion embeddings into normed spaces, approximate nearest-neighbor schemes, and sketching algorithms, known results for the edit distance are rather weak. We develop algorithms that solve gap versions of the edit distance problem: given two strings of length n with the promise that their edit distance is either at most k or greater than /spl lscr/, decide which of the two holds. We present two sketching algorithms for gap versions of edit distance. Our first algorithm solves the k vs. (kn)/sup 2/3/ gap problem, using a constant size sketch. A more involved algorithm solves the stronger k vs. /spl lscr/ gap problem, where /spl lscr/ can be as small as O(k/sup 2/) - still with a constant sketch - but works only for strings that are mildly "nonrepetitive". Finally, we develop an n/sup 3/7/-approximation quasilinear time algorithm for edit distance, improving the previous best factor of n/sup 3/4/ (Cole and Hariharan, 2002); if the input strings are assumed to be nonrepetitive, then the approximation factor can be strengthened to n/sup 1/3/.
We have used advanced signal processing and innovative image processing methods that are used outside the operating room. The software is written in C++ in a windows environment and can be used on any PC. Applications...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780377834
We have used advanced signal processing and innovative image processing methods that are used outside the operating room. The software is written in C++ in a windows environment and can be used on any PC. Applications will be discussed along with computationalintelligence as used for diagnostic purposes and as visualization aids inside and outside the operating room. Subjects to be discussed, include blood cell classification, mammography, evoked potentials, ophthalmology, EEG and field potentials in Parkinson's disease. The latter methods along with 3D reconstruction of MRI images of Parkinson's patients, are currently used in the operating room for target assessment and electrode placement.
Modeling, simulation, visualization, and animation play a significant role in the study of bioinformatics. Research in this area is generally multidisciplinary in nature and collaboratively conducted by researchers wi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769520006
Modeling, simulation, visualization, and animation play a significant role in the study of bioinformatics. Research in this area is generally multidisciplinary in nature and collaboratively conducted by researchers with expertise in biology, bioinformatics, computer science, artificial intelligence, mathematics, and statistics. Easel programming language is used for modeling, simulation, visualization, and animation of interactions of cells in order to better understand the basics of biological processes and to predict their likely behaviors. This paper presents a computer science - modeling, simulation, visualization, and animation approach to such research. The paper provides a brief overview of the basic ideas in the "Message Passing" Easel program to demonstrate the transmission of signals between cells based on their physical proximity.
In the field of biological regulation, models obtained from experimental biology are usually complex networks of induction and repression between genes. Due to the development of high throughput genomic, it is now nec...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769519431
In the field of biological regulation, models obtained from experimental biology are usually complex networks of induction and repression between genes. Due to the development of high throughput genomic, it is now necessary to treat large scale networks. The challenge is to automatically analyze their behaviour. Here, we propose a formal framework to define this Biological Regulatory Networks. Our model is derived from R. Thomas representation, where a biological regulatory network can be seen as a discrete model. We propose a formal definition of such representation. We separate the static part (description of the systems)from the dynamic one (we develop two semantics, synchronous or asynchronous, to illustrate our method). A software environment to support this framework is also described. This software, developed to be used by biologists, can be used to rapidly obtain a prototype describing the behaviour of the system, to product simulations and to automatize proofs of properties.
This project represents an interdisciplinary approach to integrating computational methods into the knowledge-discovery process associated with understanding biological systems impacted by the loss or destruction of s...
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This project represents an interdisciplinary approach to integrating computational methods into the knowledge-discovery process associated with understanding biological systems impacted by the loss or destruction of sensitive habitats. We specifically developed bioinformatics tools for the study of (1) beach mouse communities and (2) marginal fish habitats. Data mining was used in these projects to intelligently query databases and to elucidate broad patterns that facilitate overall data interpretation. Visualization techniques that were developed present mined data in ways where context, perceptual cues, and spatial reasoning skills can be applied to uncover significant trends in behavioral patterns, habitat use, species diversity, and community composition.
Development of new text and graphical input devices is considered to be important part of human-computer interaction by many researchers worldwide. The paper presents our experience with the text recognition methods t...
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Development of new text and graphical input devices is considered to be important part of human-computer interaction by many researchers worldwide. The paper presents our experience with the text recognition methods that we have developed for a new designed electronic pen that produces signals corresponding to the movement of the pen on paper. Signals are described by a set of primitives and hidden Markov models are used for word recognition. Results of tests are discussed as well as other possible application areas of our electronic pen.
Modeling, simulation, visualization, and animation play a significant role in the study of bioinformatics. Research in this area is generally multidisciplinary in nature and collaboratively conducted by researchers wi...
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Modeling, simulation, visualization, and animation play a significant role in the study of bioinformatics. Research in this area is generally multidisciplinary in nature and collaboratively conducted by researchers with expertise in biology, bioinformatics, computer science, artificial intelligence, mathematics, and statistics. Easel programming language is used for modeling, simulation, visualization, and animation of interactions of cells in order to better understand the basics of biological processes and to predict their likely behaviors. This paper presents a computer science modeling, simulation, visualization, and animation approach to such research. The paper provides a brief overview of the basic ideas in the "Message Passing" Easel program to demonstrate the transmission of signals between cells based on their physical proximity.
In the last years, event-based communication paradigm has been largely studied and considered as a promising approach to develop the communication infrastructure of distributed systems. RUBDES (Rule Based Distributed ...
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