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RESEARCH ISSUES IN VOLUME visualization

ieee COMPUTER graphics AND APPLICATIONS 1994年第2期14卷 63-67页

作者： KAUFMAN, A HOHNE, KH KRUGER, W ROSENBLUM, L SCHRODER, P UNIV HOSP EPPENDORF HAMBURGGERMANY ONR EUROPEAN OFF LONDONENGLAND PRINCETON UNIV PRINCETONNJ 08544

Volume visualization is a method of extracting meaningful information from volumetric data sets through the use of interactive graphics and imaging. It addresses the representation, manipulation, and rendering of volumetric data sets, providing mechanisms for peering into structures and understanding their complexity and dynamics. Typically, the data set is represented as a 3D regular grid of volume elements (voxels) and stored in a volume buffer (also called a cubic frame buffer), which is a large 3D array of voxels. However, data is often defined at scattered or irregular locations that require using alternative representations and rendering algorithms. There are eight major research issues in volume visualization: volume graphics, volume rendering, transform coding of volume data, scattered data, enriching volumes with knowledge, segmentation, real-time rendering and parallelism, and special purpose hardware.< >

关键词： data visualization Computer graphics Buffer storage Geophysics computing Rendering (computer graphics) Computer science Solid modeling Layout Mirrors Information technology

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RESEARCH ISSUES IN VECTOR AND TENSOR FIELD visualization

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ieee COMPUTER graphics AND APPLICATIONS 1994年第2期14卷 76-79页

作者： HESSELINK, L POST, FH VANWIJK, JJ DELFT UNIV TECHNOL DELFTNETHERLANDS NETHERLANDS ENERGY RES FDN PETTENNETHERLANDS

Today, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) research is almost impossible without computer-generated visualizations of the very large amounts of data resulting from numerical simulations. Although good techniques now exist for analysis of scalar data, most existing techniques for the visualization of vector fields-the predominant data type in CFD-meet only part of what is required. Common techniques such as arrow plots, streamlines, and particles work well for 2D applications, but for 3D data sets they often lead to cluttered displays. For tensors, which are much more complex and abstract entities the problem is even more severe. There is a real need for visualization, but there are no simple solutions. Many researchers have recognized this challenge and developed new techniques. We restrict ourselves to open research issues. We proceed in three ways. First, we propose a classification of existing vector and tensor field visualization techniques based on work by Delmarcelle and Hesselink (1994) and point out research gaps in this classification scheme. Second, we discuss feature-based visualization, which shows higher level descriptions derived from elementary data. Third, we consider the role of visualization in the research process, again revealing gaps in our current know-how concerning visualization of vector and tensor fields.

关键词： TENSOR FIELDS visualization data types Tensor Cloning Vectors classification scheme

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parallel POLYGON RENDERING FOR MESSAGE-PASSING ARCHITECTURES

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ieee parallel & DISTRIBUTED TECHNOLOGY 1994年第2期2卷 17-28页

作者： CROCKETT, TW ORLOFF, T MINERVA SOFTWARE MINNEAPOLISMN 55415

Applications such as real-time animation and scientific visualization demand high performance for rendering complex 3D abstract data models into 2D images. As large applications migrate to highly parallel supercomputers, how can we exploit the available parallelism to keep the rendering on the supercomputer? To answer this question, we developed a parallel polygon renderer for general-purpose MIMD distributed-memory message-passing systems. It exploits object-level and image-level parallelism, and can run on systems containing from one processor to a number bounded by the number of scan lines in the resulting image. Unlike earlier approaches, ours multiplexes the transformation and rasterization phases on the same machine. This reduces memory usage and network contention, and overlaps computation and communication.

关键词： Rendering (computer graphics) parallel processing Supercomputers Application software Computer architecture Computer applications Computer graphics data structures Round robin Image segmentation

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A compact volume rendering accelerator

A compact volume rendering accelerator

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1994 symposium on Volume visualization, VVS 1994

作者： Knittel, Günter Straßer, Wolfgang Auf der Morgenstelle 10 C9 TübingenD-72076 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0897917413

We describe the architecture of a hardware accelerator for volume rendering. The system basically consists of four VLSI chips and the volume memory and represents a singleboard solution to the computational challenges of volume visualization. It generates arbitrary perspective projections, so that walk-through examinations are possible. The classification of structures of interest is an integral part of the rendering pipeline. Image quality is enhanced by providing Phong shading, depth-cueing and support for translucency. Despite its compactness and algorithmic complexity, the system is able to render 2563 data sets at a sustained frame generation rate of about 2.5Hz. © 1995 ieee.

关键词： parallel processing systems

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Distributed, parallel, interactive volume rendering package

Distributed, parallel, interactive volume rendering package

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Proceedings of the 1994 ieee visualization Conference

作者： Rowlan, John S. Lent, G.Edward Gokhale, Nihar Bradshaw, Shannon Argonne Natl Lab Argonne United States

This paper presents a parallel ray-casting volume rendering algorithm and its implementation on the massively parallel IBM SP-1 computer using the Chameleon message passing library. Though this algorithm takes advantage of many of the unique features of the SP-1 (e.g. high-speed switch, large memory per node, high-speed disk array, HIPPI display, et al), the use of Chameleon allows the code to be executed on any collection of workstations. The algorithm is image-ordered and distributes the data and the computational load to individual processors. After the volume data is distributed, all processors then perform local raytracing of their respective subvolumes concurrently. No interprocess communication takes place during the ray tracing process. After a subimage is generated by each processor, the final image is obtained by composing subimages between all the processors. The program itself is implemented as an interactive process through a GUI residing on a graphics workstation which is coupled to the parallel rendering algorithm via sockets. The paper highlights the Chameleon implementation, the GUI, some optimization improvements, static load balancing, and direct parallel display to a HIPPI framebuffer.

关键词： Computer vision

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PORTAL: a communication library for visualization of distributed, asynchronous data

PORTAL: a communication library for visualization of distrib...

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Scalable High Performance Computing Conference

作者： J.S. Rowlan B.T. Wightman Mathematics Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL USA Computer Science Department University of Wisconsin Oshkosh WI USA

We present a method for collecting and visualizing data generated by a parallel computational simulation during run time. data distributed across multiple processes is sent across parallel communication lines to a workstation, which sorts and queues the data for visualization. We have implemented the method in a set of tools called PORTAL (parallel architecture data-transfer library). The tools comprise generic routines for sending data from a parallel program (callable from C or FORTRAN), and a run-time connection to the scientific visualization program AVS. The method is most valuable when used to examine large datasets that can be efficiently generated and do not need to be stored on disk.< >

关键词： Portals Libraries data visualization graphics large-scale systems Workstations Animation Laboratories parallel processing Sockets

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Graphical assistance in parallel program development

Graphical assistance in parallel program development

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ieee symposium on Visual Languages

作者： Kang Zhang Wanli Ma Department of Computing Macquarie University NSW Australia Computer Sciences Laboratory Australian National University ACT Australia

ISBN: (纸本)0818666609

Researchers have proposed many visualisation tools that assist the development of parallel programs. A number of graph formalisms or notations-which we call graph models-have been used to visualise various aspects of parallel programs and their executions. The paper attempts to classify and compare these graph models which provide different information at different stages of parallel program development.< >

关键词： Computer graphics Concurrent computing Taxonomy data visualization Laboratories parallel programming Design optimization Software debugging Hardware Reflection

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parallel roadmaps: discrete to continuous

Parallel roadmaps: discrete to continuous

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ieee symposium on Visual Languages

作者： I. Exman D. Citron Institute of Computer Science Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel

parallel Roadmaps are apparently naive visual constructs, which remain intelligible and provide invaluable debugging clues as program complexity increases. With a few activities, roadmaps are discrete and detailed. With large numbers of them, continuous regions are formed by coalescing of adjacent activities. The main thesis of this paper is that a smooth transition from discrete to continuous maps, without changing the basic graphical entities, is an effective means to deal with parallelism at largely different scales.< >

关键词： parallel processing Debugging visualization Shape Resumes Computer science large-scale systems Monitoring data mining Binary trees

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visualization of whole body PET images

Visualization of whole body PET images

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ieee symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： A. Chatziioannou P.K. Banerjee K.A. Gardner M. Dahlbom Division of Nuclear Medicine Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology Crump Institute for Biochemical Imaging Crump Institute for Biochemical Imaging Los Angeles CA USA

Whole body PET (WB-PET) is used routinely as a clinical procedure for detection of primary and metastatic lesions. In the standard imaging protocol, up to 500 transaxial images are produced. To facilitate viewing of the large data set, only a limited set of coronal and sagittal cross sectional images are used for diagnostic review. Since these images only represent a sub-set of the entire image volume, it is desirable to develop visualization tools that would allow viewing of the full data set. A second factor that makes localization of lesions in WB-PET difficult is the fact that the emission images contain little or no anatomical information. A means to provide some level of anatomical orientation can be obtained from the transmission images. Here, the authors present a visualization package which allows 3-D visualization of the entire WB-PET image set, using surface rendering and image fusion techniques. The software allows real-time, simultaneous, reslicing of the emission and transmission data into arbitrary coronal and sagittal cross sectional slices. The package also provides near real time, 3-D rendering of transmission data, and merging of emission and transmission data. The software is based on the IDL visualization package and is currently implemented on a SUN SPARC/sup TM/ 10/41.< >

关键词： Whole-body PET data visualization Packaging Lesions Rendering (computer graphics) Metastasis Protocols Image fusion Merging Software packages

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Load balancing of parallel volume rendering with scattered decomposition

Load balancing of parallel volume rendering with scattered d...

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Scalable High Performance Computing Conference

作者： R.J. Karia Department of Computer Science Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia

A scheme for the visualization of large data volumes using volume rendering on a distributed memory MIMD system is described. The data to be rendered is decomposed into subvolumes to reside in the local memories of the system's nodes. A partial image of the local data is generated at each node by ray tracing, and is then composited with partial images on other nodes in the correct order to generate the complete Image. Subvolumes whose voxels are classified as being mapped to zero opacity are not rendered, giving rise to an imbalance of work amongst nodes. Scattered decomposition is used for load balancing, which on one hand: creates additional overheads in compositing and communication, but on the other, provides an improvement in throughput that is dependent on the characteristics of the data. Experimental results for a typical data set rendered on a 1024-node Fujitsu AP1000 are reported.< >

关键词： Load management Scattering Rendering (computer graphics) data visualization Ray tracing Computer science Application software Casting Throughput Proposals

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