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Scalable data servers for large multivariate volume visualization

ieee TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER graphics 2006年第5期12卷 1291-1298页

作者： Glatter, Markus Mollenhour, Colin Huang, Jian Gao, Jinzhu Univ Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA Oak Ridge Natl Lab Oak Ridge TN USA

Volumetric datasets with multiple variables on each voxel over multiple time steps are often complex, especially when considering the exponentially large attribute space formed by the variables in combination with the spatial and temporal dimensions. It is intuitive, practical, and thus often desirable, to interactively select a subset of the data from within that high-dimensional value space for efficient visualization. This approach is straightforward to implement if the dataset is small enough to be stored entirely in-core. However, to handle datasets sized at hundreds of gigabytes and beyond, this simplistic approach becomes infeasible and thus, more sophisticated solutions are needed. In this work, we developed a system that supports efficient visualization of an arbitrary subset, selected by range-queries, of a large multivariate time-varying dataset. By employing specialized data structures and schemes of data distribution, our system can leverage a large number of networked computers as parallel data servers, and guarantees a near optimal load-balance. We demonstrate our system of scalable data servers using two large time-varying simulation datasets.

关键词： parallel and distributed volume visualization large data set visualization multi-variate visualization volume visualization

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Hybrid Image-/data-parallel Rendering Using Island parallelism 12

Hybrid Image-/Data-Parallel Rendering Using Island Paralleli...

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12th ieee symposium on large-Scale data Analysis and visualization (LDAV)

作者： Zellmann, Stefan Wald, Ingo Barbosa, Joao Dermici, Serkan Sahistan, Alper Gudukbay, Ugur Univ Cologne Bonn Rhein Sieg Univ Appl Sci Cologne Germany NVIDIA Santa Clara CA USA INESC TEC Porto Portugal Univ Minho Braga Portugal Bilkent Univ Dept Comp Engn Ankara Turkey

ISBN: (数字)9781665491563

ISBN: (纸本)9781665491563

In parallel ray tracing, techniques fall into one of two camps: imageparallel techniques aim at increasing frame rate by replicating scene data across nodes and splitting the rendering work across different ranks, and data-parallel techniques aim at increasing the size of the model that can be rendered by splitting the model across multiple ranks, but typically cannot scale much in frame rate. We propose and evaluate a hybrid approach that combines the advantages of both by splitting a set of N x M ranks into M islands of N ranks each and using data-parallel rendering within each island and image parallelism across islands. We discuss the integration of this concept into four wildly different parallel renderers and evaluate the efficacy of this approach based on multiple different data sets.

关键词： Scalability Pipelines data visualization graphics processing units Switches parallel processing Ray tracing

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Streaming Ultra High Resolution Images to large Tiled Display at Nearly Interactive Frame Rate with vl3 5

Streaming Ultra High Resolution Images to Large Tiled Displa...

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ieee 5th symposium on large data Analysis and visualization (LDAV)

作者： Jiang, Jie Hereld, Mark Insley, Joseph Papka, Michael E. Rizzi, Silvio Uram, Thomas Vishwanath, Venkatram Univ Illinois Chicago IL 60607 USA Argonne Natl Lab Argonne IL 60439 USA Northern Illinois Univ De Kalb IL USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467385176

visualization of large-scale simulations running on supercomputers requires ultra-high resolution images to capture important features in the data. In this work, we present a system for streaming ultra-high resolution images from a visualization cluster to a remote tiled display at nearly interactive frame rates. vl3, a modular framework for large scale data visualization and analysis, provides the backbone of our implementation. With this system we are able to stream over the network volume renderings of a 2048(3) voxel dataset at a resolution of 6144x3072 pixels with a frame rate of approximately 3.3 frames per second.

关键词： I.3.1 [Computing Methodologies]: Computer graphics ??? Hardware Architecture: parallel Processing I.3.2 [Computing Methodologies]: Computer graphics ??? graphics Systems: Distributed/network graphic Frame Rate image resolution Streaming Resolving power supercomputer visualization Interactive images pixel Frame High definition

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Matching Visual Saliency to Confidence in Plots of Uncertain data

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ieee TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER graphics 2010年第6期16卷 980-989页

作者： Feng, David Kwock, Lester Lee, Yueh Taylor, Russell M., II Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27515 USA UNC Hosp Dept Radiol Chapel Hill NC USA

Conveying data uncertainty in visualizations is crucial for preventing viewers from drawing conclusions based on untrustworthy data points. This paper proposes a methodology for efficiently generating density plots of uncertain multivariate data sets that draws viewers to preattentively identify values of high certainty while not calling attention to uncertain values. We demonstrate how to augment scatter plots and parallel coordinates plots to incorporate statistically modeled uncertainty and show how to integrate them with existing multivariate analysis techniques, including outlier detection and interactive brushing. Computing high quality density plots can be expensive for large data sets, so we also describe a probabilistic plotting technique that summarizes the data without requiring explicit density plot computation. These techniques have been useful for identifying brain tumors in multivariate magnetic resonance spectroscopy data and we describe how to extend them to visualize ensemble data sets.

关键词： Uncertainty visualization brushing scatter plots parallel coordinates multivariate data

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Case study: Visualizing ocean currents with color and dithering

Case study: Visualizing ocean currents with color and dither...

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ieee symposium on parallel and large-data visualization and graphics

作者： Crossno, P Angel, E Munich, D Sandia Natl Labs Albuquerque NM 87185 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780372239

This case study presents several related approaches to visualizing flow information from large vector volumes generated by ocean circulation modeling. Flow vectors are mapped to colored pixels to enable global views of dense three-dimensional vector fields. Each of the approaches starts by classifying vector direction into a small number of colors. One approach then uses scaled linear interpolation to blend between adjacent directional colors. Two other approaches use half-toning and dithering methods to rapidly display flow information. By using opponent colors for our directional encoding, we can blend colors, either through linear interpolation or the user's visual system, into intermediate colors without expressly calculating them by a conversion to polar coordinates.

关键词： flow visualization vector field visualization color mapping dithering half-toning

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Geometric Quantification of Features in large Flow Fields

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ieee COMPUTER graphics AND APPLICATIONS 2012年第4期32卷 46-54页

作者： Kendall, Wesley Huang, Jian Peterka, Tom Univ Tennessee Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Knoxville TN 37996 USA Argonne Natl Lab Math & Comp Sci Div Argonne IL USA

Interactive exploration of flow features in large-scale 3D unsteady-flow data is one of the most challenging visualization problems today. To comprehensively explore the complex feature spaces in these datasets, a proposed system employs a scalable framework for investigating a multitude of characteristics from traced field lines. This capability supports the examination of various neighborhood-based geometric attributes in concert with other scalar quantities. Such an analysis wasn't previously possible because of the large computational overhead and I/O requirements. The system integrates visual analytics methods by letting users procedurally and interactively describe and extract high-level flow features. An exploration of various phenomena in a large global ocean-modeling simulation demonstrates the approach's generality and expressiveness as well as its efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： computer graphics Feature extraction geometric flow analysis Geometry large-scale data analysis large-scale systems parallel I/O particle tracing Three dimensional displays Visual analytics visualization

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Equalizer 2.0-Convergence of a parallel Rendering Framework

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ieee TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER graphics 2020年第2期26卷 1292-1307页

作者： Eilemann, Stefan Steiner, David Pajarola, Renato Univ Zurich Visualizat & MultiMedia Lab Dept Informat CH-8006 Zurich Switzerland

Developing complex, real world graphics applications which leverage multiple GPUs and computers for interactive 3D rendering tasks is a complex task. It requires expertise in distributed systems and parallel rendering in addition to the application domain itself. We present a mature parallel rendering framework which provides a large set of features, algorithms and system integration for a wide range of real-world research and industry applications. Using the $\mathsf{Equalizer}$Equalizer parallel rendering framework, we show how a wide set of generic algorithms can be integrated in the framework to help application scalability and development in many different domains, highlighting how concrete applications benefit from the diverse aspects and use cases of $\mathsf{Equalizer}$Equalizer. We present novel parallel rendering algorithms, powerful abstractions for large visualization setups and virtual reality, as well as new experimental results for parallel rendering and data distribution.

关键词： parallel rendering scalable visualization cluster graphics immersive environments display walls

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RESEARCH ISSUES IN VOLUME visualization

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ieee COMPUTER graphics AND APPLICATIONS 1994年第2期14卷 63-67页

作者： KAUFMAN, A HOHNE, KH KRUGER, W ROSENBLUM, L SCHRODER, P UNIV HOSP EPPENDORF HAMBURGGERMANY ONR EUROPEAN OFF LONDONENGLAND PRINCETON UNIV PRINCETONNJ 08544

Volume visualization is a method of extracting meaningful information from volumetric data sets through the use of interactive graphics and imaging. It addresses the representation, manipulation, and rendering of volumetric data sets, providing mechanisms for peering into structures and understanding their complexity and dynamics. Typically, the data set is represented as a 3D regular grid of volume elements (voxels) and stored in a volume buffer (also called a cubic frame buffer), which is a large 3D array of voxels. However, data is often defined at scattered or irregular locations that require using alternative representations and rendering algorithms. There are eight major research issues in volume visualization: volume graphics, volume rendering, transform coding of volume data, scattered data, enriching volumes with knowledge, segmentation, real-time rendering and parallelism, and special purpose hardware.< >

关键词： data visualization Computer graphics Buffer storage Geophysics computing Rendering (computer graphics) Computer science Solid modeling Layout Mirrors Information technology

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parallel Multi-Layer Ghost Cell Generation for Distributed Unstructured Grids 7

Parallel Multi-Layer Ghost Cell Generation for Distributed U...

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ieee 7th symposium on large data Analysis and visualization (LDAV)

作者： Patchett, John M. Nouanesengesy, Boonthanome Pouderoux, Joachim Ahrens, James Hagen, Hans TU Kaiserslautern Los Alamos Natl Lab Kaiserslautern Germany Los Alamos Natl Lab Los Angeles CA USA Kitware SAS Villeurbanne France TU Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781538606179

Ghost cells are important for distributed memory parallel operations that require neighborhood information, and are required for correctness on the boundaries of local data partitions. Ghost cells are one or more layers of grid cells surrounding the external boundary of the local partition, which are owned by other data partitions. They are used by the local partition when neighbor information is required. Finding ghost cells in structured data is trivial and can normally be done by calculating on cell indices. Obtaining ghost cells for unstructured grid data, however, is a nontrivial task. It requires an analysis of the connectivity of the grid in order to find neighbor cells. When the grid is distributed, the operation is further complicated by the need to determine which processes own the neighbor cells, and coordinating communication with them. This is a problem when operating on unstructured grid data sets that do not already have ghost cells. parallel visualization algorithms will usually assume that a cell does not exist if it is not in the local data partition. Without ghost cells, this leads to operations that need neighborhood information, such as point data interpolated from cell data, being calculated incorrectly at partition boundaries. Production visualization tools generally support the existence of ghost cells, but not their generation, especially for unstructured grids. In the literature, there is no documented algorithm for generating in parallel one or more layers of ghost cells for unstructured grid data which has already been partitioned. We present a new algorithm to compute ghost cells in parallel on distributed unstructured data sets with no global cell or point IDs. Given a partitioned data set without ghost cells, this algorithm is capable of producing any number of layers of ghost cells necessary to support parallel operations. Performance results and timing comparisons to ParaView's D3 filter are presented. A number of optimizations to th

关键词： I.3.2 [COMPUTER graphics]: graphics Systems-Distributed/network graphics G.1.0 [Mathematics of Computing]: Numerical Analysis-parallel Algorirthms

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Interactive ray tracing for volume visualization

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ieee TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER graphics 1999年第3期5卷 238-250页

作者： Parker, S Parker, M Livnat, Y Sloan, PP Hansen, C Shirley, P Univ Utah Dept Comp Sci Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA

We present a brute-force ray tracing system for interactive volume visualization. The system runs on a conventional (distributed) shared-memory multiprocessor machine. For each pixel we trace a ray through a volume to compute the color for that pixel. Although this method has high intrinsic computational cost, its simplicity and scalability make it ideal for large datasets on current high-end parallel systems. To gain efficiency several optimizations are used including a volume bricking scheme and a shallow data hierarchy. These optimizations are used in three separate visualization algorithms: isosurfacing of rectilinear data, isosurfacing of unstructured data, and maximum-intensity projection on rectilinear data. The system runs interactively (i.e., several frames per second) on an SGI Reality Monster. The graphics capabilities of the Reality Monster are used only for display of the final color image.

关键词： Ray tracing visualization Isosurface maximum-intensity projection.

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