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Interactive point-based rendering of higher-order tetrahedral data

ieee TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER graphics 2006年第5期12卷 1229-1236页

作者： Zhou, Yuan Garland, Michael Univ Illinois Dept Comp Sci Urbana IL 61801 USA

Computational simulations frequently generate solutions defined over very large tetrahedral volume meshes containing many millions of elements. Furthermore, such solutions may often be expressed using non-linear basis functions. Certain solution techniques, such as discontinuous Galerkin methods, may even produce non-conforming meshes. Such data is difficult to visualize interactively, as it is far too large to fit in memory and many common data reduction techniques, such as mesh simplification, cannot be applied to non-conforming meshes. We introduce a point-based visualization system for interactive rendering of large, potentially non-conforming, tetrahedral meshes. We propose methods for aclaptively sampling points from non-linear solution data and for decimating points at run time to fit GPU memory limits. Because these are streaming processes, memory consumption is independent of the input size. We also present an order-independent point rendering method that can efficiently render volumes on the order of 20 million tetrahedra at interactive rates.

关键词： interactive large higher-order tetrahedral volume visualization point-based visualization

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Enabling automatic clutter reduction in parallel coordinate plots

Enabling automatic clutter reduction in parallel coordinate ...

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ieee visualization Conference (Vis 2006)/ieee symposium on Information visualization (InfoVis 2006)

作者： Ellis, Geoffrey Dix, Alan Univ Lancaster Lancaster LA1 4YW England

We have previously shown that random sampling is an effective clutter reduction technique and that a sampling lens can facilitate focus+context viewing of particular regions. This demands an efficient method of estimating the overlap or occlusion of large numbers of intersecting lines in order to automatically adjust the sampling rate within the lens. This paper proposes several ways for measuring occlusion in parallel coordinate plots. An empirical study into the accuracy and efficiency of the occlusion measures show that a probabilistic approach combined with a 'binning' technique is very fast and yet approaches the accuracy of the more expensive 'true' complete measurement.

关键词： sampling random sampling lens clutter occlusion density reduction overplotting information visualisation parallel coordinates

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FacetMap: A scalable search and browse visualization

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ieee TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER graphics 2006年第5期12卷 797-804页

作者： Smith, Greg Czerwinski, Mary Meyers, Brian Robbins, Daniel Robertson, George Tan, Desney S. Microsoft Research. gregsmi@***

The dominant paradigm for searching and browsing large data stores is text-based: presenting a scrollable list of search results in response to textual search term input. While this works well for the Web, there is opportunity for improvement in the domain of personal information stores, which tend to have more heterogeneous data and richer metadata. In this paper, we introduce FacetMap, an interactive, query-driven visualization, generalizable to a wide range of metadata-rich data stores. FacetMap uses a visual metaphor for both input (selection of metadata facets as filters) and output. Results of a user study provide insight into tradeoffs between FacetMap's graphical approach and the traditional text-oriented approach.

关键词： graphical visualization interactive information retrieval faceted metadata

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The perceptual scalability of visualization

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ieee TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER graphics 2006年第5期12卷 837-844页

作者： Yost, Beth North, Chris IEEE

larger, higher resolution displays can be used to increase the scalability of information visualizations. But just how much can scalability increase using larger displays before hitting human perceptual or cognitive limits? Are the same visualization techniques that are. good on a single monitor also the techniques that are best when they are scaled up using large, high-resolution displays? To answer these questions we performed a controlled experiment on user performance time, accuracy, and subjective workload when scaling up data quantity with different space-time-attribute visualizations using a large, tiled display. Twelve college students used small multiples, embedded bar matrices, and embedded time-series graphs either on a 2 megapixel (Mp) display or with data scaled up using a 32 Mp tiled display. Participants performed various overview and detail tasks on geospatially-referenced multidimensional time-series data. Results showed that current designs are perceptually scalable because they result in a decrease in task completion time when normalized per number of data attributes along with no decrease in accuracy. It appears that, for the visualizations selected for this study, the relative comparison between designs is generally consistent between display sizes. However, results also suggest that encoding is more important on a smaller display while spatial grouping is more important on a larger display. Some suggestions for designers are provided based on our experience designing visualizations for large displays.

关键词： information visualization large displays empirical evaluation

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Spatial analysis of news sources

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ieee TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER graphics 2006年第5期12卷 765-771页

作者： Mehler, Andrew Bao, Yunfan Li, Xin Wang, Yue Skiena, Steven SUNY Stony Brook Dept Comp Sci Stony Brook NY 11794 USA

People in different places talk about different things. This interest distribution is reflected by the newspaper articles circulated in a particular area. We use data from our large-scale newspaper analysis system (Lydia) to make entity datamaps, a spatial visualization of the interest in a given named entity. Our goal is to identify entities which display regional biases. We develop a model of estimating the frequency of reference of an entity in any given city from the reference frequency centered in surrounding cities, and techniques for evaluating the spatial significance of this distribution.

关键词： GIS geographic visualization text and document visualization information analytics WWW data visualization spidering newspapers

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Full body virtual autopsies using a state-of-the-art volume rendering pipeline

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ieee TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER graphics 2006年第5期12卷 869-876页

作者： Ljung, Patric Winskog, Calle Persson, Anders Lundstrom, Claes Ynnerman, Anders Linkoping Univ Div Visual Informat Technol & Applicat Linkoping Sweden Natl Board Forens Med Dept Forens Med Linkoping Sweden Linkoping Univ Ctr Med Image Sci & Visualizat Linkoping Sweden

This paper presents a procedure for virtual autopsies based on interactive 3D visualizations of large scale, high resolution data from CT-scans of human cadavers. The procedure is described using examples from forensic medicine and the added value and future potential of virtual autopsies is shown from a medical and forensic perspective. Based on the technical demands of the procedure state-of-the-art volume rendering techniques are applied and refined to enable real-time, full body virtual autopsies involving gigabyte sized data on standard GPUs. The techniques applied include transfer function based data reduction using level-of-detail selection and multi-resolution rendering techniques. The paper also describes a data management component for large, out-of-core data sets and an extension to the GPU-based raycaster for efficient dual TF rendering. Detailed benchmarks of the pipeline are presented using data sets from forensic cases.

关键词： forensics autopsies medical visualization volume rendering large scale data

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visualization and analysis of large data collections: a case study applied to confocal microscopy data

Visualization and analysis of large data collections: a case...

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ieee visualization Conference (Vis 2006)/ieee symposium on Information visualization (InfoVis 2006)

作者： de Leeuw, Wim Verschure, Pernette J. van Liere, Robert CWI Ctr Math & Comp Sci NL-1009 AB Amsterdam Netherlands

In this paper we propose an approach in which interactive visualization and analysis are combined with batch tools for the processing of large data collections. large and heterogeneous data collections are difficult to analyze and pose specific problems to interactive visualization. Application of the traditional interactive processing and visualization approaches as well as batch processing encounter considerable drawbacks for such large and heterogeneous data collections due to the amount and type of data. Computing resources are not sufficient for interactive exploration of the data and automated analysis has the disadvantage that the user has only limited control and feedback on the analysis process. In our approach, an analysis procedure with features and attributes of interest for the analysis is defined interactively. This procedure is used for off-line processing of large collections of data sets. The results of the batch process along with "visual summaries" are used for further analysis. visualization is not only used for the presentation of the result, but also as a tool to monitor the validity and quality of the operations performed during the batch process. Operations such as feature extraction and attribute calculation of the collected data sets are validated by visual inspection. This approach is illustrated by an extensive case study, in which a collection of confocal microscopy data sets is analyzed.

关键词： biomedical visualization features in volume data sets large data set visualization

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Visual analysis of multivariate state transition graphs

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ieee TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER graphics 2006年第5期12卷 685-692页

作者： Pretorius, A. Johannes van Wijk, Jarke J. Tech Univ Eindhoven Dept Math & Comp Sci NL-5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands

We present a new approach for the visual analysis of state transition graphs. We deal with multivariate graphs where a number of attributes are associated with every node. Our method provides an interactive attribute-based clustering facility. Clustering results in metric, hierarchical and relational data, represented in a single visualization. To visualize hierarchically structured quantitative data, we introduce a novel technique: the bar tree. We combine this with a node-link diagram to visualize the hierarchy and an arc diagram to visualize relational data. Our method enables the user to gain significant insight into large state transition graphs containing tens of thousands of nodes. We illustrate the effectiveness of our approach by applying it to a real-world use case. The graph we consider models the behavior of an industrial wafer stepper and contains 55 043 nodes and 289 443 edges.

关键词： graph visualization multivariate visualization interactive clustering state spaces transition systems finite state machines

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Using difference intervals for time-varying isosurface visualization

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ieee TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER graphics 2006年第5期12卷 1275-1282页

作者： Waters, Kenneth W. Co, Christopher S. Joy, Kenneth I. Univ Calif Davis Inst Data Anal & Visualizat Davis CA 95616 USA

We present a novel approach to out-of-core time-varying isosurface visualization. We attempt to interactively visualize time-varying datasets which are too large to fit into main memory using a technique which is dramatically different from existing algorithms. Inspired by video encoding techniques, we examine the data differences between time steps to extract isosurface information. We exploit span space extraction techniques to retrieve operations necessary to update isosurface geometry from neighboring time steps. Because only the changes between time steps need to be retrieved from disk, I/O bandwidth requirements are minimized. We apply temporal compression to further reduce disk access and employ a point-based previewing technique that is refined in idle interaction cycles. Our experiments on computational simulation data indicate that this method is an extremely viable solution to large time-varying isosurface visualization. Our work advances the state-of-the-art by enabling all isosurfaces to be represented by a compact set of operations.

关键词： isosurface time-varying span space out-of-core point-based rendering

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visualization of fibrous and thread-like data

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ieee TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER graphics 2006年第5期12卷 1165-1172页

作者： Melek, Zeki Mayerich, David Yuksel, Cem Keyser, John Texas A&M Univ College Stn TX 77843 USA

Thread-like structures are becoming more common in modern volumetric data sets as our ability to image vascular and neural tissue at higher resolutions improves. The thread-like structures of neurons and micro-vessels pose a unique problem in visualization since they tend to be densely packed in small volumes of tissue. This makes it difficult for an observer to interpret useful patterns from the data or trace individual fibers. In this paper we describe several methods for dealing with large amounts of thread-like data, such as data sets collected using Knife-Edge Scanning Microscopy (KESM) and Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy (SBF-SEM). These methods allow us to collect volumetric data from embedded samples of whole-brain tissue. The neuronal and microvascular data that we acquire consists of thin, branching structures extending over very large regions. Traditional visualization schemes are not sufficient to make sense of the large, dense, complex structures encountered. In this paper, we address three methods to allow a user to explore a fiber network effectively. We describe interactive techniques for rendering large sets of neurons using self-orienting surfaces implemented on the GPU. We also present techniques for rendering fiber networks in a way that provides useful information about flow and orientation. Third, a global illumination framework is used to create high-quality visualizations that emphasize the underlying fiber structure. Implementation details, performance, and advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed.

关键词： neuron visualization GPU acceleration global illumination orientation filtering

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