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ieee symposium on Information visualization (INFOVIS)

作者： Jing Yang A. Patro Shiping Huang N. Mehta M.O. Ward E.A. Rundensteiner Computer Science Department Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA

Traditional multidimensional visualization techniques, such as glyphs, parallel coordinates and scatterplot matrices, suffer from clutter at the display level and difficult user navigation among dimensions when visualizing high dimensional datasets. In this paper, we propose a new multidimensional visualization technique named a value and relation (VaR) display, together with a rich set of navigation and selection tools, for interactive exploration of datasets with up to hundreds of dimensions. By explicitly conveying the relationships among the dimensions of a high dimensional dataset, the VaR display helps users grasp the associations among dimensions. By using pixel-oriented techniques to present values of the data items in a condensed manner, the VaR display reveals data patterns in the dataset using as little screen space as possible. The navigation and selection tools enable users to interactively reduce clutter, navigate within the dimension space, and examine data value details within context effectively and efficiently. The VaR display scales well to datasets with large numbers of data items by employing sampling and texture mapping. A case study on a real dataset, as well as the VaR displays of multiple real datasets throughout the paper, reveals how our proposed approach helps users interactively explore high dimensional datasets with large numbers of data items

关键词： Reactive power Navigation Scattering large screen displays data visualization Computer displays Visual databases data analysis Principal component analysis Computer science

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VRML scene graphs on an interactive ray tracing engine

VRML scene graphs on an interactive ray tracing engine

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ieee Annual International symposium Virtual Reality

作者： A. Dietrich I. Wald M. Wagner P. Slusallek Computer Graphics Group University of Saarland Saarbruecken Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0780384156

With the recent advances in ray tracing technology, high-quality image generation at interactive rates has finally become a reality. As a consequence ray tracing likely plays a larger role in visualization systems, enabling the conception and creation of completely new interactive graphics applications. In this paper, we describe the design and development of a ray tracing-based VRML browser and editor as a case study of such an application. It exploits all advantages of ray tracing, including physically-correct plug and play shading and support for large models. In particular we demonstrate how to overcome the limitations that result from existing scene graph libraries and data exchange formats still being targeted towards rasterization technology. Also we show how to extend the VRML lighting model and to optimize scene graph handling for ray tracing.

关键词： Layout Ray tracing Engines Virtual reality visualization Libraries Design optimization Manufacturing industries Process design Hardware

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Analysis of serial MR images of joints

Analysis of serial MR images of joints

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ieee International symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： K.K. Leung R.A. Heckemann N. Saeed K.J. Brooks J.B. Buckton K. Changani D.G. Reid D. Rueckert J.V. Hajnal M. Holden D.L.G. Hill Division of Imaging Sciences King''s College Hospital Medical School London UK Imaging Sciences Department Imperial College London London UK GlaxoSmithKline Imaging Centre UK Department of Computing Imperial College RA Disease Biology ri-CEDD London UK

Medical research and drug discovery rely increasingly on making comparisons between MR images from large numbers of subjects, often with multiple time points for each subject. We show how image registration and visualisation technique can be used for quantitative and qualitative assessment of changes over time in an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis. We applied the technique to automatically delineate two separate bones (the calcaneus and talus) from the in vivo MR images of an ankle (6 subjects, 6 time points each) by propagating labels from pre-labelled "atlas" MRI scans. As an initial analysis, we calculated their volume and rendered their surfaces in 3D to study the disease progression over time. Finally, we investigated the use of grid computing by coupling it with image analysis and visualisation algorithms to enable remote invocation, parallel execution, and source data input from heterogeneous distributed image repositories.

关键词： Image analysis Biomedical imaging Drugs Image registration visualization Arthritis Bones In vivo Magnetic resonance imaging Rendering (computer graphics)

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ieee 2001 symposium on parallel and large-data visualization and graphics (PVG 2001)

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Computers & graphics 2001年第4期25卷 718-718页

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Multiscale visualization using data cubes

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ieee TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER graphics 2003年第2期9卷 176-187页

作者： Stolte, C Tang, D Hanrahan, P Stanford Univ Dept Comp Sci Stanford CA 94305 USA

Most analysts start with an overview of the data before gradually refining their view to be more focused and detailed. Multiscale pan-and-zoom systems are effective because they directly support this approach. However, generating abstract overviews of large data sets is difficult and most systems take advantage of only one type of abstraction: visual abstraction. Furthermore, these existing systems limit the analyst to a single zooming path on their data and thus to a single set of abstract views, This paper presents: 1) a formalism for describing multiscale visualizations of data cubes with both data and visual abstraction and 2) a method for independently zooming along one or more dimensions by traversing a zoom graph with nodes at different levels of detail. As an example of how to design multiscale visualizations using our system, we describe four design patterns using our formalism. These design patterns show the effectiveness of multiscale visualization of general relational databases.

关键词： multiscale visualization database visualization graphic formalism

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A multilayered image cache for scientific visualization 03

A multilayered image cache for scientific visualization

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ieee symposium on parallel and large-data visualization and graphics 2003, PVG 2003

作者： LaMar, E. Pascucci, V. Lawrence Livermore Nat. Lab. BerkeleyCA United States

ISBN: (纸本)078038122X

We introduce a multilayered image cache system that is designed to work with a pool of rendering engines to facilitate a frame-less, asynchronous rendering environment for scientific visualization. Our system decouples the rendering from the display of imagery at many levels;it decouples render frequency and resolution from display frequency and resolution;allows asynchronous transmission of imagery instead of the compute-send cycle of standard parallel systems;and allows local, incremental refinement of imagery without requiring all imagery to be rerendered. Interactivity is accomplished by maintaining a set of image tiles for display while the production of imagery is performed by a pool of processors. The image tiles are placed in fixed places in camera (vs. world) space to eliminate occlusion artifacts. Display quality is improved by increasing the number of image tiles and imagery is refreshed more frequently by decreasing the number of image tiles. © 2003 ieee.

关键词： visualization

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SLIC: Scheduled linear image compositing for parallel volume rendering 03

SLIC: Scheduled linear image compositing for parallel volume...

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ieee symposium on parallel and large-data visualization and graphics

作者： Stompel, A Ma, KL Lum, EB Ahrens, J Patchett, J Univ Calif Davis Davis CA 95616 USA

ISBN: (纸本)078038122X

parallel volume rendering offers a feasible solution to the large data visualization problem by distributing both the data and rendering calculations among multiple computers connected by a network. In sort-last parallel volume rendering, each processor generates an image of its assigned subvolume, which is blended together with other images to derive the final image. Improving the efficiency of this compositing step, which requires interprocesssor communication, is the key to scalable, interactive rendering. The recent trend of using hardware-accelerated volume rendering demands further acceleration of the image compositing step. This paper presents a new optimized parallel image compositing algorithm and its performance on a PC cluster. Our test results show that this new algorithm offers significant savings over previous algorithms in both communication and compositing costs. On a 64-node PC cluster with a 100BaseT network interconnect, we can achieve interactive rendering rates for images at resolutions up to 1024 x 1024 pixels at several frames per second.

关键词： high-performance computing image compositing parallel rendering PC clusters visualization volume rendering

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Distributed interactive ray tracing for large volume visualization 03

Distributed interactive ray tracing for large volume visuali...

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ieee symposium on parallel and large-data visualization and graphics

作者： DeMarle, DE Parker, S Hartner, M Gribble, C Hansen, C Univ Utah Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA

ISBN: (纸本)078038122X

We have constructed a distributed parallel ray tracing system that interactively produces isosurface renderings from large data sets on a cluster of commodity PCs. The program was derived from the SCI Institute's interactive ray tracer (*-Ray), which utilizes small to large shared memory platforms, such as the SGI Origin series, to interact with very large-scale data sets. Making this approach work efficiently on a cluster requires attention to numerous system-level issues, especially when rendering data sets larger than the address space of each cluster node. The rendering engine is an image parallel ray tracer with a supervisor/workers organization. Each node in the cluster runs a multi-threaded application. A minimal abstraction layer on top of TCP links the nodes, and enables asynchronous message handling. For large volumes, render threads obtain data bricks on demand from an object-based software distributed shared memory. Caching improves performance by reducing the amount of data transfers for a reasonable working set size. For large data sets, the cluster-based interactive ray tracer performs comparably with an SGI Origin system. We examine the parameter space of the renderer and provide experimental results for interactive rendering of large (7.5 GB) data sets.

关键词： visualization interactive ray tracing large data cluster computing distributed shared memory

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A PC cluster system for simultaneous interactive volumetric modeling and visualization 03

A PC cluster system for simultaneous interactive volumetric ...

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ieee symposium on parallel and large-data visualization and graphics

作者： Muraki, S Lum, EB Ma, KL Ogata, M Liu, XZ AIST Japan University of California Davis Mitsubishi Precision Co. Ltd. Japan

ISBN: (纸本)078038122X

A number of problems are well suited for volumetric representation for both simulation and storage, however, the large amount of data that needs to be processed and rendered with these volumes makes interactive manipulation extremely challenging. In this paper, we present a scalable PC cluster system (VG cluster) designed specifically to enable simultaneous volumetric computation and visualization, using compositing hardware devices and the latest PC graphics accelerators. We demonstrate the flexibility and performance of this system with several different applications that include reaction-diffusion simulation, volumetric image processing, and vector field visualization. We also discuss how to improve the visual computing performance of this system with some load balancing techniques.

关键词： graphics hardware PC clusters parallel volume rendering reaction-diffusion patterns visual computing volume graphics volume modeling

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Sort-first, distributed memory parallel visualization and rendering 03

Sort-first, distributed memory parallel visualization and re...

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ieee symposium on parallel and large-data visualization and graphics

作者： Bethel, EW Humphreys, G Paul, B Brederson, JD R3vis Corp Novato CA 94948 USA

ISBN: (纸本)078038122X

While commodity computing and graphics hardware has increased in capacity and dropped in cost, it is still quite difficult to make effective use of such systems for general-purpose parallel visualization and graphics. We describe the results of a recent project that provides a software infrastructure suitable for general-purpose use by parallel visualization and graphics applications. Our work combines and extends two technologies: Chromium, a stream-oriented framework that implements the OpenGL programming interface;and OpenRM Scene Graph, a pipelined-parallel scene graph interface for graphics data management, Using this combination we implement a sort-first, distributed memory, parallel volume rendering application. We describe the performance characteristics in terms of bandwidth requirements and highlight key algorithmic considerations needed to implement the sort-first system. We characterize system performance using a distributed memory parallel volume rendering application, and present performance gains realized by using scene specific knowledge to accelerate rendering by reducing network traffic. The contribution of this work is an exploration of general-purpose, sort-first architecture performance characteristics as applied to distributed memory, commodity hardware, along with a description of the algorithmic support needed to realize parallel, sort-first implementations.

关键词： distributed memory visualization parallel visualization parallel scene graph

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