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ieee Transactions on Computational Imaging 2025年 11卷 717-731页

作者： Yuan, Peng Lyu, Fei Gao, Zhiqiang Yang, Chunfeng Hu, Dianlin Zhu, Jian Wu, Zhan Lyu, Tianling Zhao, Wei Dong, Jianmin Chen, Yang Key Laboratory of New Generation Artificial Intelligence Technology and Its Interdisciplinary Applications Ministry of Education Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Laboratory of Image Science and Technology Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong Hong Kong Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China School of Physics Beihang University Beijing China Beihang Hangzhou Innovation Institute Zhejiang Hangzhou China School of Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Shandong First Medical University Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan Shandong China School of Information Engineering Xizang Minzu University Xianyang712082 China Jiangsu Provincial Joint International Research Laboratory of Medical Information Processing The Laboratory of Image Science and Technology The School of Computer Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of New Generation Artificial Intelligence Technology and Its Interdisciplinary Applications Southeast University Ministry of Education Nanjing210096 China

Four-Dimensional Cone Beam Computed Tomography (4D-CBCT) imaging technology offers enhanced image quality and spatial resolution for intraoperative guidance, facilitating real-time tracking of tumor position changes during radiotherapy. However, this is still a task of great challenges due to insufficient projections at each respiratory phase after phase-sorting, and the image phases reconstructed directly from phase-sorted data are discrete and discontinuous. To generate high-quality 4D-CBCT deformation vector fields (DVFs), this paper leverages the preoperative static prior image to guide intraoperative dynamic sparse-view reconstruction images for reducing anatomical structure differences, ultimately achieving continuous and dynamic 4D-CBCT imaging. In this paper, we propose a Multi-scale Cascaded residual deformable vector field estimation framework based on Cross-attention in Motioncompensated 4D-CBCT reconstruction (MCCM), which combines Multi-Scale Cascaded residual registration network (MSCNet), Cross-Attention Enhanced feature Fusion (CAEF) module and Structure-Enhanced Motion-Compensated (SEMC) module: 1) the MCCM employs a multi-scale cascaded residual network strategy, merging multi-receptive fields and multi-resolution feature maps for large-scale internal changes. 2) the CAEF is embedded into MSC-Net to facilitate effective communication and learning between features and promote the flow of information. 3) the SEMC is developed to reduce artifacts after intraoperative CBCT sparse-view reconstruction, restore global lung motion changes and local details, and enhance structural information through image fusion. The proposed method has been evaluated using simulated and clinical datasets and has shown promising results by comparative experiment. Our approach exhibits significant improvements across various evaluation metrics. © 2024 ieee.

关键词： Image fusion

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Labeled Random Finite Sets-Based Group Target Tracking with Multi-Detection Model 2

Labeled Random Finite Sets-Based Group Target Tracking with ...

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2nd ieee International Conference on Signal, Information and Data Processing, ICSIDP 2024

作者： Jiao, Longxiang Jiang, Qi Wang, Rui Beijing Institute of Technology Radar Technology Research Institute School of Information and Electronics Beijing China Beijing Key Laboratory of Real-Time Information Processing Technology of Embedded Beijing China Beijing Institute of Technology The Advanced Technology Research Institute Jinan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331515669

In radar tracking applications for low-altitude group targets (such as bird flocks or drone swarms), the traditional point target measurement model is often unsuitable due to the complex micro-Doppler signatures and multipath effects. Algorithms based on labeled random finite sets (RFS) challenges with multi-detection problems. This paper presents a new method for tracking low-altitude group targets using labeled RFS in radar systems. To mitigate the disturbance from multi-detection, we propose modified assignment cost matrices in the update process, which reduces the number of false associations, and thus achieves quality enhancement of trajectory estimations. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through simulation results. © 2024 ieee.

关键词： Radar tracking

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InsectACIDE: Debugger-Based Holistic Asynchronous CFI for embedded System

InsectACIDE: Debugger-Based Holistic Asynchronous CFI for Em...

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ieee symposium on real-time and embedded technology and applications

作者： Yujie Wang Cailani Lemieux Mack Xi Tan Ning Zhang Ziming Zhao Sanjoy Baruah Bryan C. Ward Washington University in St. Louis Vanderbilt University University at Buffalo

ISBN: (数字)9798350358414

ISBN: (纸本)9798350358421

real-time and embedded systems are predominantly written in C, a language that is notoriously not memory safe. This has led to widespread memory-corruption vulnerabilities in real-time embedded cyber-physical systems (CPS). This is concerning, as such devices are becoming increasingly networked with the Internet of Things (IoT) and other communication technologies (e.g., 5G), rendering them vulnerable to remote attacks. Attackers have demonstrated how memory-corruption vulnerabilities can be used to hijack program control flow to implement arbitrary attacker-controlled logic. One class of defenses that has been developed to prevent such attacks is called control-flow integrity (CFI), which applies checks at control-flow transitions to ensure the target is valid. Unfortunately, attackers have shown how to divert control flow to seemingly valid targets in an invalid and malicious sequence. This paper presents InsectACIDE, the first holistic CFI for embedded and real-time systems that does not require binary instrumentation and that is context sensitive, i.e., it checks that the sequence of control-flow transitions taken is valid, not just individual transitions, thereby detecting such attacks. InsectACIDE is implemented on an embedded Cortex-M processor using the TrustZone trusted execution environment, and holistic context-sensitive CFI is enforced for both applications and the kernel. InsectACIDE uses hardware debugging features on the Cortex-M processor and therefore does not require any kernel or application binary modification. Experimental results show that InsectACIDE incurs significantly less runtime overhead compared to the state-of-the-art holistic CFI solution. real-time schedulability analysis is presented, along with a schedulability evaluation, to demonstrate the tradeoff between stronger protection and real-time schedulability.

关键词： Runtime embedded systems Debugging Rendering (computer graphics) real-time systems Hardware Recording

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realityCanvas: Augmented reality Sketching for embedded and Responsive Scribble Animation Effects 23

RealityCanvas: Augmented Reality Sketching for Embedded and ...

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36th Annual ACM symposium on User Interface Software and technology (UIST)

作者： Xia, Zhijie Monteiro, Kyzyl Van, Kevin Suzuki, Ryo Univ Calgary Calgary AB Canada IIIT Delhi Delhi India

ISBN: (纸本)9798400701320

We introduce realityCanvas, a mobile AR sketching tool that can easily augment real-world physical motion with responsive hand-drawn animation. Recent research in AR sketching tools has enabled users to not only embed static drawings into the real world but also dynamically animate them with physical motion. However, existing tools often lack the flexibility and expressiveness of possible animations, as they primarily support simple line-based geometry. To address this limitation, we explore both expressive and improvisational AR sketched animation by introducing a set of responsive scribble animation techniques that can be directly embedded through sketching interactions: 1) object binding, 2) fip-book animation, 3) action trigger, 4) particle effects, 5) motion trajectory, and 6) contour highlight. These six animation effects were derived from the analysis of 172 existing video-edited scribble animations. We showcase these techniques through various applications, such as video creation, augmented education, storytelling, and AR prototyping. The results of our user study and expert interviews confirm that our tool can lower the barrier to creating AR-based sketched animation, while allowing creative, expressive, and improvisational AR sketching experiences.

关键词： Sketching Interfaces Scribble Animation Augmented reality Mixed reality real-time Authoring

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2022 ieee 28th International symposium for Design and technology in Electronic Packaging, SIITME 2022 - Conference Proceedings

2022 IEEE 28th International Symposium for Design and Techno...

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28th ieee International symposium for Design and technology in Electronic Packaging, SIITME 2022

ISBN: (纸本)9781665461016

The proceedings contain 53 papers. The topics discussed include: solutions for acoustic noise caused by multilayer ceramic capacitors;study regarding the configuration setup used inside an EMC laboratory for NFC communication measurement;color detector for visual impaired users;conceptual model of a system for controlling the process of egg-hatching in incubators;analysis of different types of wireless communication modules with a real-time spectrum analyzers;electromagnetic and electric field radiation inside electric vehicles and classic vehicles;performance analysis of thermoelectric cooler — thermoelectric generator system for heat recovery applications;real-time embedded framework debugger;mapping the environment at range: implications for camera calibration;gesture interaction with 3d printed hybrid compression and inertial tracking device based on plastic embedded antenna for virtual reality integration;printed circuit board assembly modeling for predictive reliability assessment;and preliminary study for outdoor testing: effect of moisture and temperature on the stability of UV dye sensitized solar cells.

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embedded real-time Human Activity Recognition on an ESP32-S3 Microcontroller Using Ambient Audio Data 12

Embedded Real-Time Human Activity Recognition on an ESP32-S3...

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12th ieee International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: technology and applications, IDAACS 2023

作者： Pfitzinger, Thomas Wohrle, Hendrik Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts Dortmund Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350358056

The task of Human Activity Recognition (HAR) finds application in smart homes and assisted living and is mostly approached with machine learning. Sensor data for HAR is often collected and processed by separate devices. Performing the recognition task directly on the sensor device can decrease network traffic and reduce the related energy consumption and privacy concerns. In this work, an intelligent sensor device is developed that performs real-time HAR on an ESP32-S3 microcontroller using ambient audio data. A convolutional neural network to classify human activities is designed and subsequently reduced in size and computation cost in order to enable its inference on the microcontroller. This is achieved with neural architecture search, resulting in multiple simplified model variations. These are tested on the ESP32-S3 and a feasible version is identified. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： embedded Systems Human Activity Recognition Machine Learning Microcontrollers Neural Architecture Search

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Work in Progress: Predictable Execution of Isolated real-time Tasks on Multicore Systems Using the LET Paradigm

Work in Progress: Predictable Execution of Isolated Real-Tim...

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ieee symposium on real-time and embedded technology and applications

作者： Konstantin Dudzik Maximilian Kirschner Victor Pazmino Betancourt Jürgen Becker FZI Research Center for Information Technology Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350358414

ISBN: (纸本)9798350358421

An ongoing trend in the domain of embedded computing systems is the consolidation of functionality on few, high-performance platforms. This development also impacts real-time systems, where a shift to parallel architectures enables meeting the increased throughput demands. On these multicore platforms, memory contention is a central concern regarding time-predictability. Additionally, isolation between tasks is required to limit the impact of faults during run time. We propose a scratchpad memory-based approach to predictable execution that integrates runtime-based isolation mechanisms with an LET-based task model. In order to mitigate interference between cores, each core executes from a local memory, while the data transfers between the local memories and the shared main memory are incorporated into a global, static schedule. Our task execution model is based on the Logical Execution time (LET) paradigm, which we extend to include explicitly scheduled data transfers similar to the Predictable Execution Model (PREM). The implementation and evaluation of our approach is ongoing and will be evaluated on a custom RISe- 'v, based multicore platform. This novel approach allows for consolidating hard real-time tasks with high demands for functional safety onto a single platform.

关键词： Multicore processing Interference Predictive models Data transfer Throughput Market research real-time systems

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Cros-Rt: Cross-Layer Priority Scheduling for Predictable Inter-Process Communication in Ros 2

Cros-Rt: Cross-Layer Priority Scheduling for Predictable Int...

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ieee symposium on real-time and embedded technology and applications

作者： Sohyun Kim Juho Song Kilho Lee Sangeun Oh Hoon Sung Chwa Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Republic of Korea Soongsil University Republic of Korea Korea University Republic of Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798331543402

ISBN: (纸本)9798331543419

The Robot Operating System 2 (ROS 2) is a popular middleware for distributed robotic applications. However, achieving real-time guarantees in ROS 2 is challenging due to unpredictable delays and priority inversions. We reveal that these issues arise from the lack of consistent priority propagation across ROS 2's multi-layered communication architecture, particularly down to the kernel layer. To address this, we present CROS-RT, the first cross-layer scheduler explicitly designed to tackle the unpredictability in ROS 2 inter-process communication caused by multi-layer priority misalignment. CROS-RT ensures consistent, priority-based scheduling across the application, middleware, and kernel layers, introducing mechanisms for priority propagation, kernel-level message prioritization, and dynamic kernel thread adjustment. We have implemented and evaluated CROS-RT on the current stable release of ROS 2. Experiments demonstrate that CROS-RT enhances communication predictability, reducing the worst-case response time by up to 89.3 % over a baseline (vanilla ROS 2). Additionally, we provide an analytical model to derive upper bounds on response times, ensuring reliable realtime performance for safety-critical applications.

关键词： Cross layer design Upper bound Dynamic scheduling real-time systems time factors Reliability Kernel Middleware Robots Message systems

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Research and Design of embedded Trusted Computing in Domestic IE-DCS 8th

Research and Design of Embedded Trusted Computing in Domesti...

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8th symposium on Digital Instrumentation and Control Technologies and applications for Nuclear Power Plants

作者： Li, Yong Liang, Gen-Hua Yang, Fei Zhu, Xuan-Lin Xie, Ci-Fu Zhao, Yang Wang, Ru-Qiao Nucl Power Inst China Sci & Technol Reactor Syst Design Technol Lab Chengdu 610213 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819770533;9789819770519;9789819770502

In order to solve the problems of complicated space environment, lack of built-in information security mechanism and limited chip resources faced by the domestic 1E-DCS, an embedded trusted computing design method applicable to the domestic 1E-DCS is researched and proposed. The methodology integrates the deterministic design requirements in functional safety, realizes the cyclic metrics on the static data of the startup process and the critical program and application data in operation, and finally forms a set of safety protection mechanism for the whole life cycle of 1E-DCS. Experimental results show that the mechanism design only increases the real-time response time of 1E-DCS by 0.91 ms, which is in line with the system response time requirements, and improves the overall ability of the domestic 1E-DCS to prevent known and unknown malicious attacks.

关键词： 1E-DCS Trusted computing Information security

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An Event-Triggered Control Mechanism to Improve Online Computation Efficiency of Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles 27

An Event-Triggered Control Mechanism to Improve Online Compu...

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27th ieee International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, ITSC 2024

作者： Liu, Tong Tan, Kaige Zhu, Wenyao Chen, Peigen Feng, Lei Volvo Group Trucks Technology Department of Powertrain Strategic Development Prastvagen 8 GöteborgSE-41875 Sweden Kth Royal Institute of Technology Department of Engineering Design Brinellvagen 83 StockholmSE-10044 Sweden Kth Royal Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Electrum 229 KistaSE-16440 Sweden Halmstad University Program in Energy Smart Innovation in the Built Environment Kristian IV:s vag 3 HalmstadSE-30118 Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505929

The superiority of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) in energy efficiency highly relies on real-time executions of their energy management strategies (EMSs). Most current EMSs merely seek numeric optimality but neglect computation efficiencies in real-time applications. Hence, these EMSs usually suffer from tremendous computation overheads in practice and thus cannot be executed by onboard embedded processors. Consequently, this paper introduces an event-triggered control mechanism to replace the periodic torque split controller. When the HEV is in hybrid mode, an efficient trigger algorithm at each step determines whether the torque split controller needs to calculate a new solution or the previous solution is still valid. In this way, a large percentage of unnecessary computation overheads is avoided when the powertrain torque demand is unchanged. The advantages of this event-triggered control mechanism are demonstrated by processor-in-the-loop (PIL) simulations on different testing cycles. In contrast to the EMS with a fixed period, the event-triggered controller can significantly reduce both maximum and average CPU utilization in online testing without obviously compromising energy efficiency. © 2024 ieee.

关键词： Hybrid vehicles

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