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2023 CAA symposium on Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety for Technical Processes, SAFEPROCESS 2023

作者： Liu, Zeyi Hu, Songqiao He, Xiao Tsinghua University Department of Automation Beijing China Beijing Institute of Technology School of Automation Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350337754

real-time safety assessment (RTSA) of dynamic systems is a critical task that has significant implications for various fields such as industrial and transportation applications, especially in non-stationary environments. However, the absence of a comprehensive review of real-time safety assessment methods in non-stationary environments impedes the progress and refinement of related methods. In this paper, a review of methods and techniques for RTSA tasks in non-stationary environments is provided. Specifically, the background and significance of RTSA approaches in non-stationary environments are firstly highlighted. We then present a problem description that covers the definition, classification, and main challenges. We review recent developments in related technologies such as online active learning, online semi-supervised learning, online transfer learning, and online anomaly detection. Finally, we discuss future outlooks and potential directions for further research. Our review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of real-time safety assessment methods in non-stationary environments, which can serve as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in this field. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： real time systems

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Flexible and Self-compensating Reflectarray Antenna Enabled by the Sensor-antenna Integration

Flexible and Self-compensating Reflectarray Antenna Enabled ...

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2024 Photonics and Electromagnetics Research symposium, PIERS 2024

作者： Li, F. Pan, T.S. University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350375909

Flexible antenna, which is deformable and light-weighted, paves the way for the conformal integration in many applications such as airborne, cellular and vehicular. However, current paradigm of achieving conformal integration of flexible antenna mainly relies on antenna design based on a deterministic geometry, which prevent the realization of conformal antenna with universal design for arbitrary geometries. The performance of flexible antenna is also more vulnerable to the unexpected deformation with external loading when the size of the antenna increases, which makes it difficult to realize array antenna with large scale. In this work, we demonstrate a flexible reflectarray antenna with the ability to dynamically and self-adaptively compensate the wavefront distortion caused by the deformation of antenna. By introducing a topography-acquisition sensor array in a polyimide-based reflectarray antenna with a length of 480mm and a width of 240mm, the geometry of the antenna can be monitored in real-time. The deformation condition of the antenna is then employed to guide the reconfigurability of the antenna, which is enabled by varactor diodes and compensation algorithm based on artificial neural network, to achieve stable radiation characteristics of the antenna with various deformations. The experiment results show that the deviation of beam direction and gain are less than 2° and 1.6dB (3.2GHz ±200MHz) when applying time-varying loading below 50Hz. Wireless data transmission with the proposed antenna is also demonstration with dynamic deformations. This work is expected to provide a universal framework for achieving the robustness of flexible antenna to the deformation in conformal applications. © 2024 ieee.

关键词： Reflection

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Enhanced Smart Stick Design for Visually Impaired 9

Enhanced Smart Stick Design for Visually Impaired

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9th ieee International symposium on Smart Electronic Systems, iSES 2023

作者： Pujara, Dhyanik Gautam, Riya Sabuwala, Burhanuddin Shah, Dhaval Institute of Technology Nirma University Ahmedabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350383249

In a world propelled by technological advancements, there exists a pressing need to address the challenges faced by individuals with impaired mobility. The Smart Stick integrates advanced components such as an ESP-32 microcontroller, A9 GSM/GPRS module, ultrasonic and water sensors, along with a speaker and microphone, with a primary focus on providing a versatile and comprehensive aid for users. Emphasizing user-friendliness and lightweight design, the Smart Stick incorporates voice assistance technology to offer real-time guidance, ensuring a seamless experience for users with diverse needs. It's ability to detect obstacles and identify potential hazards through ultrasonic and water sensors significantly contributes to the safety and confidence of individuals navigating their surroundings. Further-more, the feature of live location tracking and emergency calling capabilities through the A9 GSM/GPRS module extends its utility beyond daily navigation, providing an added layer of security and peace of mind for both users and their caregivers. This Smart Stick project not only marks a significant stride in the evolution of assistive technology but also presents a versatile and adaptable solution that embraces the latest technological advancements to empower individuals with enhanced mobility, independence, and safety. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： Ultrasonic applications

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Toward Ubiquitous Semantic Metaverse: Challenges, Approaches, and Opportunities

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ieee INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2023年第24期10卷 21855-21872页

作者： Li, Kai Lau, Billy Pik Lik Yuan, Xin Ni, Wei Guizani, Mohsen Yuen, Chau Real Time & Embedded Comp Syst Res Ctr P-4249015 Porto Portugal Carnegie Mellon Univ CyLab Secur & Privacy Inst Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Singapore Univ Technol & Design Dept Engn Prod Dev Singapore 487372 Singapore CSIRO Digital Prod & Serv Flagship Sydney NSW 2122 Australia Mohamed Bin Zayed Univ Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Dept Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore

In recent years, ubiquitous semantic Metaverse has been studied to revolutionize immersive cyber-virtual experiences for augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) users, which leverages advanced semantic understanding and representation to enable seamless, context-aware interactions within mixed-reality environments. This survey focuses on the intelligence and spatiotemporal characteristics of four fundamental system components in ubiquitous semantic Metaverse, i.e., artificial intelligence (AI), spatiotemporal data representation (STDR), Semantic Internet of Things (SIoT), and semantic-enhanced digital twin (SDT). We thoroughly survey the representative techniques of the four fundamental system components that enable intelligent, personalized, and context-aware interactions with typical use cases of the ubiquitous semantic Metaverse, such as remote education, work and collaboration, entertainment and socialization, healthcare, and e-commerce marketing. Furthermore, we outline the opportunities for constructing the future ubiquitous semantic Metaverse, including scalability and interoperability, privacy and security, performance measurement and standardization, as well as ethical considerations and responsible AI. Addressing those challenges is important for creating a robust, secure, and ethically sound system environment that offers engaging immersive experiences for the users and AR/VR applications.

关键词： Artificial intelligence (AI) augmented reality (AR) data representation digital twin Internet of Things semantic communications survey ubiquitous semantic metaverse virtual reality (VR)

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LocateUAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Location Estimation via Contextual Analysis in an IoT Environment

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ieee INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2023年第5期10卷 4021-4033页

作者： Dilshad, Naqqash Ullah, Amin Kim, Jaeho Seo, Jeongwook Sejong Univ PhD Program Seoul 143747 South Korea Sejong Univ Dept Elect Engn Seoul 143747 South Korea Oregon State Univ CORIS Inst Corvallis OR 97331 USA Hanshin Univ Dept IT Transmedia Contents Osan 18101 South Korea

Object detection supported by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has generated significant interest in recent years including applications, such as surveillance, search for missing persons, traffic, and disaster management. Location awareness is a challenging task, particularly, the deployment of UAVs in a global positioning system (GPS) restricted environment or GPS sensor failure. To mitigate this problem, we propose LocateUAV, a novel location awareness framework, to detect UAV's location by processing the data from the visual sensor in real time using a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN). Assuming that the drone is in an IoT environment, first, the object detection technique is applied to detect the object of interest (OOI), namely, signboard. Subsequently, optical character recognition (OCR) is applied to extract useful contextual information. In the final step, the extracted information is forwarded to the map application programming interface (API) to locate the UAV. We also present a newly created data set for LocateUAV, which comprises challenging scenarios for context analysis. Moreover, we also compress an existing lightweight model up to 45 MB for efficient processing over UAV, which is 19.5% when compared with the size of the original model. Finally, an in-depth comparison of various trained and efficient object detection and OCR techniques is presented to facilitate future research on the development of flex drone that can extract information from the surroundings of a location in a GPS-restricted environment.

关键词： Deep learning (DL) edge devices embedded vision IoT intelligent drones location estimation object detection optical character recognition (OCR) scene understanding unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

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Development of a Wireless real-time Computation System for Fast and Accurate Heart Rate Monitoring using Photoplethysmography (PPG) Signals 16

Development of a Wireless Real-Time Computation System for F...

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16th ieee Malaysia International Conference on Communication, MICC 2023

作者： Lim, Ben Dong Chong, Kim Soon Tiang, Sew Sun Lim, Wei Hong Mokayef, Mastaneh Tan, Bee Sian UCSI University Department Electrical & Electronic Engineering Selangor Malaysia Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology Department of Computer Science and Embedded Systems Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350304343

This manuscript presents the development of a wireless system for fast and accurate heart rate monitoring. The system utilizes Seeed XIAO BLE and MAX86150 components to capture and process the photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal. real-time computation of heart rate is achieved through the deployment of a modified HeartPy algorithm on the microcontroller. The accuracy of the system was evaluated through experiments involving six patients, comparing the results with those obtained from a commercial pulse oximeter (A310) by AEON technology. The Mean Percentage Error values demonstrated a close agreement between the test system and the commercial device, with an error falling within 0.31%. Additionally, the system achieved a 30% to 40% shorter refresh time compared to the commercial pulse oximeter, allowing for more frequent and up-To-date heart rate monitoring. The development of this wireless system contributes to the advancement of healthcare technology, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goal of Good Health and Well-being. Future improvements include incorporating oxygen saturation (SpO2) and electrocardiogram (ECG) detection into the system and designing a compact and portable form factor. By combining fast and accurate heart rate monitoring with wireless data transmission, this system holds promise for enhancing healthcare applications and improving patient well-being. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： Photoplethysmography

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real-time embedded Monitoring Technologies in Modern Healthcare Systems: A Survey

Real-Time Embedded Monitoring Technologies in Modern Healthc...

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International symposium on Object-Oriented real-time Distributed Computing

作者： Sree Charitha Meka Sanjana Achan Robert G. Pettit Computer Science Department George Mason University Fairfax VA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350371284

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371291

This literature survey provides an overview on the current state of the practice for real-time embedded healthcare monitoring systems. These technologies enable healthcare systems to keep a constant eye on patients, collecting vital health data. They can send alerts and insights to healthcare providers, allowing for faster and better care. Our survey includes an investigation on the rising use of artificial intelligence and deep learning along with the use of intelligent sensors for capturing and analyzing data in real-time health monitoring systems. We also examine the current state of connected embedded health monitoring systems via, e.g. the Internet of Things (IoT). Wireless sensor networks and Tele-Health technologies are also addressed as they are instrumental in enhancing the precision, accessibility, and real-time nature of health data, ensuring that both patients and providers are always connected. Our survey discusses the applications and advantages associated with these technologies, providing valuable insights into their role in enhancing patient care, decision support, and tracking. Additionally, we navigate through the challenges, seeking pathways to mitigate them, and ensuring that the technology is inclusive, secure, and efficient. By examining the latest research and innovations, this survey aims to illuminate the current state of real-time healthcare monitoring and guide future advancements in this critical field.

关键词： Surveys Wireless sensor networks Technological innovation Medical services real-time systems Internet of Things Sparks

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A Tiny Processor with Rapid Interrupt Response for AI Accelerator Control 4

A Tiny Processor with Rapid Interrupt Response for AI Accele...

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4th International Conference on Electronic Information Engineering and Computer Communication, EIECC 2024

作者： Cui, Yang Xiong, Jie Yang, Zhuo Zhang, Li Hubei University of Technology School of Science Wuhan China Hubei University of Technology National '111 Research Center for Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits' School of Science Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534622

This paper presents the design and implementation of an ultra-compact RISC-V-based processor optimized for low power consumption, minimal size, and rapid interrupt response, specifically targeting the control of AI accelerators. The proposed processor incorporates two key innovations: a simplified architecture for managing external IPs and a dedicated fast interrupt response controller. These features result in a streamlined core and reduced interrupt handling latency, making the processor highly suitable for real-time applications such as embedded AI systems and edge computing. The rapid interrupt response mechanism ensures that external interrupts are handled within four clock cycles for non-nested interrupts and non-jump instructions. When implemented on an FPGA, the proposed processor reduces hardware overhead compared to picoRV32, achieving a 20.7% decrease in Slice LUTs and a 27.9% reduction in Slice Registers. Simulation results using the CMOS 65nm process demonstrate a 31.7% reduction in area and a 26.7% decrease in power consumption, while task execution efficiency is only reduced by 1.68%. © 2024 ieee.

关键词： Integrated circuit design

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Performance of a TDOA indoor positioning solution in real-world 5G network 36

Performance of a TDOA indoor positioning solution in real-wo...

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36th ieee/IFIP Network Operations and Management symposium, NOMS 2023

作者： Revisnyei, Péter Mogyorósi, Ferenc Papp, Zsófia Töros, István Pašić, Alija Budapest University of Technology and Economics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Department of Telecommunications and Media Informatics Muegyetem rkp. 3. BudapestH-1111 Hungary Ericsson Research ELKH-BME Information Systems Research Group Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9781665477161

Indoor localization is one of the most requested applications for 5G networks. With the continuous deployment of new 5G networks, the implementation of a reliable, robust, and accurate indoor positioning algorithm has become a widely and thoroughly researched topic. However, the solutions realized for real-world environments still do not meet all performance expectations. In this paper, a real-world 5G environment is investigated and the feasibility of the measurements collected for positioning is discussed. Based on these findings, a framework for indoor positioning is proposed and evaluated using time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) measurements. Within the framework, an iterative algorithm is implemented to minimize a non-linear least squares function extended with four additional methods to mitigate the measurement errors caused mainly by non-line-of sight propagation. The best parameter settings are determined with hyperparameter optimization, and it is shown that with these settings, sub-meter positioning error is a viable goal in certain scenarios. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： 5G mobile communication systems

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Optimized diagnostic strategy for embedded memories of Automotive Systems-on-Chip 27

Optimized diagnostic strategy for embedded memories of Autom...

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27th ieee European Test symposium (ETS)

作者： Bernardi, P. Insinga, G. Paganini, G. Cantoro, R. Beer, P. Coppetta, M. Mautone, N. Carnevale, G. Scaramuzza, P. Ullmann, R. Politecn Torino Dipartimento Automat & Informat Turin Italy INFINEON Technol Neubiberg Germany INFINEON Technol Padua Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781665467063

embedded memories in Automotive Systems-on-Chip usually occupy a large die area portion. Consequently, their defectivity can strongly impact production yield for any automotive device. Along with the technology ramp-up phase and for statistical process control reasons during volume production, it is a good automotive industry practice to collect diagnostic information in addition to pure testing data. Designers and technology experts must receive accurate diagnostic results from failing devices to react to misbehavior by identifying and correcting the related issues at their source and drawing correct repair strategy conclusions. A commonly used approach resorts to the generation of failure bitmaps based on collecting all failing bits coordinates to be sent one by one to the tester. More efficiently, the encountered faults can be compacted or compressed in on-chip memory resources to be retrieved by the tester at the end of the memory test. This paper presents an on-chip method to compact diagnostic information during embedded memory testing. More specifically, the method is applied to diagnose embedded FLASH memories. This strategy permits the reconstruction of failure bitmaps without any loss, while compression approaches obtain an approximation. The proposed method uses a fraction of the memory requested by a coordinate-based bit mapping approach and is comparable to compression methods. At the cost of a moderate test time overhead, the proposed strategy permits dramatically increasing the number of devices that can be fully diagnosed without any bitmap reconstruction loss. Most failing devices in a real embedded FLASH production scenario were diagnosed after a single transfer from on-chip to the tester host computer.

关键词： Automotive SoC Reliability memory diagnosis

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