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The IoT Codex: A Book of Programmable Stickers for Authoring and Composing Embedded computing Applications

The IoT Codex: A Book of Programmable Stickers for Authoring...

引用

ieee symposium on visual languages and human centric computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Kristin Williams Jessica Hammer Scott Hudson Computer Science Emory University Atlanta USA Human Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh USA Entertainment Technology Center Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh USA

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) promises to enhance everyday objects with computing, but rarely enables directly authoring or composing that behavior. Lightweight IoT approaches attach identifiers (e.g., RFID tags) to objects to enable networked services. Typically these tags are passive, and so, depend on activity recognition and predefined context. This limits interaction to invoking predetermined behavior. Instead, this work presents The IoT Codex: a lightweight approach to customizing everyday objects with IoT by enabling interactive attachable IDs (aIDs) to compose software-supported behavior in situ. This work contributes 1) paper engineering techniques to construct aIDs that embody state, and 2) a tangible, end user programming (EUP) language for customizing IoT within symbolic and idiosyncratic contexts. Here, we provide preliminary validation of our approach with an empirically informed design space, sample applications, and a small co-design workshop. In doing so, we offer preliminary evidence for tangible, end user programming to enable meaningful control over IoT services.

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Evaluating LLM-Generated Topics from Survey Responses: Identifying Challenges in Recruiting Participants through Crowdsourcing

Evaluating LLM-Generated Topics from Survey Responses: Ident...

引用

ieee symposium on visual languages and human centric computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Reham Al Tamime Joni Salminen Soon-Gyo Jung Bernard Jansen Qatar Computing Research Institute Doha Qatar University of Vaasa Vaasa Finland

ISBN: (数字)9798350366136

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376920

The evolution of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, particularly large language models (LLMs), has lead to consequences for the field of human-Computer Interaction (HCI) in areas such as personalization, predictive analytics, automation, and data analysis. This research aims to evaluate LLM-generated topics derived from survey responses in comparison with topics suggested by humans, particularly participants recruited through a crowdsourcing experiment. We present an evaluation results to compare LLM-generated topics with human-generated topics in terms of Quality, Usefulness, Accuracy, Interestingness, and Completeness. This involves three stages: (1) Design and Generate Topics with an LLM (OpenAI’s GPT-4); (2) Crowdsourcing human-Generated Topics; and (3) Evaluation of human-Generated Topics and LLM-Generated Topics. However, a feasibility study with 33 crowdworkers indicated challenges in using participants for LLM evaluation, particularly in inviting humans participants to suggest topics based on open-ended survey answers. We highlight several challenges in recruiting crowdsourcing participants for generating topics from survey responses. We recommend using well-trained human experts rather than crowdsourcing to generate human baselines for LLM evaluation.

关键词： Crowdsourcing Surveys human computer interaction visualization Data analysis Automation Accuracy Generative AI Large language models Predictive analytics

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Considering visualization Example Galleries

Considering Visualization Example Galleries

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ieee symposium on visual languages and human centric computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Junran Yang Andrew M. McNutt Leilani Battle University of Washington Seattle USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350366136

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376920

Example galleries are often used to teach, document, and advertise visually-focused domain-specific languages and libraries, such as those producing visualizations, diagrams, or webpages. Despite their ubiquity, there is no consensus on the role of “example galleries”, let alone what the best practices might be for their creation or curation. To understand gallery meaning and usage, we interviewed the creators $(\mathrm{N}=11)$ and users $(\mathrm{N}=9)$ of prominent visualization-adjacent tools. From these interviews we synthesized strategies and challenges for gallery curation and management (e.g. weighing the costs/benefits of adding new examples and trade-offs in richness vs ease of use), highlighted the differences between planned and actual gallery usage (e.g. opportunistic reuse vs search-engine optimization), and reflected on parts of the gallery design space not explored (e.g. highlighting the potential of tool assistance). We found that galleries are multi-faceted structures whose form and content are motivated to to accommodate different usages-ranging from marketing material to test suite to extended documentation. This work offers a foundation for future support tools by characterizing gallery design and management, as well as by highlighting challenges and opportunities in the space (such as how more diverse galleries make reuse tasks simpler, but complicate upkeep).

关键词： visualization Documentation Libraries Space exploration Interviews Optimization Best practices Domain specific languages

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Changing computing To Make It "For All"

Changing Computing To Make It "For All"

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ieee symposium on visual languages and human-centric computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Guzdial, Mark Univ Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665445924

Summary form only given, as follows. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings. The inventors of the term “computer science” meant for it to be something that was taught to everyone, to facilitate learning other subjects and to help people understand the risks of technology in their lives. The potential benefits of computing education and the risks are even greater than they predicted, but few participate in computing education. Only a privileged class understands and creates a critical part of our world. If we wanted to reach the original and more general goal, we would have to change how we teach computing — and maybe even change computing. In this talk, I review the history of “computer science” and its earlier purpose, consider the barriers to reaching universal computational literacy, then describe and demonstrate new kinds of languages, tools, and approaches for learning and teaching computing for everyone.

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Physical vs. Virtual Representations Within Concreteness Fading for Primary School computing

Physical vs. Virtual Representations Within Concreteness Fad...

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ieee symposium on visual languages and human centric computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Anthony Trory Kate Howland Judith Good Benedict Du Boulay Department of Informatics University of Sussex Brighton England Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands

ISBN: (数字)9798350366136

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376920

computing concepts are often introduced to children using interactive concrete representations, such as Computer Science Unplugged (CSU) activities - an approach that may positively affect attitudes towards computing when applied in extra-curricular settings. However, within the classroom, children may be required to interact with abstract representations, e.g. during programming tasks, and little is known about how to design CSU activities that support this. Prior work in mathematics and computing suggests that the Theoretical Model of Concreteness Fading (TMCF) may effectively scaffold the progression from concrete to abstract and improve learning outcomes. This paper aims to investigate one of the TMCF recommendations: the use of physical manipulatives, motivated by the growing body of evidence that suggests that virtual manipulatives can, in many contexts, be equally effective while providing several design advantages. An experiment was conducted with 48 children to compare two alternative implementations of Concreteness Fading learning materials: physical concrete (Playmobil toys) vs. virtual concrete (an AR iPad app), on learning gains and attitudinal change. Using these materials, children were taught the fundamentals of network structure and internet routing. Results indicated no significant difference between groups on either measure.

关键词： Fading channels visualization Computational modeling Toy manufacturing industry Virtual environments Tablet computers Routing Mathematical models Augmented reality Guidelines

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Block-based languages and Programming Education

Block-based Languages and Programming Education

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ieee symposium on visual languages and human centric computing (VL/HCC)

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In Situ AI Prototyping: Infusing Multimodal Prompts into Mobile Settings with MobileMaker

In Situ AI Prototyping: Infusing Multimodal Prompts into Mob...

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ieee symposium on visual languages and human centric computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Savvas Petridis Michael Xieyang Liu Alexander J. Fiannaca Vivian Tsai Michael Terry Carrie J. Cai Google DeepMind USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350366136

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376920

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (LLMs) have made it easier to rapidly prototype AI-powered features, especially for mobile use cases. However, gathering early, mobile-situated user feedback on these AI prototypes remains challenging. The broad scope and flexibility of LLMs means that, for a given use-case-specific prototype, there is a crucial need to understand the wide range of in-the-wild input users are likely to provide and their in-context expectations for the AI’s behavior. To explore the concept of in situ AI prototyping and testing, we created MobileMaker: a platform that enables designers to rapidly create and test mobile AI prototypes directly on devices. This tool also enables testers to make on-device, in-the-field revisions of prototypes using natural language. In an exploratory study with 16 participants, we explored how user feedback on prototypes created with MobileMaker compares to that of existing prototyping tools (e.g., Figma, prompt editors). Our findings suggest that MobileMaker prototypes enabled more serendipitous discovery of: model input edge cases, discrepancies between AI’s and user’s in-context interpretation of the task, and contextual signals missed by the AI. Furthermore, we learned that while the ability to make in-the-wild revisions led users to feel more fulfilled as active participants in the design process, it might also constrain their feedback to the subset of changes perceived as more actionable or implementable by the prototyping tool.

关键词： visualization Large language models Image edge detection Natural languages Prototypes Real-time systems Artificial intelligence Testing Context modeling

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Generating Function Names to Improve Comprehension of Synthesized Programs

Generating Function Names to Improve Comprehension of Synthe...

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ieee symposium on visual languages and human centric computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Amirmohammad Nazari Swabha Swayamdipta Souti Chattopadhyay Mukund Raghothaman University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350366136

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376920

The hope of allowing programmers to more freely express themselves has led to a proliferation of program synthesis techniques. These tools automatically derive implementations from high-level specifications of user intent. These specifications may take the form of logical formulas, demonstrations, or input-output examples. Synthesizers guarantee that when synthesis is successful, the implementation satisfies the specification. However, they provide no additional information regarding how the implementation works or the manner in which the specification is realized. As a result, they remain algorithmic black boxes which are prone to producing unidiomatic code with procedurally generated identifier names, like $x 1, x 2$, etc. As a result, complicated implementations produced by modern program synthesizers are becoming increasingly hard to understand. One solution to this comprehensibility problem is to produce meaningful identifier names for its variables, functions, etc. While large language models (LLMs) suggest a simple way to obtain human-readable names, our experiments reveal that LLMs frequently produce nonsensical or misleading names when applied to code emitted by program synthesizers. In this paper, we develop an approach to reliably augment the implementation with explanatory names: We recover finegrained input-output data from the synthesis algorithm to enhance the prompt supplied to the LLM and use a combination of a program verifier and a second language model to validate the proposed names before presenting them to the user. Together, these techniques improve the accuracy of the proposed names from $\mathbf{2 4 \%}$ to $\mathbf{7 9 \%}$. A two-phase user study indicates that users significantly prefer the names produced by our technique, and that the proposed names greatly help users in understanding synthesized implementations.

关键词： visualization Codes Accuracy Synthesizers Large language models Computational modeling Natural languages Data models Cognition Reliability

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Promoting Meaningful Learning by Supporting Interplay within Abstraction Ladder

Promoting Meaningful Learning by Supporting Interplay within...

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ieee symposium on visual languages and human-centric computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Suh, Sangho Univ Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781728169019

ISBN: (纸本)9781728169019

How can we express programming concepts in a more accessible form and manner? To address this question, my research explores ways to design, create, and use coding strip, a form of comic strip that offers corresponding code for learners to understand programming concepts in both concrete and abstract context. The motivation that drives this research is my belief that the key to efficient and effective learning lies in enabling dynamic interplay between high-level and low-level abstractions. Coding strip is proposed as the first step towards the goal of understanding how to design, create, and use tools that support such interplay.

关键词： comics coding strip visual language computing education abstraction ladder concreteness fading

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A Platform for the Reproducibility of Computational Experiments

A Platform for the Reproducibility of Computational Experime...

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ieee symposium on visual languages and human centric computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Lá zaro Costa Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto &amp INESC TEC Porto Portugal

ISBN: (数字)9781665442145

ISBN: (纸本)9781665442152

In the research community, it is very important to be able to recreate the same computing environment to reproduce the same results achieved by previous experiments. However, it is a challenge to recreate the same environment using the same programming languages, frameworks or data sources due to the diversity of researchers’ knowledge and the variety of computational environments *** this work, we propose to design and build a platform that allows researchers to create, (re-)execute and process computational experiments in a systematic and user-friendly manner. Our platform also includes the cataloging and a searching mechanism to improve data reusability as well as metadata classification to satisfy the needs of different research communities. With this work, we intend to improve the reusability of data and experiments and the reproducibility in the research domain.

关键词： visualization Computer languages Systematics Soft sensors Metadata

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