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DepGraph: Localizing Performance Bottlenecks in Multi-Core Applications Using Waiting Dependency Graphs and Software Tracing 20

DepGraph: Localizing Performance Bottlenecks in Multi-Core A...

引用

20th ieee International working conference on source code analysis and manipulation (SCAM)

作者： Ezzati-Jivan, Naser Fournier, Quentin Dagenais, Michel R. Hamou-Lhadj, Abdelwahab Brock Univ St Catharines ON Canada Polytech Montreal Montreal PQ Canada Concordia Univ Montreal PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781728192482

This paper addresses the challenge of understanding the waiting dependencies between the threads and hardware resources required to complete a task. The objective is to improve software performance by detecting the underlying bottlenecks caused by system-level blocking dependencies. In this paper, we use a system level tracing approach to extract a Waiting Dependency Graph that shows the breakdown of a task execution among all the interleaving threads and resources. The method allows developers and system administrators to quickly discover how the total execution time is divided among its interacting threads and resources. Ultimately, the method helps detecting bottlenecks and highlighting their possible causes. Our experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in several industry-level use cases. Three performance anomalies are analysed and explained using the proposed approach. Evaluating the method efficiency reveals that the imposed overhead never exceeds 10.1%, therefore making it suitable for in-production environments.

关键词： execution-Tracing kernel-analysis performance-evaluation software-debugging trace-comparison wait-analysis

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codeCV: Mining Expertise of GitHub Users from Coding Activities

CodeCV: Mining Expertise of GitHub Users from Coding Activit...

引用

ieee International Workshop on source code analysis and manipulation

作者： Daniel Atzberger Nico Scordialo Tim Cech Willy Scheibel Matthias Trapp Jürgen Döllner Digital Engineering Faculty Hasso Plattner Institute University of Potsdam Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665496100

The number of software projects developed collaboratively on social coding platforms is steadily increasing. One of the motivations for developers to participate in open-source software development is to make their development activities easier accessible to potential employers, e.g., in the form of a resume for their interests and skills. However, manual review of source code activities is time-consuming and requires detailed knowledge of the technologies used. Existing approaches are limited to a small subset of actual source code activity and metadata and do not provide explanations for their results. In this work, we present codeCV, an approach to analyzing the commit activities of a GitHub user concerning the use of programming languages, software libraries, and higher-level concepts, e.g., Machine Learning or Cryptocurrency. Skills in using software libraries and programming languages are analyzed based on syntactic structures in the source code. Based on Labeled Latent Dirichlet Allocation, an automatically generated corpus of GitHub projects is used to learn the concept-specific vocabulary in identifier names and comments. This enables the capture of expertise on abstract concepts from a user's commit history. codeCV further explains the results through links to the relevant commits in an interactive web dashboard. We tested our system on selected GitHub users who mainly contribute to popular projects to demonstrate that our approach is able to capture developers' expertise effectively.

关键词： Computer languages Vocabulary Visualization Software libraries source coding Benchmark testing Data mining

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MAF: A Framework for Modular Static analysis of Higher-Order Languages 20

MAF: A Framework for Modular Static Analysis of Higher-Order...

引用

20th ieee International working conference on source code analysis and manipulation (SCAM)

作者： Van Es, Noah Van der Plas, Jens Stievenart, Quentin De Roover, Coen Vrije Univ Brussel Software Languages Lab Brussels Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9781728192482

A modular static analysis decomposes a program's analysis into analyses of its parts, or components. An inter-component analysis instructs an intra-component analysis to analyse each component independently of the others. Additional analyses are scheduled for newly discovered components, and for dependent components that need to account for newly discovered component information. Modular static analyses are scalable, can be tuned to a high precision, and support the analysis of programs that are highly dynamic, featuring e.g., higher-order functions or dynamically allocated processes. In this paper, we present the engineering aspects of MAF, a static analysis framework for implementing modular analyses for higher-order languages. For any such modular analysis, the framework provides a reusable inter-component analysis and it suffices to implement its intra-component analysis. The intra-component analysis can be composed from several interdependent and reusable Scala traits. This design facilitates changing the analysed language, as well as the analysis precision with minimal effort. We illustrate the use of MAF through its instantiation for several different analyses of Scheme programs.

关键词： static program analysis modular analysis

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An End-to-End Framework for Repairing Potentially Vulnerable source code

An End-to-End Framework for Repairing Potentially Vulnerable...

引用

ieee International Workshop on source code analysis and manipulation

作者： Judit Jász Péter Hegedűs Ákos Milánkovich Rudolf Ferenc University of Szeged FrontEndART Ltd. Szeged Hungary SEARCH-LAB Ltd. Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9781665496100

Nowadays, program development is getting easier and easier as the various IDE tools provide advice on what to write in the program. But it is not enough to implement a solution to a problem; it is also important that the non-functional properties, like the quality or security of the code, are appropriate in all aspects. One of the most widely used techniques to ensure quality is testing. If the tests fail, one can fix the code immediately. However, security issues are unexpected cases when implementing the program, which is why we do not write tests for them in advance. In many cases, security-relevant bugs can not only cause financial loss but also put human lives at risk, so detecting and fixing them is an important step for the reliability and quality of the program. The tool presented in this paper aims to generate automatic code repairs to potential vulnerabilities in the program. By integrating the recommended fixes, one can easily harden the security of their program early in the development process. A case study on six open-source Java subject systems showed that we were able to generate viable repair patches for 57 out of the 81 detected security issues (70%). For certain types (e.g., revealing private references of mutable objects), our tool reached close to perfect performance.

关键词： Java codes source coding Computer bugs Maintenance engineering Security Reliability

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An Investigation into the Effect of Control and Data Dependence Paths on Predicate Testability 20

An Investigation into the Effect of Control and Data Depende...

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20th ieee International working conference on source code analysis and manipulation (SCAM)

作者： Binkley, Dave Glenn, James Alsharif, Abdullah McMinn, Phil Loyola Univ Maryland Baltimore MD 21210 USA Yale Univ New Haven CT USA Saudi Elect Univ Riyadh Saudi Arabia Univ Sheffield Sheffield S Yorkshire England

ISBN: (纸本)9781728192482

The squeeziness of a sequence of program statements captures the loss of information (loss of entropy) caused by its execution. This information loss leads to problems such as failed error propagation. Intuitively, longer more complex statement sequences (more formally, longer paths of dependencies) bring greater squeeze. Using the cost of search-based test data generation as a measure of lost information, we investigate this intuition. Unexpectedly, we find virtually no correlation between dependence path length and information loss. Thus our study represents an (unexpected) negative result. Moreover, looking through the literature, this finding is in agreement with recent work of Masri and Podgurski. As such, our work replicates a negative result. More precisely, it provides a conceptual, generalization and extension replication. The replication falls into the category of a conceptual replication in that different methods are used to address a common problem, and into the category of generalization and extension in that we sample a different population of subjects and more rigorously consider the resulting data. Specifically, while Masri and Podgurski only informally observed the lack of a connection, we rigorously assess it using a range of statistical models.

关键词： entropy source code analysis test generation

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An Empirical Study on Understanding Performance Issues and Causes in Android Apps

An Empirical Study on Understanding Performance Issues and C...

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ieee International Workshop on source code analysis and manipulation

作者： Nisha Kumari Teerath Das Tommi Mikkonen “Oulu University of Applied Sciences Oulu Finland University of Jyväskylä Finland

ISBN: (数字)9798331528508

ISBN: (纸本)9798331528515

With the growing popularity of mobile apps, their complexity and resource demands have increased as end users seek more sophisticated features. This rise in complexity often leads to performance issues, which have become a significant concern for developers and are now seen as critical for main-taining competitiveness in the market. In this paper, we conduct an empirical study aimed at analyzing performance issues and their causes in Android apps. To achieve this, we examine 385 Stack Overflow (SO) Q&A posts out of a total of 6059 posts. We qualitatively analyzed and formulated two taxonomies: one for performance issues and another for their causes (first of its kind). Our study identifies key categories of performance-related issues, including UI/UX & Graphics, Development/Coding Practices, Performance Optimization, and Data/Database Han-dling. Similarly, the main causes of performance issues include Inefficient User Interface Design, Poor Resource Management, and Lack of Development/Coding Practices, among others. These comprehensive taxonomies serve as a checklist or guide for developers to help them identify, know the causes (diagnosing), and resolve performance issues in their app development.

关键词： Graphics source coding Taxonomy User interfaces Complexity theory Mobile applications Resource management Optimization

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Assessing the Impact of Execution Environment on Observation-Based Slicing

Assessing the Impact of Execution Environment on Observation...

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ieee International Workshop on source code analysis and manipulation

作者： David Binkley Leon Moonen Loyola University Maryland Baltimore MD USA Simula Research Laboratory Oslo Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9781665496100

Program slicing reduces a program to a smaller version that retains a chosen computation, referred to as a slicing criterion. One recent multi-lingual slicing approach, observation-based slicing (ORBS), speculatively deletes parts of the program and then executes the code. If the behavior of the slicing criteria is unchanged, the speculative deletion is made permanent. While this makes ORBS language agnostic, it can lead to the production of some non-intuitive slices. One particular challenge is when the execution environment plays a role. For example, ORBS will delete the line “ $\mathrm{a}=0$ ” if the memory location assigned to a contains zero before executing this statement, because the deletion does not affect the value of a and thus the slicing criterion. Consequently, slices can differ between execution environments due to factors such as initialization and call stack reuse. The technique considered, $\boldsymbol{n}$ VORBS, attempts to ameliorate this problem by validating a candidate slice in $\boldsymbol{n}$ different execution environments. We conduct an empirical study to collect initial insights into how often the execution environment leads to slice differences. Specifically, we compare and contrast the slices produced by seven different instantiations of $\boldsymbol{n}$ VORBS. Looking forward, the technique can be seen as a variation on metamorphic testing, and thus suggests how ideas from metamorphic testing might be used to improve dynamic program analysis.

关键词： codes source coding Production Performance analysis Behavioral sciences Testing

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Flaky Test Sanitisation via On-the-Fly Assumption Inference for Tests with Network Dependencies

Flaky Test Sanitisation via On-the-Fly Assumption Inference ...

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ieee International Workshop on source code analysis and manipulation

作者： Jens Dietrich Shawn Rasheed Amjed Tahir Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9781665496100

Flaky tests cause significant problems as they can interrupt automated build processes that rely on all tests succeeding and undermine the trustworthiness of tests. Numerous causes of test flakiness have been identified, and program analyses exist to detect such tests. Typically, these methods produce advice to developers on how to refactor tests in order to make test outcomes deterministic. We argue that one source of flakiness is the lack of assumptions that precisely describe under which circumstances a test is meaningful. We devise a sanitisation technique that can isolate flaky tests quickly by inferring such assumptions on-the-fly, allowing automated builds to proceed as flaky tests are ignored. We demonstrate this approach for Java and Groovy programs by implementing it as extensions for three popular testing frameworks (JUnit4, JUnit5 and Spock) that can transparently inject the inferred assumptions. If JUnit5 is used, those extensions can be deployed without refactoring project source code. We demonstrate and evaluate the utility of our approach using a set of six popular real-world programs, addressing known test flakiness issues in these programs caused by dependencies of tests on network availability. We find that our method effectively sanitises failures induced by network connectivity problems with high precision and recall.

关键词： Industries Java Annotations source coding Testing

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Compositional Information Flow analysis for WebAssembly Programs 20

Compositional Information Flow Analysis for WebAssembly Prog...

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20th ieee International working conference on source code analysis and manipulation (SCAM)

作者： Stievenart, Quentin De Roover, Coen Vrije Univ Brussel Software Languages Lab Brussels Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9781728192482

WebAssembly is a new W3C standard, providing a portable target for compilation for various languages. All major browsers can run WebAssembly programs, and its use extends beyond the web: there is interest in compiling cross-platform desktop applications, server applications, IoT and embedded applications to WebAssembly because of the performance and security guarantees it aims to provide. Indeed, WebAssembly has been carefully designed with security in mind. In particular, WebAssembly applications are sandboxed from their host environment. However, recent works have brought to light several limitations that expose WebAssembly to traditional attack vectors. Visitors of websites using WebAssembly have been exposed to malicious code as a result. In this paper, we propose an automated static program analysis to address these security concerns. Our analysis is focused on information flow and is compositional. For every WebAssembly function, it first computes a summary that describes in a sound manner where the information from its parameters and the global program state can flow to. These summaries can then be applied during the subsequent analysis of function calls. Through a classical fixed-point formulation, one obtains an approximation of the information flow in the WebAssembly program. This results in the first compositional static analysis for WebAssembly. On a set of 34 benchmark programs spanning 196kLOC of WebAssembly, we compute at least 64% of the function summaries precisely in less than a minute in total.

关键词： Static program analysis WebAssembly security

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Fix that Fix Commit: A real-world remediation analysis of JavaScript projects 20

Fix that Fix Commit: A real-world remediation analysis of Ja...

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20th ieee International working conference on source code analysis and manipulation (SCAM)

作者： Bandara, Vinuri Rathnayake, Thisura Weerasekara, Nipuna Elvitigala, Charitha Thilakarathna, Kenneth Wijesekera, Primal Keppitiyagama, Chamath Bug Zero Springfield MO USA SCoRe Lab Colombo Sri Lanka Univ Colombo Sch Comp Colombo Sri Lanka Univ Calif Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728192482

While there is a large body of work on understanding vulnerabilities in the wild, little has been done to understand the dynamics of the remediation phase of the development cycle. To this end, we have done a timeline analysis on 118K commits from 53 of the most used JavaScript projects from GitHub to understand the provenance and prevalence of vulnerabilities in those projects. We used a vulnerability detector (codeQL) to filter commits that introduced vulnerabilities and the commits that fixed a prior vulnerability. We found that in 82% of the projects, a commit fixing a prior vulnerability, in turn, introduced one or more new vulnerabilities. Among those projects, on average, 18% of the commits intended to fix vulnerabilities, in turn, introduced one or more new vulnerabilities. We also found that 50% of the total vulnerabilities found in those projects originated from a commit meant to fix a prior vulnerability, and 78% of those vulnerabilities could have been avoided if they were to use proper internal testing. We provide critical insights into how proper internal testing can avoid a significant portion of vulnerabilities, increasing organizations' security posture.

关键词： Software Security Vulnerability analysis Vulnerability Remediation Security Testing

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