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GitHub Label Embeddings

GitHub Label Embeddings

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ieee International Workshop on source code analysis and manipulation

作者： Joao P. Diniz Daniel Cruz Fabio Ferreira Cleiton Tavares Eduardo Figueiredo Federal University of Minas Gerais Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9781728192482

ISBN: (纸本)9781728192499

GitHub repository issues can be “tagged” with labels to provide better understanding, organization, classification and to make information retrieval easier for both users and project managers. GitHub provides nine default labels and allows users to create, edit, and delete labels to fit the project maintainers' management goals. Such labels can, for example, help users to find open source projects that are open for new collaborators since they are able to search for the default label good first issuein GitHub's search engine. However, such a mechanism would be more powerful if the platform knew semantically similar customized labels and also reaches projects with them. In this study, we investigate two NBNE-based approaches and another based on Word2Vec algorithm to represent labels as embeddings (i.e., as vectors on a multidimensional space), so that semantically similar labels get closer. As a result, we found that Word2Vec is better indicated for this task, although it actually deserves further investigation.

关键词： conferences Organizations Search engines Software Task analysis Software development management

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Coupled CFD and electromagnetic analysis of an ONAN distribution transformer cooled with mineral oil and biodegradable esters 3

Coupled CFD and electromagnetic analysis of an ONAN distribu...

引用

3rd ieee International conference on Dielectrics (ICD)

作者： Rios Rodriguez, Gustavo Garelli, Luciano Storti, Mario A. Kubiczek, Krzysztof Lasek, Pawel Stepien, Mariusz Stebel, Michal Melka, Bartlomiej Bodys, Jakub Haida, Michal Palacz, Michal Smolka, Jacek Pessolani, Francisco Amadei, Mauro UNL COMCET Ctr Invest Metodos Computacionales CIMEC Santa Fe Argentina Silesian Tech Univ Fac Elect Engn Gliwice Poland Silesian Tech Univ Inst Thermal Technol Gliwice Poland Tadeo Czerweny SA Galvez Argentina

ISBN: (纸本)9781728189833

This work describes the electromagnetic and coupled thermo-fluid dynamic analysis of an oil-natural air-natural (ONAN) distribution transformer with the main objective of studying the changes in the heat dissipation performance when the fluid employed to cool the machine is a biodegradable ester instead of mineral oil. The distribution transformer under analysis has a rated power of 315 kVA with a voltage ratio of 13.2 kV / 0.4 kV. The heat losses in the magnetic core and the windings are computed with the ANSYS Maxwell software on suitable finite element meshes. These heat losses are then transferred as volume heat source terms to appropriate finite volume meshes which are used to compute the heat conduction in the core and windings, then the heat dissipates to the oil by convection, afterwards to the walls of the oil tank and to the radiators panels and finally to the surrounding air. In the thermo-fluid dynamic model, the natural convection of the fluid flow is taken into account using a temperature-dependent density. Moreover, the heat conduction through the metal sheet of the oil tank and the radiators panels are considered. The coupled thermo-hydraulic problem is solved with code_Saturne software. The experimental data of the total power losses provided by the unit manufacturer were employed to validate the electro- magnetic model. Because the thermo-fluid dynamic numerical model is computationally expensive, only one quarter of the transformer is modelled. In addition, equivalent anisotropic thermal conductivity in the core and windings are calculated to simplify the heat conduction model in the active parts. The differences in the temperature distribution and oil flow observed between the transformer working with a standard mineral oil and a biodegradable ester are discussed. This work is carried out as part of the EU Horizon 2020 BIOTRAFO project.

关键词： Esters

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SOAR: A Synthesis Approach for Data Science API Refactoring

SOAR: A Synthesis Approach for Data Science API Refactoring

引用

International conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)

作者： Ansong Ni Daniel Ramos Aidan Z. H. Yang Inês Lynce Vasco Manquinho Ruben Martins Claire Le Goues Yale University New Haven USA INESC-ID/IST U. Lisboa Portugal Carnegie Mellon University USA Queen's University Queensland QC Canada U. Lisboa Lisbon Portugal INESC-ID/IST U. Lisboa Lisboa Portugal School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh USA Carnegie Mellon University Mellon MA USA

With the growth of the open-source data science community, both the number of data science libraries and the number of versions for the same library are increasing rapidly. To match the evolving APIs from those libraries, open-source organizations often have to exert manual effort to refactor the APIs used in the code base. Moreover, due to the abundance of similar open-source libraries, data scientists working on a certain application may have an abundance of libraries to choose, maintain and migrate between. The manual refactoring between APIs is a tedious and error-prone task. Although recent research efforts were made on performing automatic API refactoring between different languages, previous work relies on statistical learning with collected pairwise training data for the API matching and migration. Using large statistical data for refactoring is not ideal because such training data will not be available for a new library or a new version of the same library. We introduce Synthesis for Open-source API Refactoring (SOAR), a novel technique that requires no training data to achieve API migration and refactoring. SOAR relies only on the documentation that is readily available at the release of the library to learn API representations and mapping between libraries. Using program synthesis, SOAR automatically computes the correct configuration of arguments to the APIs and any glue code required to invoke those APIs. SOAR also uses the interpreter's error messages when running refactored code to generate logical constraints that can be used to prune the search space. Our empirical evaluation shows that SOAR can successfully refactor 80% of our benchmarks corresponding to deep learning models with up to 44 layers with an average run time of 97.23 seconds, and 90% of the data wrangling benchmarks with an average run time of 17.31 seconds.

关键词： Training data Documentation Data science Benchmark testing Libraries Task analysis Open source software

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DepGraph: Localizing Performance Bottlenecks in Multi-Core Applications Using Waiting Dependency Graphs and Software Tracing

DepGraph: Localizing Performance Bottlenecks in Multi-Core A...

引用

ieee International Workshop on source code analysis and manipulation

作者： Naser Ezzati-Jivan Quentin Fournier Michel R. Dagenais Abdelwahab Hamou-Lhadj Brock University Polytechnique Montreal Concordia University

ISBN: (数字)9781728192482

ISBN: (纸本)9781728192499

This paper addresses the challenge of understanding the waiting dependencies between the threads and hardware resources required to complete a task. The objective is to improve software performance by detecting the underlying bottlenecks caused by system-level blocking dependencies. In this paper, we use a system level tracing approach to extract a Waiting Dependency Graph that shows the breakdown of a task execution among all the interleaving threads and resources. The method allows developers and system administrators to quickly discover how the total execution time is divided among its interacting threads and resources. Ultimately, the method helps detecting bottlenecks and highlighting their possible causes. Our experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in several industry-level use cases. Three performance anomalies are analysed and explained using the proposed approach. Evaluating the method efficiency reveals that the imposed overhead never exceeds 10.1%, therefore making it suitable for in-production environments.

关键词： Runtime Electric breakdown Software performance Hardware Performance analysis Resource management Task analysis

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Understanding and Characterizing Changes in Bugs Priority: The Practitioners’ Perceptive

Understanding and Characterizing Changes in Bugs Priority: T...

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ieee International Workshop on source code analysis and manipulation

作者： Rafi Almhana Thiago Ferreira Marouane Kessentini Tushar Sharma University of Michigan Research Scientist Siemens Corporate Technology

ISBN: (数字)9781728192482

ISBN: (纸本)9781728192499

Assigning appropriate priority to bugs is critical for timely addressing important software maintenance issues. An underlying aspect is the effectiveness of assigning priorities: if the priorities of a fair number of bugs are changed, it indicates delays in fixing critical bugs. There has been little prior work on understanding the dynamics of changing bug priorities. In this paper, we performed an empirical study to observe and understand the changes in bugs' priority to build a 3-W model on Why and When bug priorities change, and Who performs the change. We conducted interviews and a survey with practitioners as well as performed a quantitative analysis containing 225,000 bug reports, developers' comments, and source code changes from 24 open-source systems. The interviews with 11 developers from industry aim to establish an initial model to characterize the changes in bugs priority. The survey with an additional 38 developers was to understand their experience in why and when bug priorities change, and who performs the change. Then, we conducted a manual inspection of the collected data on open-source projects to compare our final bugs priority change model with changes identified in practice. Our quantitative results confirmed the outcomes of our interviews and surveys. For instance, we observed frequent changes in bug priorities and their impact on delaying critical bug fixes especially just before shipping a new release. Our findings can enable 1) researchers to build automated tools for checking and validating requests for bug priority changes, 2) practitioners to use a standard format in documenting and approving bug priority changes, and 3) educators to teach the better management of bug priorities.

关键词： Software maintenance Statistical analysis Computer bugs Tools Interviews Open source software Standards

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Techniques for Efficient Automated Elimination of False Positives

Techniques for Efficient Automated Elimination of False Posi...

引用

ieee International Workshop on source code analysis and manipulation

作者： Tukaram Muske Alexander Serebrenik Tata Research Development and Design Centre Tata Consultancy Services Pune India Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands

ISBN: (数字)9781728192482

ISBN: (纸本)9781728192499

Static analysis tools are useful to detect common programming errors. However, they generate a large number of false positives. Postprocessing of these alarms using a model checker has been proposed to automatically eliminate false positives from them. To scale up the automated false positives elimination (AFPE), several techniques, e.g., program slicing, are used. However, these techniques increase the time taken by AFPE, and the increased time is a major concern during application of AFPE to alarms generated on large *** reduce the time taken by AFPE, we propose two techniques. The techniques achieve the reduction by identifying and skipping redundant calls to the slicer and model checker. The first technique is based on our observation that, (a) combination of application-level slicing, verification with incremental context, and the context-level slicing helps to eliminate more false positives; (b) however, doing so can result in redundant calls to the slicer. In this technique, we use data dependencies to compute these redundant calls. The second technique is based on our observation that (a) code partitioning is commonly used by static analysis tools to analyze very large systems, and (b) applying AFPE to alarms generated on partitioned-code can result in repeated calls to both the slicer and model checker. We use memoization to identify the repeated calls and skip *** first technique is currently under evaluation. Our initial evaluation of the second technique indicates that it reduces AFPE time by up to 56%, with median reduction of 12.15%.

关键词： Analytical models Computational modeling conferences Static analysis Tools Programming

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Incremental Flow analysis through Computational Dependency Reification

Incremental Flow Analysis through Computational Dependency R...

引用

ieee International Workshop on source code analysis and manipulation

作者： Jens Van der Plas Quentin Stiévenart Noah Van Es Coen De Roover Software Languages Lab Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium

ISBN: (数字)9781728192482

ISBN: (纸本)9781728192499

Static analyses are used to gain more confidence in changes made by developers. To be of most use, such analyses must deliver feedback fast. Therefore, incremental static analyses update previous results rather than entirely recompute them. This reduces the analysis time upon a program change, and makes the analysis well-suited for environments where the code base is frequently updated, such as in IDEs and CI *** this work, we present a general approach to render a modular static analysis for highly dynamic programs incremental, by exploiting dependencies between intermediate analysis results. Modular analyses divide a program in interdependent parts that are analysed in isolation. The dependencies between these parts stem, for example, from the use of shared variables within the program. Our incrementalisation approach leverages the modularity of the analysis together with the dependencies that it reifies to compute and bound the impact of changes. This way, only the affected parts of the result need to be reanalysed, and unnecessary recomputations are *** apply our approach to both a function-modular and a thread-modular analysis and evaluate it by comparing an incremental update of an existing result to a full reanalysis. We find reductions of the analysis time from 6% to 99% on 14 out of 16 benchmark programs, and on most programs the impact on precision is limited. On 7 of the programs, reanalysis time is reduced by more than 75%, showing that our approach results in fast incremental updates.

关键词： Instruction sets conferences Static analysis Benchmark testing Data structures Performance analysis

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Automated Identification of On-hold Self-admitted Technical Debt

Automated Identification of On-hold Self-admitted Technical ...

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ieee International Workshop on source code analysis and manipulation

作者： Rungroj Maipradit Bin Lin Csaba Nagy Gabriele Bavota Michele Lanza Hideaki Hata Kenichi Matsumoto Nara Institute of Science and Technology Japan Software Institute USI Università della Svizzera Italiana Switzerland

ISBN: (数字)9781728192482

ISBN: (纸本)9781728192499

Modern software is developed under considerable time pressure, which implies that developers more often than not have to resort to compromises when it comes to code that is well written and code that just does the job. This has led over the past decades to the concept of “technical debt”, a short-term hack that potentially generates long-term maintenance problems. Self-admitted technical debt (SATD) is a particular form of technical debt: developers consciously perform the hack but also document it in the code by adding comments as a reminder (or as an admission of guilt). We focus on a specific type of SATD, namely “On-hold” SATD, in which developers document in their comments the need to halt an implementation task due to conditions outside of their scope of work (e.g., an open issue must be closed before a function can be implemented).We present an approach, based on regular expressions and machine learning, which is able to detect issues referenced in code comments, and to automatically classify the detected instances as either “On-hold” (the issue is referenced to indicate the need to wait for its resolution before completing a task), or as “cross-reference”, (the issue is referenced to document the code, for example to explain the rationale behind an implementation choice). Our approach also mines the issue tracker of the projects to check if the On-hold SATD instances are “superfluous” and can be removed (i.e., the referenced issue has been closed, but the SATD is still in the code). Our evaluation confirms that our approach can indeed identify relevant instances of On-hold SATD. We illustrate its usefulness by identifying superfluous On-hold SATD instances in open source projects as confirmed by the original developers.

关键词： Computer hacking Roads Maintenance engineering Software Reliability Time factors Task analysis

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Fix that Fix Commit: A real-world remediation analysis of JavaScript projects

Fix that Fix Commit: A real-world remediation analysis of Ja...

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ieee International Workshop on source code analysis and manipulation

作者： Vinuri Bandara Thisura Rathnayake Nipuna Weerasekara Charitha Elvitigala Kenneth Thilakarathna Primal Wijesekera Chamath Keppitiyagama SCoRe Lab University of Colombo School of Computing Bug Zero University of California Berkeley

ISBN: (数字)9781728192482

ISBN: (纸本)9781728192499

While there is a large body of work on understanding vulnerabilities in the wild, little has been done to understand the dynamics of the remediation phase of the development cycle. To this end, we have done a timeline analysis on 118K commits from 53 of the most used JavaScript projects from GitHub to understand the provenance and prevalence of vulnerabilities in those projects. We used a vulnerability detector (codeQL) to filter commits that introduced vulnerabilities and the commits that fixed a prior vulnerability. We found that in 82% of the projects, a commit fixing a prior vulnerability, in turn, introduced one or more new vulnerabilities. Among those projects, on average, 18% of the commits intended to fix vulnerabilities, in turn, introduced one or more new vulnerabilities. We also found that 50% of the total vulnerabilities found in those projects originated from a commit meant to fix a prior vulnerability, and 78% of those vulnerabilities could have been avoided if they were to use proper internal testing. We provide critical insights into how proper internal testing can avoid a significant portion of vulnerabilities, increasing organizations' security posture.

关键词： conferences Detectors Software Security Testing Software development management

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Compositional Information Flow analysis for WebAssembly Programs

Compositional Information Flow Analysis for WebAssembly Prog...

引用

ieee International Workshop on source code analysis and manipulation

作者： Quentin Stiévenart Coen De Roover Software Languages Lab Vrije Universiteit Brussel Belgium

ISBN: (数字)9781728192482

ISBN: (纸本)9781728192499

WebAssembly is a new W3C standard, providing a portable target for compilation for various languages. All major browsers can run WebAssembly programs, and its use extends beyond the web: there is interest in compiling cross-platform desktop applications, server applications, IoT and embedded applications to WebAssembly because of the performance and security guarantees it aims to provide. Indeed, WebAssembly has been carefully designed with security in mind. In particular, WebAssembly applications are sandboxed from their host environment. However, recent works have brought to light several limitations that expose WebAssembly to traditional attack vectors. Visitors of websites using WebAssembly have been exposed to malicious code as a result. In this paper, we propose an automated static program analysis to address these security concerns. Our analysis is focused on information flow and is compositional. For every WebAssembly function, it first computes a summary that describes in a sound manner where the information from its parameters and the global program state can flow to. These summaries can then be applied during the subsequent analysis of function calls. Through a classical fixed-point formulation, one obtains an approximation of the information flow in the WebAssembly program. This results in the first compositional static analysis for WebAssembly. On a set of 34 benchmark programs spanning 196kLOC of WebAssembly, we compute at least 64% of the function summaries precisely in less than a minute in total.

关键词： W3C Standards Static analysis Tools Malware Security Servers Standards

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