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Towards a tool for visualizing pupil dilation linked with source code artifacts

Towards a tool for visualizing pupil dilation linked with so...

引用

ieee International Workshop on Visualizing Software for Understanding and analysis (VISSOFT)

作者： Constantina Ioannou Per Bækgaard Ekkart Kindler Barbara Weber DTU Compute Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark Institute of Computer Science University of St. Gallen St. Gallen Switzerland

ISBN: (数字)9781728199146

ISBN: (纸本)9781728199153

Recent eye tracking research in the field of software engineering has proposed novel visualizations linking developer's gazes with the source code artifacts to better understand how developers comprehend source code artifacts potentially consisting of several different files. In addition, it is well established that cognitive processes can be monitored by recording the change in pupil dilation. Recent pupillometry studies in the software engineering field have shown that pupil dilation can be used either as an indicator of cognitive load or task difficulty. We envision to create a tool for visualizing pupil dilation linked to source code artifacts that can help to better understand the cognitive processes of a developer during code comprehension tasks in terms of cognitive load. In this paper, we describe a feasibility study we conducted to enable a more fine-grained analysis of pupil dilation and we demonstrate some preliminary results.

关键词： Visualization Cognitive processes Tools Software Pupils Task analysis Software engineering

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POI: Skew-Aware Parallel Race Detection 18

POI: Skew-Aware Parallel Race Detection

引用

18th ieee International working conference on source code analysis and manipulation (SCAM)

作者： Sakurai, Yoshitaka Arahori, Yoshitaka Gondow, Katsuhiko Tokyo Inst Technol Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781538682906

Multithreaded programs are prone to dataraces. Dataraces are known to be hard to detect and reproduce by manual effort, although they often have detrimental effects on program reliability. Automated techniques are thus demanded for detecting dataraces efficiently and precisely. There have been proposed a lot of datarace detectors so far, among which dynamic ones are promising because of their precision. However, existing dynamic race detectors incur high race-checking overheads. Even a state-of-the-art dynamic race detector, called Parallel FastTrack, fails to efficiently detect races under certain conditions, despite its attempt to parallelize race detection for efficiency. In this paper, we propose an efficient and precise parallel race detector. For our proposal, we first experimentally reveal that the load-distribution policy of Parallel FastTrack tends to skew race-checking loads to a few detection threads. We then present a simple but effective technique, called POI, for balancing race-checking loads among detection threads. POI takes race-checking loads of each detection thread into account and reduces the load skew by making each detection thread manage almost the same number of memory addresses to be checked. Experiments on several real multithreaded data-processing applications show that POI succeeded in reducing, on average, about 37% of race detection overheads, which the load-distribution policy of Parallel FastTrack would impose.

关键词： concurrency datarace race detection dynamic analysis parallelization

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The Case for Adaptive Change Recommendation 18

The Case for Adaptive Change Recommendation

引用

18th ieee International working conference on source code analysis and manipulation (SCAM)

作者： Pugh, Sydney Binkley, David Moonen, Leon Loyola Univ Maryland 4501 N Charles St Baltimore MD 21210 USA Simula Res Lab Oslo Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9781538682906

As the complexity of a software system grows, it becomes increasingly difficult for developers to be aware of all the dependencies that exist between artifacts (e.g., files or methods) of the system. Change impact analysis helps to overcome this problem, as it recommends to a developer relevant source-code artifacts related to her current changes. Association rule mining has shown promise in determining change impact by uncovering relevant patterns in the system's change history. State-of-the-art change impact mining algorithms typically make use of a change history of tens of thousands of transactions. For efficiency, targeted association rule mining focuses on only those transactions potentially relevant to answering a particular query. However, even targeted algorithms must consider the complete set of relevant transactions in the history. This paper presents ATARI, a new adaptive approach to association rule mining that considers a dynamic selection of the relevant transactions. It can be viewed as a further constrained version of targeted association rule mining, in which as few as a single transaction might be considered when determining change impact. Our investigation of adaptive change impact mining empirically studies seven algorithm variants. We show that adaptive algorithms are viable, can be just as applicable as the start-of-the-art complete-history algorithms, and even outperform them for certain queries. However, more important than the direct comparison, our investigation lays necessary groundwork for the future study of adaptive techniques and their application to challenges such as the on-the-fly style of impact analysis that is needed at the GitHub-scale.

关键词： Association rule mining Change impact analysis Evolutionary coupling

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RECKA and RPromF: two Frama-C Plug-ins for Optimizing Registers usage in CUDA, OpenACC and OpenMP Programs 18

RECKA and RPromF: two Frama-C Plug-ins for Optimizing Regist...

引用

18th ieee International working conference on source code analysis and manipulation (SCAM)

作者： Diarra, Rokiatou Merigot, Alain Vincke, Bastien Univ Paris Saclay SATIE Univ Paris Sud F-94235 Cachan France

ISBN: (纸本)9781538682906

Pointer aliasing still hinders compiler optimizations. The ISO C standard 99 has added the restrict keyword that allows programmer to specify non-aliasing as an aid to the compiler's optimizer. The task of annotating pointers with the restrict keyword is still left to the programmer and this task is, in general, tedious and prone to errors. Scalar replacement is an optimization widely used by compilers. In this paper, we present two new Frama-C plug-ins, RECKA for automatic annotation of CUDA kernels arguments with the restrict keyword, and RPromF for scalar replacement in OpenACC and OpenMP 4.0/4.5 codes for GPU. More specifically, RECKA works as follows: (i) an alias analysis is performed on CUDA kernels and their callers;(ii) if not found any alias then CUDA kernels are cloned, the clones are renamed and their arguments are annotated with the restrict qualifier;and (iii) instructions are added to kernels call sites to perform at runtime a less-than check analysis on kernel actuals parameters and determine if the clone must be called or the original one. RPromF includes five main steps: (i) OpenACC/OpenMP offloading regions are identified;(ii) functions containing these offloading codes and their callers are analyzed to check that there is no alias;(iii) if there is no alias then the offloading codes are cloned;(iv) clone's instructions are analyzed to retrieve data reuse information and perform scalar replacement;and instructions are added to be able to use the optimized clone whenever possible. We have evaluated the two plug-ins on PolyBench benchmark suite. The results show that both scalar replacement and the usage of restrict keyword are effective for improving the overall performance of OpenACC, OpenMP 4.0/4.5 and CUDA codes.

关键词： CUDA OpenACC OpenMP scalar replacement static analysis alias analysis Frama-C

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Static JavaScript Call Graphs: a Comparative Study 18

Static JavaScript Call Graphs: a Comparative Study

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18th ieee International working conference on source code analysis and manipulation (SCAM)

作者： Antal, Gabor Hegedus, Peter Toth, Zoltan Ferenc, Rudolf Gyimothy, Tibor Univ Szeged Dept Software Engn Szeged Hungary MTA SZTE Res Grp Artificial Intelligence Szeged Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9781538682906

The popularity and wide adoption of JavaScript both at the client and server side makes its code analysis more important than ever before. Most of the algorithms for vulnerability analysis, coding issue detection, or type inference rely on the call graph representation of the underlying program. Despite some obvious advantages of dynamic analysis, static algorithms should also be considered for call graph construction as they do not require extensive test beds for programs and their costly execution and tracing. In this paper, we systematically compare five widely adopted static algorithms - implemented by the npm call graph, IBM WALA, Google Closure Compiler, Approximate Call Graph, and Type Analyzer for JavaScript tools - for building JavaScript call graphs on 26 WebKit SunSpider benchmark programs and 6 real-world *** modules. We provide a performance analysis as well as a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the results. We found that there was a relatively large intersection of the found call edges among the algorithms, which proved to be 100% precise. However, most of the tools found edges that were missed by all others. ACG had the highest precision followed immediately by TAJS, but ACG found significantly more call edges. As for the combination of tools, ACG and TAJS together covered 99% of the found true edges by all algorithms, while maintaining a precision as high as 98%. Only two of the tools were able to analyze up-to-date multi-file *** modules due to incomplete language features support. They agreed on almost 60% of the call edges, but each of them found valid edges that the other missed.

关键词： JavaScript call graph static code analysis comparative study

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Exploring Developer Preferences for Visualizing External Information Within source code Editors

Exploring Developer Preferences for Visualizing External Inf...

引用

ieee International Workshop on Visualizing Software for Understanding and analysis (VISSOFT)

作者： Xinhong Liu Reid Holmes University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781728199146

ISBN: (纸本)9781728199153

Developers increasingly rely on external tools and services which causes development information to be scattered across different information silos. To access this information, developers need to access different applications, presentation files, and web services. This paper investigates mechanisms for incorporating external information sources into Integrated Development Environments using visual mechanisms to support common software development activities. Through a developer survey and a small experiment we find that developers prefer minimal representations for incorporating external information sources into their source code editors, and that they are able to use this information when performing their development tasks.

关键词： Visualization Web services Data visualization Tools Control systems Software Task analysis

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On the Quality of Identifiers in Test code

On the Quality of Identifiers in Test Code

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ieee International Workshop on source code analysis and manipulation

作者： Bin Lin Csaba Nagy Gabriele Bavota Andrian Marcus Michele Lanza Software Institute @ Universit?? della Svizzera italiana (USI) Switzerland University of Texas Dallas USA

Meaningful, expressive identifiers in source code can enhance the readability and reduce comprehension efforts. Over the past years, researchers have devoted considerable effort to understanding and improving the naming quality of identifiers in source code. However, little attention has been given to test code, an important resource during program comprehension activities. To better grasp identifier quality in test code, we conducted a survey involving manually written and automatically generated test cases from ten open source software projects. The survey results indicate that test cases contain low quality identifiers, including the manually written ones, and that the quality of identifiers is lower in test code than in production code. We also investigated the use of three state-of-the-art rename refactoring recommenders for improving test code identifiers. The analysis highlights their limitations when applied to test code and supports mapping out a research agenda for future work in the area.

关键词： Production Java Tools Open source software Natural language processing Thesauri Programming

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Exploring Eye Tracking Data on source code via Dual Space analysis 7

Exploring Eye Tracking Data on Source Code via Dual Space An...

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7th ieee working conference on Software Visualization (VISSOFT)

作者： Zhang, Li Sun, Jianxin Peterson, Cole Sharif, Bonita Yu, Hongfeng Univ Nebraska Dept Comp Sci & Engn Lincoln NE 68588 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728149394

Eye tracking is a frequently used technique to collect data capturing users' strategies and behaviors in processing information. Understanding how programmers navigate through a large number of classes and methods to find bugs is important to educators and practitioners in software engineering. However, the eye tracking data collected on realistic codebases is massive compared to traditional eye tracking data on one static page. The same content may appear in different areas on the screen with users scrolling in an Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Hierarchically structured content and fluid method position compose the two major challenges for visualization. We present a dual-space analysis approach to explore eye tracking data by leveraging existing software visualizations and a new graph embedding visualization. We use the graph embedding technique to quantify the distance between two arbitrary methods, which offers a more accurate visualization of distance with respect to the inherent relations, compared with the direct software structure and the call graph. The visualization offers both naturalness and readability showing time-varying eye movement data in both the content space and the embedded space, and provides new discoveries in developers' eye tracking behaviors.

关键词： visualization eye tracking developer classification content space embedded space

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Proceedings - 2019 ieee/ACM 16th International conference on Mining Software Repositories, MSR 2019

Proceedings - 2019 IEEE/ACM 16th International Conference on...

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16th ieee/ACM International conference on Mining Software Repositories, MSR 2019

ISBN: (纸本)9781728134123

The proceedings contain 79 papers. The topics discussed include: an empirical history of permission requests and mistakes in open source android apps;challenges with responding to static analysis tool alerts;data-driven solutions to detect API compatibility issues in android: an empirical study;greensource: a large-scale collection of android code, tests and energy metrics;CROSSFLOW: a framework for distributed mining of software repositories;the impact of systematic edits in history slicing;mining rule violations in JavaScript code snippets;can duplicate questions on stack overflow benefit the software development community?;and man vs machine – a study into language identification of stack overflow code snippets.

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A manually-curated dataset of fixes to vulnerabilities of open-source software 16

A manually-curated dataset of fixes to vulnerabilities of op...

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16th ieee/ACM International conference on Mining Software Repositories, MSR 2019

作者： Ponta, Serena Elisa Plate, Henrik Sabetta, Antonino Bezzi, Michele Dangremont, Cedric SAP Security Research Mougins France

ISBN: (纸本)9781728134123

Advancing our understanding of software vulnerabilities, automating their identification, the analysis of their impact, and ultimately their mitigation is necessary to enable the development of software that is more secure. While operating a vulnerability assessment tool, which we developed, and that is currently used by hundreds of development units at SAP, we manually collected and curated a dataset of vulnerabilities of open-source software, and the commits fixing them. The data were obtained both from the National Vulnerability Database (NVD), and from project-specific web resources, which we monitor on a continuous basis. From that data, we extracted a dataset that maps 624 publicly disclosed vulnerabilities affecting 205 distinct opensource Java projects, used in SAP products or internal tools, onto the 1282 commits that fix them. Out of 624 vulnerabilities, 29 do not have a CVE (Common Vulnerability and Exposure) identifier at all, and 46, which do have such identifier assigned by a numbering authority, are not available in the NVD yet. The dataset is released under an open-source license, together with supporting scripts that allow researchers to automatically retrieve the actual content of the commits from the corresponding repositories, and to augment the attributes available for each instance. Moreover, these scripts allow to complement the dataset with additional instances that are not security fixes (which is useful, for example, in machine learning applications). Our dataset has been successfully used to train classifiers that could automatically identify security-relevant commits in code repositories. The release of this dataset and the supporting code as open-source will allow future research to be based on data of industrial relevance;it also represents a concrete step towards making the maintenance of this dataset a shared effort involving open-source communities, academia, and the industry. © 2019 ieee.

关键词： Open source software

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