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A Homogeneous FeFET-Based Time-Domain Compute-in-Memory Fabric for Matrix-Vector Multiplication and Associative Search

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ieee TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED design OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND systems 2025年第5期44卷 1856-1868页

作者： Yin, Xunzhao Huang, Qingrong Barkam, Hamza Errahmouni Mueller, Franz Deng, Shan Vardar, Alptekin De, Sourav Jiang, Zhouhang Imani, Mohsen Schlichtmann, Ulf Hu, Xiaobo Sharon Zhuo, Cheng Kaempfe, Thomas Ni, Kai Zhejiang Univ Coll Informat Sci & Elect Engn Hangzhou 310058 Peoples R China Univ Calif Irvine Dept Comp Sci Irvine CA 92697 USA Fraunhofer IPMS Ctr Nanoelect Technol Ctr Nanoelect Technol D-01099 Dresden Germany Rochester Inst Technol Dept Elect & Microelect Engn Rochester NY 14623 USA Natl Tsinghua Univ Coll Semicond Res Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Tech Univ Munich Chair Elect Design Automat D-80333 Munich Germany Univ Notre Dame Dept Comp Sci & Engn Notre Dame IN 46556 USA Fraunhofer IPMS Ctr Nanoelect Technol D-01099 Dresden Germany Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig D-38106 Braunschweig Germany Univ Notre Dame Dept Elect Engn Notre Dame IN 46556 USA

Matrix-vector multiplication (MVM) and content-based search are two key operations in many machine learning workloads. This article proposes a ferroelectric FET (FeFET) time-domain compute-in-memory (TD-CiM) array that can accelerate both operations in a homogeneous fabric. We demonstrate that 1) the AND and XOR/XNOR logic functions required by MVM and content-based search can be realized using a single compute-in-memory (CiM) cell composed of 2FeFETs connected in series;2) an inverter chain-based TD-CiM array along with a two-phase time-domain computation principle of the TD-CiM can be employed to implement the MVM and content-based search functions;3) a signal delay-to-digital output conversion can be implemented by associating a loading capacitor with each stage of the inverter chain-based TD-CiM array, ensuring the full digital compatibility;and 4) the proposed 2FeFET cell and inverter chain-based TD-CiM array are robust against FeFET variation according to our comprehensive theoretical and experimental validation. We show how the FeFET TD-CiM can be exploited to accelerate hyperdimensional computing (HDC) and adjusted to process different tasks through dynamic and fine-grained resource allocation. HDC application benchmarking results show that the proposed FeFET-based TD-CiM offers on average 106x/63x energy reduction/speedup compared to GPU-based implementation. With more than 8500 TOPS/W energy-efficiency, the proposed FeFET-based TD-CiM exhibits huge potential as a processing fabric for various memory-intensive applications.

关键词： FeFETs Delays Cams Time-domain analysis Energy efficiency Logic Inverters Fabrics Array signal processing In-memory computing Content addressable memory ferroelectric FET (FeFET) time-domain compute-in-memory (TD-CiM)

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Physical Layer simulative comparison of DVB-S2X/RCS2 and 3GPP 5G NR-NTN technologies over Geostationary Satellite Scenario 12

Physical Layer simulative comparison of DVB-S2X/RCS2 and 3GP...

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12th Advanced Satellite Multimedia systems Conference and the 18th signal processing for Space Communications workshop, ASMS/SPSC 2025

作者： Chamaillard, Baptiste Traoré, Albekaye Borios, Nathan Cioni, Stefano Thales Alenia Space Business Line Telecommunication Toulouse France European Space Agency Telecommunication Systems and Techniques Section Noordwijk Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522353

This simulation study aims to compare the physical layer performance of the 5th Generation (5G) New Radio Non-Terrestrial Networks (NR NTN) air interface with Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) technologies, specifically analyzing the Second Generation Satellite Extensions (S2X) standard on the Downlink (DL) and DVB- Return Channel via Satellite 2nd generation (RCS2) standard on the Uplink (UL). The study assumes a reference geosynchronous satellite telecommunication system operating in the Ka-band frequencies. The comparison analysis of the physical layers demodulation performance on the Forward (FWD) link reveals an average spectral efficiency decrease from 15 to 26% for NR PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) in comparison to DVB-S2X. The analysis of the Return (RTN) link indicates comparable performance between NR PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) and DVB-RCS2, with a marginal advantage for either technology based on specific study cases. The conclusions drawn from the performance comparison emphasize the potential for optimizing NR waveform configuration to improve spectral efficiency and reduce implementation losses through enhanced channel estimation and phase tracking algorithms. Moreover, this study outcome advocates for the completion of the physical layer comparison with System Level simulations of both technologies. This would make it possible to consider additional implications such as nonlinear amplification effects, control plane overhead, and scheduling efficiency. © 2025 ieee.

关键词： Satellite communication systems

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Satellite-Terrestrial Integration: 5G Architectures for the Seamless Support of Mission Critical Services 12

Satellite-Terrestrial Integration: 5G Architectures for the ...

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12th Advanced Satellite Multimedia systems Conference and the 18th signal processing for Space Communications workshop, ASMS/SPSC 2025

作者： Nasirian, Sara Giambene, Giovanni Barrachina-Muñoz, Sergio Mangues-Bafalluy, Josep Hadji, Makhlouf Vazquez, Miguel Ángel Santilli, Lorenzo Foukalas, Fotis Khalili, Hamzeh Università di Siena Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics Italy Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya Castelldefels Spain Airbus Defense and Space Paris France Telecom Italia S.p.A The Innovation and Information Office Italy University of Thessaly Dept. of Informatics & Telecommunications Lamia Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522353

This paper studies integration issues for the achievement of TN-NTN systems providing mission-critical (MCX) services in the EU 5G-GOVSATCOM project. The standardization of NTN as an integral part of 5G terrestrial systems is progressing, with important progress made in the last Releases 17 and 18. This important evolution, however, is not complete because the integration of the two networks is also needed at the protocol level. In the first part of this paper, we investigate MCX requirements. Then, two alternative architectures are considered with distinct core networks or with unified core networks, according to Release 20. The second part of this paper presents the issue of the seamless Vertical Handover between TN and NTN, proposing the adoption of a smart gateway server, a new block of the 5G system to manage a seamless switch from the two networks when some critical conditions are met. Using VPNs from UE to TN and TNT can facilitate the VHO procedure at the network layer, just avoiding a change of the IP address of the UE during the VHO that would cause a drop for the MCX end-to-end service. We believe this paper can provide useful insights into GOVSATCOM system design and the experimental phase of this project. © 2025 ieee.

关键词： 5G mobile communication systems

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A Log-Normal Complex-Amplitude Likelihood Ratio-Based TBD Method With Soft Orbit-Information Constraints for Tracking Space Targets With Space-Based Radar

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADAR SYSTEMS

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ieee TRANSACTIONS ON RADAR systems 2025年 3卷 467-482页

作者： Zheng, Shuyu Li, Dongsheng Yang, Qingwei Zhao, Yingjian Jiang, Libing Wang, Zhuang Natl Univ Def Technol Coll Elect Sci & Technol Changsha 410073 Peoples R China

Space-based radars (SBRs) systems are able to provide an unobstructed field of view for space target detection and tracking. However, the large temperature dynamic range and poor heat dissipation performance of the SBR system cause severe thermal noise, leading to deficiency in distant or dim space target detection tasks. In essence, the challenges above can be categorized as typical low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) problems, and the track before detect (TBD) processing scheme is applied to solve them in this article. Nevertheless, the typical TBD methods reckon without the following aspects and thus are not well compatible with space target surveillance tasks via the SBR system. First, the typical TBD methods discard the phase information of radar raw data in constructing the likelihood ratio. In addition, most existing work merely considers modeling the amplitude fluctuation as Swerling types, which is not accurate enough for space targets when compared with the log-normal distribution (LND) model. Moreover, orbital space targets follow the orbital dynamic principle while most existing TBD methods neglect this important information, which will cause space targets filtering estimation bias. To address the aforementioned problems, we propose a TBD method based on the complex-amplitude likelihood ratio (CLR) of the LND model and soft orbit-information constraint (OC). In this article, with the aim of acquiring a more accurate likelihood ratio, we first derive the closed mathematical form of the amplitude likelihood ratio (ALR) and the CLR of the LND model. Meanwhile, some approximations are proposed to alleviate the integral computation. Then, the proposed ALR and CLR of the LND model are utilized to be implemented into the TBD scheme. Finally, we design elegant soft OC strategies to modify the associated weights corresponding with birth particles in sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) implementation. Simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the propo

关键词： Space vehicles Radar tracking Target tracking Radar Orbits Spaceborne radar Mathematical models Computational modeling Surveillance signal to noise ratio Complex-amplitude likelihood ratio (CLR) of the log-normal distribution (LND) model soft orbit-information (OC) constraints space-based radar (SBR) tracking before detection (TBD)

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design and implementation of a Data Encryption Framework Simulink Model for Protecting Sensitive Organizational Data 1

Design and Implementation of a Data Encryption Framework Sim...

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1st International Conference on Advances in Computer Science, Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Technologies, CE2CT 2025

作者： Patchigolla, Veera Lakshmayya Clarksburg MD United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331518578

Internet-of-Medical-Things (IoMT) based sensitive data protection has become a critical problem lately. IoMT-sensitive data are used to connect patients with adults. Since every record, data, and healthcare signal is transmitted over these systems, they need strong and safe access methods for individuals to transmit their essential statistics or documents. Because of this, breaching these systems could have negative impacts on patients. An emerging pattern in biometric verification is to prevent using authentic biometrics for security purposes. Cancelable digital fingerprints can be created using a data encryption framework or non-invertible transformations. This study presents an integrated structure for cancelable ECG signal detection that is suitable for use in IoMT networking access steps. The suggested system uses fuzzy reasoning to perform a non-invertible transition on ECG data, altering its shifting spectrum. Cancellable biometric platforms aim to retrieve original ECG data from processing variants, but the procedure is non-invertible and hinders this goal. Next, customized trends are used to build compact encryption using XOR. This eliminates the complication of comprehensive encryption systems requiring significant computing resources. By combining encryption techniques and non-invertible transformations, the encryption phase improves the safety of cancelable biometrics features and permits the mixed nature of the suggested cancelable biometrics architecture. For the actual adoption of the suggested ECG-based cancelable biometrics identification structure, hardware adaptation is also shown. According to empirical findings, the suggested structure performs well, with an Equivalent Error Rate (EER) of 0.059%. © 2025 ieee.

关键词： Electrocardiography

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Functional Basis Analysis for the Characterization of Power System signal Dynamics: Formulation, implementation, and Validation

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ieee Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2025年 74卷

作者： Karpilow, Alexandra Derviškadić, Asja Paolone, Mario Lausanne1015 Switzerland Swissgrid AG Aarau5001 Switzerland

With the integration of distributed energy resources and the trend toward low-inertia power grids, the frequency and severity of grid dynamics are expected to increase. Conventional phasor-based signal-processing methods are proving to be insufficient in the analysis of nonstationary ac voltage and current waveforms, while the computational complexity of many dynamic signal analysis techniques hinders their deployment in operational embedded systems. This article presents the functional basis analysis (FBA), a signal-processing tool capable of capturing the broadband nature of common single-component signal dynamics in power grids while maintaining a streamlined design for real-time monitoring applications. Relying on the Hilbert transform (HT) and optimization techniques, the FBA can be user-engineered to identify and characterize combinations of several of the most common signal dynamics in power grids, including amplitude/phase modulations (AMs/PMs), frequency ramps (FRs), and steps. This article describes the theoretical basis and design of the FBA as well as the deployment of the algorithm in embedded hardware systems, with adaptations made to consider latency requirements, finite memory capacity, and fixed-point precision arithmetic. For validation, a phasor measurement unit (PMU) calibrator is used to evaluate and compare the algorithm’s performance to state-of-the-art static and dynamic phasor methods. The test results highlight the potential of the FBA method for implementation in embedded systems to enhance grid situational awareness during critical grid events. Future work will investigate the extraction of multicomponent broadband signals with empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for harmonic analysis. © 2025 ieee. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fixed point arithmetic

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Advancing Hyperspectral and Multispectral Image Fusion: An Information-Aware Transformer-Based Unfolding Network

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ieee TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING systems 2025年第4期36卷 7407-7421页

作者： Sun, Jianqiao Chen, Bo Lu, Ruiying Cheng, Ziheng Qu, Chunhui Yuan, Xin Xidian Univ Natl KeyLaboratory Radar Signal Proc Xian 710071 Peoples R China Xidian Univ Sch Cyber Engn Xian 710126 Peoples R China Westlake Univ Sch Engn Hangzhou 310030 Zhejiang Peoples R China

In hyperspectral image (HSI) processing, the fusion of the high-resolution multispectral image (HR-MSI) and the low-resolution HSI (LR-HSI) on the same scene, known as MSI-HSI fusion, is a crucial step in obtaining the desired high-resolution HSI (HR-HSI). With the powerful representation ability, convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep unfolding methods have demonstrated promising performances. However, limited receptive fields of CNN often lead to inaccurate long-range spatial features, and inherent input and output images for each stage in unfolding networks restrict the feature transmission, thus limiting the overall performance. To this end, we propose a novel and efficient information-aware transformer-based unfolding network (ITU-Net) to model the long-range dependencies and transfer more information across the stages. Specifically, we employ a customized transformer block to learn representations from both the spatial and frequency domains as well as avoid the quadratic complexity with respect to the input length. For spatial feature extractions, we develop an information transfer guided linearized attention (ITLA), which transmits high-throughput information between adjacent stages and extracts contextual features along the spatial dimension in linear complexity. Moreover, we introduce frequency domain learning in the feedforward network (FFN) to capture token variations of the image and narrow the frequency gap. Via integrating our proposed transformer blocks with the unfolding framework, our ITU-Net achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on both synthetic and real hyperspectral datasets.

关键词： Feature extraction Transformers Task analysis Image reconstruction Frequency-domain analysis Hyperspectral imaging Spatial resolution Attention mechanism hyperspectral imaging image fusion vision transformers (ViTs)

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Massive MIMO-ISAC Beamforming design Via Sensing Energy Maximization

Massive MIMO-ISAC Beamforming Design Via Sensing Energy Maxi...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： Fang Li Bin Liao College of Electronics and Information Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

In this paper, we investigate the problem of transmit beamforming design for massive multiple-input multiple-output integrated sensing and communications (MIMO-ISAC) systems, through sensing energy maximization. Most of existing methods for transmit beamforming design suffer from high computational complexity in massive MIMO systems, prompting us to develop implementation-friendly designs. Specifically, we employ a structured beamformer composed of the communication precoder and sensing beamformer to simplify the design. The corresponding problem is formulated as maximizing the radar sensing performance in terms of the energy radiated towards the target to ensure sufficient echo from the target, while guaranteeing the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for each communication user. In particular, we present two designs with different but affordable complexities based on the instantaneous channel state information (CSI) and statistical CSI, and derive the solutions to them. Numerical examples are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed beamforming designs.

关键词： Array signal processing Simulation Radar Massive MIMO Interference Integrated sensing and communication Computational complexity Speech processing MIMO communication signal to noise ratio

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Scalable Long-Distance ISAC signal design for OFDM systems with Theoretical Analysis and Practical Validation

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ieee Wireless Communications Letters 2025年

作者： Jiang, Qingji Sun, Xiaoxu Wang, Dongming Pan, Cunhua Wang, Jiangzhou Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Nanjing210096 China Purple Mountain Laboratories Pervasive Communication Research Center Nanjing211111 China

The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a promising waveform for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), but its sensing range is limited by the cyclic prefix (CP), making it unsuitable for long-distance requirements. Moreover, long-distance echoes spanning multiple OFDM symbols introduce inter-symbol ambiguity. To address this problem, we propose a novel scalable long-distance ISAC signal design and processing method, considering timing advance between uplink and downlink in practical base stations. First, cyclic shifts and inverse phase compensation with low implementation complexity are introduced to eliminate inter-symbol interference (ISI). Second, an efficient multi-symbol channel estimation and detection method is presented to resolve ambiguity caused by long-distance echoes. Theoretical analysis demonstrates improved signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) performance, while simulations confirm ISI-free sensing. Experimental validation on a millimeter-wave system successfully detects the distance and velocity of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) beyond the CP limit, showcasing the practicality of the proposed approach. © 2012 ieee.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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A Mixed-signal ASIC for ISO 11784/5 Compliant Animal RFID Readers 16

A Mixed-Signal ASIC for ISO 11784/5 Compliant Animal RFID Re...

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16th ieee Latin American Symposium on Circuits and systems, LASCAS 2025

作者： Barbieri, Lucio Miguez, Matias Gak, Joel Arnaud, Alfredo Universidad Católica Del Uruguay Departamento de Ingeniería Montevideo Uruguay

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522124

In this work the design and implementation of a fully integrated ISO 11784/5 RFID reader front-end ASIC is presented, for both HDX and FDX transponder types. The ASIC was designed in a 0.18 μm. CMOS-HV technology, and includes the two analog front-ends which are multiplexed to a single 10-bit, 8-bit ENOB ADC, and a digital signal processing unit. The digital block is integrated by a field-programmable, re-usable, set of IIR filters to further process the RFID signals, working @1.25MSPS and composed of 20k logic gates (61% utilization ratio). The designed ASIC area (PADs not included) is 0.8mm2 © 2025 ieee.

关键词： CMOS integrated circuits

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