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Adaptive thresholding of document images based on Laplacian sign

Adaptive thresholding of document images based on Laplacian ...

引用

international conference on information technology: coding and computing (itcc)

作者： S. Rodtook Y. Rangsanseri Department of Computer Ramkhamhaeng University Huamark Bangkok Thailand Department of Telecommunications EngineeringFaculty of Engineering King Mongkut''s Institute of Technology Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)0769510620

We present a new technique for document image binarization to manage different situations in an image. The problems of image binarization caused by illumination, contrast, noise and much source type-related degradation are addressed. A new technique is applied to determine a local threshold for each pixel. The idea of our technique is to update locally the threshold value whenever the Laplacian sign of the input image changes along the raster scanned line. The Differential of Gaussian (DoG) is used to define the sign image. The proposed technique is tested with images including different types of document components and degradations. The results were compared with a global thresholding technique. It is shown that the proposed technique performs well and is highly robust.

关键词： Laplace equations Filtering Lighting Degradation Gray-scale Character recognition Background noise Smoothing methods Filters Kernel

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A vector watermarking using the generalized square mask

A vector watermarking using the generalized square mask

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international conference on information technology: coding and computing (itcc)

作者： Hwan Il Kang Kab Il Kim Jong Uk Choi Information and Control Eng.Myongji Univ Kyung-gi-do South Korea MarkAny Inc Chung-gu Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)0769510620

Presents an algorithm for watermark insertion and extraction in a vector image. Most parts of the vector image consist of an array of coordinate values. First, the image is partitioned into blocks with the same area, and every vertex coordinate value within a block is changed to a new coordinate value whose origin is at the south-west vertex of the mask belonging to the associated block. The insertion area is different according to the value of the watermark. Unlike the work of M. Sakamoto et al. (2000), we are able to use an arbitrary size for the square mask. The mask of Sukamoto et al.'s work is restrictive since the length of the mask is 2/sup R/-1, where R=1, 2, ..., n. We also show that our method is superior to the previous work against noise attacks.

关键词： Watermarking Random number generation Partitioning algorithms Data mining Joining processes

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coding theory framework for target location in distributed sensor networks

Coding theory framework for target location in distributed s...

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international conference on information technology: coding and computing (itcc)

作者： K. Chakrabarty S.S. Iyengar Hairong Qi Eungchun Cho Department Electrical & Computer Engineering Duke University Durham NC USA Department Computer Science Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA Department Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA Department Mathematics and Sciences Kentucky State University Frankfort KY USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769510620

Distributed, real time sensor networks are essential for effective surveillance in the digitized battlefield and for environmental monitoring. We present the first systematic theory that leads to novel sensor deployment strategies for effective surveillance and target location. We represent the sensor field as a grid (two- or three-dimensional) of points (coordinates), and use the term target at a grid point at any instant in time. We use the framework of unidentified codes to determine sensor placement for unique target location. We provide coding-theoretic-bounds on the number of sensors and present methods for determining their placement in the sensor field. We also show that sensor placement for single targets provides asymptotically complete (unambiguous) location of multiple targets.

关键词： Codes Intelligent networks Surveillance Sensor fusion Computer science Mathematics Computational Intelligence Society Monitoring Contracts Trajectory

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A highly efficient domain-programmable parallel architecture for iterative LDPCC decoding

A highly efficient domain-programmable parallel architecture...

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international conference on information technology: coding and computing (itcc)

作者： G. Al-Rawi J. Cioffi Department of Electrical Engineering University of Stanford Stanford CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769510620

We present a domain-programmable (code-independent) parallel architecture for efficiently implementing iterative probabilistic decoding of LDPC codes. The architecture is based on distributed computing and message passing. The exploited parallelism was found to be communication limited. To increase the utilization of the computational resources, we separate the routing process and state management functionalities performed by physical nodes from computation functionalities performed by function units that can be shared by multiple physical nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed architecture leads to improvements in FU utilization by 251%, 116%, and 209% compared to a hypothetical fully parallel custom implementation, a fully sequential implementation, and a proprietary FPGA custom implementation, respectively, that all use the same core FU design. Compared to an implementation on a shared-memory general-purpose parallel machine, the proposed architecture exhibits 75.6% improvement in scalability. We also introduce a novel low cost store-and-forward routing algorithm for deadlock avoidance in torus networks.

关键词： Parallel architectures Computer architecture Physics computing Routing Iterative decoding Parity check codes Distributed computing Message passing Parallel processing Resource management

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Inverted-space storage organization for persistent data of very high dimensionality

Inverted-space storage organization for persistent data of v...

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international conference on information technology: coding and computing (itcc)

作者： R. Orlandic Byunggu Yu Department of Computer Science Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL Department of Computer Science University of Wurzburg Laramie WY USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769510620

Contemporary database technology is severely limited in managing the high-dimensional data of many advanced applications, such as multimedia systems and data mining. The main concern of this paper is the well-known performance degradation of multi-dimensional access methods in spaces with many dimensions. The paper proposes an elaborate storage organization, called the inverted space, which can support efficient processing of data in spaces with very high dimensionality. The organization allows system administrators to control the size of spatial indexes and thereby to avoid the negative impact of extremely high data dimensionality on the retrieval performance. In addition, this paper introduces a new point access method designed to address numerous other problems that contemporary retrieval schemes experience in high-dimensional situations. This mechanism is envisioned to serve as the core indexing structure of inverted-space storage organizations.

关键词： Space technology Multimedia databases technology management Multimedia systems Data mining Degradation Size control Control systems Spatial indexes information retrieval

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3-D wavelet video coding with rate-distortion optimizization [optimizization read optimization]

3-D wavelet video coding with rate-distortion optimizization...

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international conference on information technology: coding and computing (itcc)

作者： P. Seigneurbieux Zixiang Xiong Department of Electrical Engineering Texas A and M University College Station TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769510620

The paper presents a rate-distortion (R-D) optimized 3D wavelet video coder by extending the concept of space-frequency quantization (SFQ) (Z. Xiong et al., 1997) from 2D to 3D. A lifting-based 3D (1T+2D) wavelet transform is deployed to process one part of the sequence at a time continuously, thus eliminating the boundary effects over GOPs. After 3D SFQ, in which an R-D based spatial-temporal tree-pruning process is used in conjunction with uniform quantization of wavelet coefficients, we apply an efficient progressive 3D entropy coder to further compress the quantized coefficients. Even without motion estimation, the new 3D SFQ video coder outperforms MPEG-4 and other 3D wavelet-based video coders for most sequences at the same bit rate.

关键词： Video coding Rate-distortion Quantization Video compression Continuous wavelet transforms Wavelet transforms Wavelet coefficients Entropy Motion estimation MPEG 4 Standard

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Development of a digital video system for remote sensing of coasts

Development of a digital video system for remote sensing of ...

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international conference on information technology: coding and computing (itcc)

作者： S. Wilson C.H. Chu University of Louisiana at Lafayette U. S. Geological Survey National WetlandsResearch Center USA The Center for Advanced Computer Studies University of Louisiana Lafayette USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769510620

The proliferation of low-cost multispectral CCD video technology in combination with the Global Positioning System (GPS) has progressed to the point where quantifiable and meaningful results can be derived from low-altitude aerial digital video systems. This low-cost technology will provide meaningful and sometimes critical data that will be required for regional and site-specific land and emergency management. Historically, video has not had the resolution or repeatability to be used for spatial processing, but newer digital systems have expanded the capabilities. Potential applications include the areas of precision farming, oil-spill clean-up, fire remediation and corridor mapping. In this article, we explain how we developed a low-altitude digital video system and compared it to a number of commercially available remote sensing platforms. Salient information such as color, texture, shape and orientation can be extracted from the images and used in a geographic information system for landscape and site-specific analysis.

关键词： Remote sensing Global Positioning System Image color analysis Charge coupled devices Disaster management technology management Spatial resolution Digital systems Fires Shape

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A novel cellular search algorithm for block-matching motion estimation

A novel cellular search algorithm for block-matching motion ...

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international conference on information technology: coding and computing (itcc)

作者： J. Hung Hung-Shung Wong Jung-Hua Wang Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0769510620

A novel cellular search (CS) algorithm for block-matching motion estimation is presented. Two different search patterns, namely the large CS pattern (LCSP) and the small CS pattern (SCSP), are employed to perform a search for the best-matching block. The LCSP assumes that the best-matching block can be located in any direction from the centre of the LCSP, and we show that the number of blocks via LCSP searching is less than via other algorithms. Following the LCSP search, the SCSP is used to search those blocks near the centre block. We show that the CS algorithm is computationally efficient; it requires less computation time than other algorithms, such as the three-step search of T. Koga et al. (1981), the new three-step search of R. Li et al. (1994) and the four-step search of L.M. Po et al. (1996).

关键词： Motion estimation Transform coding Pattern matching Video compression Distortion measurement Oceans MPEG 4 Standard Motion compensation Redundancy Image sequences

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Working documents automatic generation using an adaptive editor

Working documents automatic generation using an adaptive edi...

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international conference on information technology: coding and computing (itcc)

作者： F. Ferri P. Grifoni M. Padula A. Reggiori Istituto di Studi sulla Ricerca e Documentazione Scientijka CNR Rome Italy Istituto per le Tecnologie Infonnatiche Multimediali CNR Milan Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0769510620

The production process of documents was deeply transformed by the information technology influence on document writing activities. The wide use of personal computers produced a transformation of the document creation process. It is becoming a process of transformation and aggregation of documents. The different phases of this process are becoming more rapid due to the reusability of available documents by means of the cut and paste functionality. Internet diffusion is improving transformation of the document production process according to a co-operative approach. Indeed, the Internet is making available a large and growing amount of information, and focuses its attention on global information starting from local information. Locally and globally available information may be used to form a new document according to copyright problems. It is not, however, easy to retrieve and organise the large amount of information potentially available on the Internet according to the author's information goals. In this context there is a need for tools for editing and searching documents, that enable the automatic creation of personalised working documents. The aim of the paper is to define an approach for the on-line driven creation of documents, starting from the definition of their structures using shapes and semantics of their information.

关键词： Writing Internet Space technology Production information technology Space exploration Shape Navigation Microcomputers information retrieval

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On-line dynamic bandwidth allocation for VBR video transmission

On-line dynamic bandwidth allocation for VBR video transmiss...

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international conference on information technology: coding and computing (itcc)

作者： Hai Liu N. Ansari Y.Q. Shi Advanced Networking Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769510620

To guarantee quality of service (QoS), the requirements for video transmission, such as delay and cell loss rate (CLR), are very stringent. These constraints are difficult to meet if high network utilization is desired. In this paper, online dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithms, in which the bandwidth is adjusted based on the current frame size, are proposed to improve the bandwidth utilization. When the bandwidth deviation is large enough, a bandwidth re-negotiation process is triggered. Compared with a constant bit-rate (CBR) service, network utilization can be improved significantly for the same CLR. In general, to achieve a very low CLR and high bandwidth utilization, the re-negotiation frequency may become high. Algorithms which have been proven to be effective in reducing the re-negotiation frequency while keeping the bandwidth utilization at a reasonable level are also proposed.

关键词： Channel allocation Quality of service Bandwidth Telecommunication traffic Bit rate Uninterruptible power systems Frequency Quality management Costs Heuristic algorithms

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