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image-based segmentation for characterization and quantitative analysis of the spinal cord injuries by using diffusion patterns

Image-based segmentation for characterization and quantitati...

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Conference on image processing: algorithms and systems ix

作者： Hannula, Markus Olubamiji, Adeola Kunttu, Iivari Dastidar, Prasun Soimakallio, Seppo Ohman, Juha Hyttinen, Jari Tampere Univ Technol Dept Biomed Engn FIN-33101 Tampere Finland Tampere Univ Technol Med Imaging Ctr Dept Radiol FIN-33101 Tampere Finland Tampere Univ Technol Dept Neurosci & Rehabil FIN-33101 Tampere Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9780819484079

In medical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging sequences are able to provide information of the damaged brain structure and the neuronal connections. The sequences can be analyzed to form 3D models of the geometry and further including functional information of the neurons of the specific brain area to develop functional models. Modeling offers a tool which can be used for the modeling of brain trauma from images of the patients and thus information to tailor the properties of the transplanted cells. In this paper, we present image-based methods for the analysis of human spinal cord injuries. In this effort, we use three dimensional diffusion tensor imaging, which is an effective method for analyzing the response of the water molecules. This way, our idea is to study how the injury affects on the tissues and how this can be made visible in the imaging. In this paper, we present here a study of spinal cord analysis to two subjects, one healthy volunteer and one spinal cord injury patient. We have done segmentations and volumetric analysis for detection of anatomical differences. The functional differences are analyzed by using diffusion tensor imaging. The obtained results show that this kind of analysis is capable of finding differences in spinal cords anatomy and function.

关键词： Spinal cord injury Segmentation Volumetric analysis Diffusion tensor imaging

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Efficiency analysis of DCT-based filters for color image database

Efficiency analysis of DCT-based filters for color image dat...

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Conference on image processing: algorithms and systems ix

作者： Fevralev, Dmitriy V. Ponomarenko, Nikolay N. Lukin, Vladimir V. Abramov, Sergey K. Egiazarian, Karen O. Astola, Jaakko T. Natl Aerosp Univ UA-61070 Kharkov Ukraine Tampere Univ Technol FIN-33101 Tampere Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9780819484079

images formed by different systems are often noisy which makes filtering a typical operation of image pre-processing. In many research papers, filter performance is analyzed for a limited number of standard test images and noise variances. Here we use a recently created color image database TID2008 that allows assessing filter efficiency for 25 color images corrupted by noise with different values of variance, both i.i.d. and spatially correlated. Besides, this image database serves the purpose of evaluating different quality metrics including those able to characterize visual quality of original and processed images considerably better than conventional MSE and PSNR. The study is carried out for filters based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) able to suppress both i.i.d. and spatially correlated noise depending upon a way of threshold setting. It is shown that improvement of PSNR (IPSNR) due to filtering is very close for R, G, and B components of color images and this improvement depends on image content. IPSNR reaches 9 dB for quite simple images and it is only about 1 dB for highly textural images if initial PSNR=30 dB. Note that IPSNR is larger if the original PSNR is smaller. The visual quality metric PSNR-HVS-M is studied as well. The metric PSNR-HVS-M becomes larger due to filtering but in smaller degree than PSNR does. We demonstrate that it is possible to forecast whether or not visual quality can be improved due to filtering or to detect in advance highly textural images for which filtering can be not efficient enough. The provided output MSEs are also compared to potential limits calculated according to the recently proposed methodology. It is demonstrated that for highly textural images the DCT filtering with 8x8 full overlapping blocks and hard thresholding provides output MSE close to potential limits. The provided and limit MSEs differ from each other by about 10%. For simpler images, the provided and limit MSEs can differ by 1.5 ... 2.5 times. Anal

关键词： image filtering filter efficiency quality metrics color image database

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Analysing Wear in Carpets By Detecting Varying Local Binary Patterns

Analysing Wear in Carpets By Detecting Varying Local Binary ...

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Conference on image processing: algorithms and systems ix

作者： Orjuela, S. A. Vansteenkiste, E. Rooms, F. De Meulemeester, S. de Keyser, R. Philips, W. Univ Ghent IBBT IPI Dept Telecommun & Informat Proc TELIN Sint Pietersnieuwstr 41 B-9000 Ghent Belgium Univ Ghent Dept Text Ghent Belgium Univ Ghent Dept Elect Energy Syst & Automat Ghent Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9780819484079

Currently, carpet companies assess the quality of their products based on their appearance retention capabilities. For this, carpet samples with different degrees of wear after a traffic exposure simulation process are rated with wear labels by human experts. Experts compare changes in appearance in the worn samples to samples with original appearance. This process is subjective and humans can make mistakes up to 10% in rating. In search of an objective assessment, research using texture analysis has been conducted to automate the process. Particularly, Local Binary Pattern (LBP) technique combined with a Symmetric adaptation of the Kullback-Leibler divergence (SKL) are successful for extracting texture features related to the wear labels either from intensity and range images. We present in this paper a novel extension of the LBP techniques that improves the representation of the distinct wear labels. The technique consists in detecting those patters that monotonically change with the wear labels while grouping the others. Computing the SKL from these patters considerably increases the discrimination between the consecutive groups even for carpet types where other LBP variations fail. We present results for carpet types representing 72% of the existing references for the EN1471:1996 European standard.

关键词： LBP techniques image Analysis Wear Analysis Texture Analysis

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Time domain algorithm for whole field laser Doppler perfusion imaging

Time domain algorithm for whole field laser Doppler perfusio...

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Conference on Optical Diagnostics and Sensing ix

作者： Draijer, Matthijs J. Hondebrink, Erwin van Leeuwen, Ton G. Steenbergen, Wiendelt Univ Twente BMTI NL-7500 AE Enschede Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9780819474322

Recently, various groups have developed wide field laser Doppler perfusion imaging systems based on high speed camera's. The limiting factor for the frame rate and measurement duration in whole field laser Doppler perfusion imaging is the speed of transfer and analysis of data. We present an algorithm for calculating perfusion estimations with much lower demands for data storage and computational effort than the conventional FFT-based method. Our algorithm works in the time domain and estimates perfusion through simple time differentiations and multiplications of speckle image values. The algorithm is partly based on mathematical reasoning, and partly on a hypothesis that cannot be proven with rigorous mathematics. We will compare our algorithm with the frequency-domain counterpart for phantom studies involving static and dynamic media, and in vivo experiments on human skin. It is found that both algorithms, applied on the same dataset, approximately give the same perfusion estimations. The random differences are similar to the random variations found in tissue perfusion. Systematic differences between the algorithms smaller than 15% are found. The algorithm is currently twice as fast as the FFT-counterpart. Another advantage is that our algorithm can be included in a moving average scheme, where a new perfusion value can be determined based on the previous value and a small number of new raw speckle images.

关键词： laser Doppler perfusion imaging microcirculation signal processing

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Evaluation of raster image compression in the context of large format document processing

Evaluation of raster image compression in the context of lar...

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Conference on Color Imaging ix

作者： Sibade, C Barizien, S Akil, M Perroton, L Oce Print Log Technol F-94015 Creteil France

ISBN: (纸本)0819451967

We investigate the task of wide format still image manipulation and compression, within the framework of a document printing and copying data path. A typical document processing chain can benefit from the use of data compression, especially when it manages wide format color documents. In order to develop a new approach to use data compression for wide format printing systems, we expose in this article the benchmarking process of compression applied to large documents. Standard algorithms, from the imaging and document processing industry have been chosen for the compression of wide format color raster images. A database of image files has been created and classified for this purpose. The goal is to evaluate the performance in terms of data-flow reduction, along with quality losses in case of lossy compression. For the sake of a precise evaluation of performance of these compression algorithms, we include time measurements of the sole compression and decompression processes. A comparison of the memory footprint of each compression and decompression algorithms helps also to appreciate their resource consumptions.

关键词： compression performance evaluation wide format image printing systems

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Hierarchical structural matching algorithms for registration of aerospace images

Hierarchical structural matching algorithms for registration...

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Conference on image and Signal processing for Remote Sensing ix

作者： Lutsiv, V Malyshev, I Potapov, A SI Vavilov State Opt Inst St Petersburg Russia

ISBN: (纸本)0819451215

The aim of investigation was developing the image registration algorithms dealing with the aerial and cosmic pictures taken in different seasons from differing view points, or formed by differing kinds of sensors (visible, IR, SAR). The task could not be solved using the traditional correlation based approaches, thus we chose the structural juxtaposition of the stable specific details of pictures as the general image matching technique. Structural matching was usually applied in the expert systems where the rather reliable results were based on the target specific algorithms, but our algorithms deal with the aerospace photographs of arbitrary contents for which the application specific approaches could not be used. The chosen form of structural descriptions should provide distinguishing between the similar simple elements in the huge multitudes of image contours, thus the descriptions were made hierarchical: we grouped the contour elements belonging to the separate compact image regions. The structural matching was carried out in two levels: matching the simple elements of every group in the first image with the ones of every group in the second image;matching the groups as the wholes. The top-down links were used to enhance the lower level matching using the higher level matching results.

关键词： hierarchical structural matching image contours

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Halftoning processing on a JPEG-compressed image

Halftoning processing on a JPEG-compressed image

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Conference on Color Imaging ix

作者： Sibade, C Barizien, S Akil, M Perroton, L Oce Print Log Technol F-94015 Creteil France

ISBN: (纸本)0819451967

Digital image processing algorithms are usually designed for the raw format, that is on an uncompressed representation of the image. Therefore prior to transforming or processing a compressed format, decompression is applied;then, the result of the processing application is finally re-compressed for further transfer or storage. The change of data representation is resource-consuming in terms of computation, time and memory usage. In the wide format printing industry, this problem becomes an important issue: e.g. a 1 m(2) input color image, scanned at 600 dpi exceeds 1.6 GB in its raw representation. However, some image processing algorithms can be performed in the compressed-domain, by applying an equivalent operation on the compressed format. This paper is presenting an innovative application of the halftoning processing operation by screening, to be applied on JPEG-compressed image. This compressed-domain transform is performed by computing the threshold operation of the screening algorithm in the DCT domain. This algorithm is illustrated by examples for different halftone masks. A pre-sharpening operation, applied on a JPEG-compressed low quality image is also described;it allows to de-noise and to enhance the contours of this image.

关键词： compression halftoning compressed domain processing wide format image printing systems

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Phase signatures in acoustic-seismic landmine detection

Phase signatures in acoustic-seismic landmine detection

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Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets ix

作者： Wang, T Keller, JM Gader, PD Hocaoglu, AK Univ Missouri Dept Elect & Comp Engn Columbia MO 65211 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819453382

The utility of acoustic-to-seismic coupling systems for landmine detection has been clearly established. In this approach, laser Doppler vibrometers (LDV) are used to measure the different responses to acoustic excitation in ground regions with and without buried landmines. Currently, for most applications, only the magnitude of the surface velocity is investigated and used to construct recognition algorithms. Recently, we introduced phase-based features in the classification scheme, significantly lowering false alarm rates at given detection probabilities. In this paper, we present modeling equations that explain the phase features for ground areas both with and without buried landmines from the perspective of harmonic oscillator models. We also describe the image processing techniques applied to velocity data collected in the time domain with a moving LDV array. The observed signatures are also compared with the prediction of the models described. We also construct classifiers with only magnitude information and both magnitude and phase information for this time-domain data set. Classification results indicate that we can combine magnitude and phase features to improve the detection of buried mines while reducing false alarms. We also find that using phase information improves the distinction between ground regions with buried landmines or man-made clutter objects.

关键词： Land mines Acoustics Laser Doppler velocimetry Oscillators Mining Solids Detection and tracking algorithms image processing Data acquisition Doppler effect

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130 nm reticle inspection using multi-beam UV wavelength database inspection

130 nm reticle inspection using multi-beam UV wavelength dat...

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Conference on Photomask and Next-Generation Lithography Mask Technology ix

作者： Aquino, C Schlaffer, R KLA Tencor Corp RAPID Div San Jose CA 95134 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819445177

The TeraStar family of reticle inspection systems were introduced in 2000 with die-to-die and STARlight(TM) capability. These tools set the standard for high-resolution reticle inspection for the 130 nm design rule and below. The latest addition to the TeraStar family is the TeraStar SLF77, which extends the tool platform to include die-to-database inspection capability. Sensitivity for Chrome on Glass is 100 nm with much greater tolerance for inspecting aggressive OPC features such as serifs and assist lines. Many advanced reticles that are not Inspectable on previous generation inspection tools are all inspectable on the TeraStar SLF77. Data prep times and file structure have been significantly improved with the average prep time being less than 10% of the 365UV-HR and average output file size less than 25% of the GigaPrep. The TeraStar SLF77 incorporates all the features of the TeraStar family such as triple-beam optics and TeraPro HP High Productivity Modes with the ability to run STARlight inspections concurrently with either die-to-die or die-to-database pattern inspections. Advanced registration algorithms accommodate subtle plate and machine errors to provide high sensitivity with low false detections. Advanced image overlay inspects small lines and OPC features and is very independent of defect shape and location. The TeraStar SLF77 has removed the barriers that existed with previous generation database inspection tools and made advanced reticle die-to-database inspection cost effective. Last October, KLA-Tencor introduced the TeraStar SLF77 and the three beta sites have recently completed beta evaluation. Here we present the first results from the use of the TeraStar in a production environment triple beam die-to-database inspection system. We have also shipped more than ten systems to customers worldwide. This paper describes the implementation of productivity improvements at the beta sites, performance 011 130nm node customer product reticles, and KLA-Te

关键词： Inspection Reticles Databases image transmission Metals Calibration Optical proximity correction Data modeling image processing Zoom lenses

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Why restrict ourselves to compactly supported basis functions?

Why restrict ourselves to compactly supported basis function...

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Conference on Wavelets - Applications in Signal and image processing ix

作者： Unser, M Blu, T Swiss Fed Inst Technol Biomed Imaging Grp CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)0819441929

Compact support is undoubtedly one of the wavelet properties that is given the greatest weight both in theory and applications. It is usually believed to be essential for two main reasons : (1) to have fast numerical algorithms, and (2) to have good time or space localization properties. Here, we argue that this constraint is unnecessarily restrictive and that fast algorithms and good localization can also be achieved with non-compactly supported basis functions. By dropping the compact support requirement, one gains in flexibility. This opens up new perspectives such as fractional wavelets whose key parameters (order, regularity, etc...) are tunable in a continuous fashion. To make our point, we draw an analogy with the closely related task of image interpolation. This is an area where it was believed until very recently that interpolators should be designed to be compactly supported for best results. Today, there is compelling evidence that non-compactly supported interpolators (such as splines, and others) provide the best cost/performance tradeoff.

关键词： Wavelets Digital filtering image processing Transform theory Wavelet transforms Control systems image interpolation Biomedical optics Finite impulse response filters Object recognition

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