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International Conference on CAD systems in Microelectronics (CADSM)

作者： D. Sankowski V. Mosorov K. Strzecha T. Tyraiski Computer Engineering Department Academy of Humanities and Economics Lodz Poland Computer Engineering Department Technical University of Lodz Lodz Poland Computer Engineering Department Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz.ul. Lodz Poland

The measuring instruments for industrial applications must use robust noninvasive sensors which, if required, can operate in aggressive and fast moving fluids and multiphase mixtures. The choice of sensing system and a number of components to obtain information about the process in a pipeline is also presented. The required spatial resolution, speed and robustness are taken into account when selecting a sensor system. Various tomographic techniques for process applications are reviewed and image-reconstruction algorithms are identified. The results of the measured tomograms show the possibilities of the presented technique.

关键词： image analysis Tomography Spatial resolution image sensors Pixel Process control Phase measurement Reconstruction algorithms Hardware Signal processing

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Real-time airborne hyperspectral detection systems

Real-time airborne hyperspectral detection systems

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Conference on algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral imagery vi

作者： Koligman, M Copeland, A PAR Govt Syst Corp San Diego Technol Ctr La Jolla CA 92037 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819436755

PAR Government systems Corporation (PGSC) is currently supporting several successful government sponsored airborne hyperspectral programs. The goals of these programs include the demonstration of airborne multisensor systems that can successfully detect and image targets in real time. Targets are detected using imaging hyperspectral sensors in the visible, near IR and short wave IR bands. System capabilities include flight data collection, calibration and data compensation, bad pixel detection, real time processing including anomally detection, and post processing functions which include target identification. Detected target positions are also used to cue a high resolution camera system which provides images for offline analysis. Key features of these systems include a wide area hyperspectral sensor, high resolution EO/IR sensor, onboard detection, cueing and target recognition processing, and telemetry downlink selectable image data and target cues. The hardware systems for these programs include a variety of both custom built and COTS components. PC and SGI workstation based systems are networked together utilizing a variety of interface boards. The systems were integrated and supported by PAR Government systems Corporation, La Jolla, CA.

关键词： ASRP hyperspectral MSI HSI USI real-time processing target detection

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Advanced processing for high-bandwidth sensor systems

Advanced processing for high-bandwidth sensor systems

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Conference on Imaging Spectrometry vi

作者： Szymanski, JJ Blain, P Bloch, J Brislawn, C Brumby, S Caffrey, M Dunham, M Frigo, J Gokhale, M Harvey, N Kenyon, G Kim, W Layne, J Lavenier, D McCabe, K Mitchell, M Moore, K Perkins, S Porter, R Robinson, S Salazar, A Theiler, J Young, AC Los Alamos Natl Lab Los Alamos NM 87545 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819437778

Compute performance and algorithm design are key problems of image processing and scientific computing in general. For example, imaging spectrometers are capable of producing data in hundreds of spectral bands with millions of pixels. These data sets show great promise for remote sensing applications, but require new and computationally intensive processing. The goal of the Deployable Adaptive processing systems (DAPS) project at Los Alamos National Laboratory is to develop advanced processing hardware and algorithms for high-bandwidth sensor applications. The project has produced electronics for processing multi- and hyper-spectral sensor data, as well as LIDAR data, while employing processing elements using a variety of technologies. The project team is currently working on reconfigurable computing technology and advanced feature extraction techniques, with an emphasis on their application to image and RF signal processing. This paper presents reconfigurable computing technology and advanced feature extraction algorithm work and their application to multi- and hyperspectral image processing. Related projects on genetic algorithms as applied to image processing will be introduced, as will the collaboration between the DAPS project and the DARPA Adaptive Computing systems program. Further details are presented in other talks during this conference and in other conferences taking place during this symposium.

关键词： multispectral analysis hyperspectral analysis image processing reconfigurable computing remote sensing

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Multi-resolution FOPEN SAR image formation

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Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1999年 3721卷 170-188页

作者： DiPietro, Robert C. Fante, Ronald L. Perry, Richard P. Soumekh, Mehrdad Tromp, Laurens D. MITRE Corp Bedford United States

This paper presents a new technique for FOPEN SAR (foliage penetration synthetic aperture radar) image formation of Ultra Wideband UHF radar data. Planar Subarray processing (PSAP) has successfully demonstrated the capability of forming multi-resolution images for X and Ka band radar systems under MITRE IR&D and the DARPA IBC program (2). We have extended the PSAP algorithm to provide the capability to form strip map, multi-resolution images for Ultra Wideband UHF radar systems. The PSAP processing can accommodate very large SAR integration angles and the resulting very large range migration. It can also accommodate long coherent integration times and wide swath coverage. Major PSAP algorithm features include: multiple SAR sub-arrays providing different look angles at the same image area that can enable man-made target responses to be distinguished from other targets and clutter by their angle dependent specular characteristics, the capability to provide a full resolution image in these and other selected areas without the processing penalty of full resolution in non required areas, and the capability to include angle-dependent motion compensation within the image formation process.

关键词： Radar imaging

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Error tolerant interpolation of intermediate views for real-time applications

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Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1999年 3639卷 208-218页

作者： Lueck, Matthias Schroeder, Hartmut Univ of Dortmund Dortmund Germany

Many applications in three-dimensional imaging demand for the calculation of intermediate views. In this paper a system is proposed which consists of a predictive disparity estimation module and an interpolation module based on non-linear filter techniques. The predictive disparity estimation algorithm is of low computational costs and gives smooth and dense estimation results. Problems of block-based estimation algorithms in general are the edges of objects because occlusion occurs in this regions and the disparity maps are inaccurate. A postprocessing algorithm of low complexity avoids blocking artifacts, that are very annoying in the regions of disparity discontinuities. The interpolation is based on rank order filters called weighted median filters. By an appropriate choice of the weighted median filter root structures main picture elements are also interpolated correctly if faulty disparity vectors occur. With this technique it is possible to avoid interpolation artifacts, resulting from inaccuracies of disparity maps estimated by block based algorithms. In this paper the development of weighted median filters for multiview applications and the adaptation of the filters to the synthesized viewpoint are presented.

关键词： image processing

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MSTAR's extensible search engine and model-based inferencing toolkit

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Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1999年 3721卷 554-570页

作者： Wissinger, John Ristroph, Robert Diemunsch, Joseph Severson, William Freudenthal, Eric ALPHATECH Inc Burlington United States

The DARPA/AFRL `Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition' (MSTAR) program is developing a model-based vision approach to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Automatic Target Recognition (ATR). The motivation for this work is to develop a high performance ATR capability that can identify ground targets in highly unconstrained imaging scenarios that include variable image acquisition geometry, arbitrary target pose and configuration state, differences in target deployment situation, and strong intra-class variations. The MSTAR approach utilizes radar scattering models in an on-line hypothesize-and-test operation that compares predicted target signature statistics with features extracted from image data in an attempt to determine a `best fit' explanation of the observed image. Central to this processing paradigm is the Search algorithm, which provides intelligent control in selecting features to measure and hypotheses to test, as well as in making the decision about when to stop processing and report a specific target type or clutter. Intelligent management of computation performed by the Search module is a key enabler to scaling the model-based approach to the large hypothesis spaces typical of realistic ATK problems. In this paper, we describe the present state of design and implementation of the MSTAR Search engine, as it has matured over the last three years of the MSTAR program. The evolution has been driven by a continually expanding problem domain that now includes 30 target types, viewed under arbitrary squint/depression, with articulations, reconfigurations, revetments, variable background, and up to 30% blocking occlusion. We believe that the research directions that have been inspired by MSTAR's challenging problem domain are leading to broadly applicable search methodologies that are relevant to computer vision systems in many areas.

关键词： Pattern recognition systems

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Enhancement of viewer comfort in stereoscopic viewing: parallax adjustment

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Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1999年 3639卷 179-190页

作者： Konrad, Janusz Inst Natl de la Recherche Scientifique Verdun Canada

One of the major deficiencies of stereoscopic visualization, viewer discomfort, can be caused by the non-robustness of human perception (hyper-sensitivity to 3-D) or by excessive 3-D cues in the viewed images. In order to minimize this discomfort, the amount of parallax (or '3D-ness') within each stereo pair needs to be reduced. Similarly to the case of 'continuous look-around', parallax adjustment requires the knowledge of images from virtual cameras. In the case of parallel geometry, the virtual cameras are located on the line between the true cameras. Since in a general scenario no constraint should be posed on the complexity of the viewed scene, 3-D modeling techniques cannot be used. We evaluate the usefulness of parallax adjustment using two view reconstruction methods based on disparity-compensated linear interpolation: a quadtree method with block splitting adapted to object boundaries and a pixel based (dense) method. For all, but most complex, stereoscopic images tested (ITU-R 601 from CCETT and NHK) both algorithms performed very well, especially the pixel-based approach. In terms of the overall usefulness of parallax adjustment, the initial tests have shown a very favorable viewer response; the perceived depth was judged to vary smoothly from zero (one virtual camera) through natural 3-D (true cameras) to exaggerated 3-D (virtual cameras further apart than the true cameras - extrapolation). The adjustment was convincing although not completely free of distortions.

关键词： image processing

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Multi-resolution FOPEN SAR image formation

Multi-resolution FOPEN SAR image formation

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Proceedings of the 1999 algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery vi

作者： DiPietro, Robert C. Fante, Ronald L. Perry, Richard P. Soumekh, Mehrdad Tromp, Laurens D. MITRE Corp Bedford MA United States

关键词： Radar imaging

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Quadratic analysis of information measures for object recognition

Quadratic analysis of information measures for object recogn...

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Conference on algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery vi

作者： Cooper, M Srivastava, A Miller, M Washington Univ Ctr Imaging Sci St Louis MO 63130 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819431958

We have been studying information theoretic measures, entropy and mutual information, as performance metrics for object recognition given a standard suite of sensors. Our work has focused on performance analysis for the pose estimation of ground-based objects viewed remotely via a standard sensor suite. Target pose is described by a single angle of rotation using a Lie group parameterization: O is an element of SO(2), the group of 2 x 2 rotation matrices. Variability in the data due to the sensor by which the scene is observed is statistically characterized via the data likelihood function. Taking a Bayesian approach, the inference is based on the posterior density, constructed as the product of the data likelihood and the prior density for object pose. Given multiple observations of the scene, sensor fusion is automatic in the joint likelihood component of the posterior density. The Bayesian approach is consistent with the source-channel formulation of the object recognition problem, in which parameters describing the sources (objects) in the scene must be inferred from the output (observation) of the remote sensing channel. In this formulation, mutual information is a natural performance measure. In this paper we consider the asymptotic behavior of these information measures as the signal to noise ratio (SNR) tends to infinity. We focus on the posterior entropy of the object rotation angle conditioning on image data. We consider single and multiple sensor scenarios and present quadratic approximations to the posterior entropy. Our results indicate that for broad ranges of SNR, low dimensional posterior densities in object recognition estimation scenarios are accurately modeled asymptotically.

关键词： Sensors Object recognition Signal to noise ratio Solids video Forward looking infrared image processing Imaging systems Remote sensing Sensor fusion

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Signal characterization using scale transform pair

Signal characterization using scale transform pair

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IEEE-SP International Symposium on Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Analysis

作者： M. Izzetoglu T. Akgul N. Bilgutay B. Onaral Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Drexel University Philadelphia PA USA School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems Drexel University Philadelphia PA USA

We present the "direct inverse scale transform" which is the extension to the "direct scale transform" method originally proposed by Williams, Zalubas and Hero III (see Advanced Signal processing algorithms, Architectures and Implementations vi, SPIE, vol.2846, p.262-72, 1996). This scheme completes the calculation of analysis and synthesis equations for the scale transform pair which is suitable especially for non-integer values of dilation or compression of signals. Several examples of transformed and reconstructed synthetic and real 1-D and 2-D signals are included.

关键词： Transforms Sensor arrays Signal analysis Integral equations image reconstruction Speech analysis image coding Biomedical engineering Time domain analysis Application software

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