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NSF-supported undergraduate machine vision research activities

NSF-supported undergraduate machine vision research activiti...

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Conference on Machine Vision systems for Inspection and Metrology vii

作者： Miller, JWV Shridhar, M Univ Michigan Dearborn MI 48128 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819429821

For the past three summers, students at the University of Michigan-Dearborn have been participating in the development and testing of various aspects of machine vision systems with support from the National Science Foundation under the Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program. Much of the work has involved algorithm development since useful work can be performed with a fairly modest programming background. Benchmarking of various algorithms is a related activity that has seen much student participation. To a lesser extent, illumination and optics work has also been performed for the development of experimental setups and actual implementation of vision systems. Over the three-year duration of the program, a total of 34 students participated in these activities. While many of the participants were full-time students at the University of Michigan-Dearborn, others were from engineering colleges over a diverse geographical area. Summaries of a number of the projects is included here. It may be noted that the National Science Foundation has established the REU program to encourage more students to obtain advanced degrees in science and engineering and ultimately to pursue careers in research and development.

关键词： Machine vision Cameras Glasses image filtering image processing Algorithm development Computer programming Software development 3D modeling 3D scanning

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High resolution image reconstruction of digital video with non-global rigid body motion 7

High resolution image reconstruction of digital video with n...

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Visual Information processing vii

作者： Tuinstra, TR Hardie, RC Univ Dayton Dept Elect & Comp Engn Dayton OH 45469 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819428361

Many imaging systems utilize detector arrays that are not sufficiently dense to sample the scene according to the Nyquist criterion. As a result of this undersampling, some of the higher spatial frequencies admitted by the optics are aliased to lower frequency representations in the sampled image. This creates undesirable artifacts that decrease the utility of the imagery. Furthermore, the blurring effects of the optics and the finite detector size also degrade the image quality. Several approaches for obtaining a higher sampling rate have been suggested in the literature such as controlled and uncontrolled microscanning or from natural camera platform motion in order to up-sample the scene. Here we extend this work to include the possibility of non-global rigid body motion. In particular, we show that the motion of rigid objects within the scene is in many cases sufficient to allow the up-sampling of the object. We present a method that makes use of optical-flow-based motion segmentation techniques to isolate moving objects from the background in a sequence of digital images. These segmented objects from each frame provide a unique "look" or set of samples of the object, allowing us to perform a reconstruction of the object. This allows for high resolution image reconstruction of each segmented object independently. The experimental results presented illustrate the breakdown of global reconstruction algorithms in the presence of nonglobal rigid motion. We also present results using the proposed method that treats individual moving objects and background separately. The results include data from a visible CCD camera.

关键词： optical flow digital video processing electronic zooming image reconstruction high resolution motion segmentation

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Progressive image decoding based on the inverse discrete cosine transform

Progressive image decoding based on the inverse discrete cos...

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Conference on Advanced Signal processing - algorithms, Architectures, and Implementations vii

作者： Winograd, JM Nawab, SH Boston Univ. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819425842

A new architecture is presented for incremental computation of the two-dimensional inverse discrete cosine transform (2D-IDCT) in the context of progressive image decoding. This architecture offers advantages over existing DCT inversion techniques for systems used in conjunction with progressive image coding schemes or those that must operate in environments with severe and/or time-varying resource constraints (e.g. real-time and low-power systems). The use of a bit-serial distributed arithmetic approach comprised of parallel input-pruned 2D-IDCT processing elements enables low-quality image reconstructions to be quickly and efficiently obtained using only a subset of the DCT coefficient bit stream. Initial approximate reconstructions can be improved in subsequent stages of incremental refinement according to the availability of processing resources or DCT coefficient data. Analysis is presented of image degradation at successive stages, illustrating uniform improvement according to quantitative and perceptual criteria.

关键词： progressive image decoding discrete cosine transform incremental refinement approximate processing

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Multichannel image deconvolution by total variation regularization

Multichannel image deconvolution by total variation regulari...

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Conference on Advanced Signal processing - algorithms, Architectures, and Implementations vii

作者： Chan, TF Wong, CK Univ. of California/Los Angeles (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819425842

The total variational (TV) regularization method was first proposed in(14) for gray scale images and was extended in(1) for vector valued images. In this work, we apply the TV regularization method to solve the multichannel image deconvolution problem. The motivation for regularizing with the TV norm is that it is extremely effective for recovering edges of images. In this paper, a fast iterative method is developed to solve the deconvolution problem. Our method involves solving linear systems and the conjugate gradient method is applied in which Fourier transform type preconditioners are used to speed up the convergence rate. Numerical experiments will demonstrate the effectiveness of the TV regularization method. In this paper, we will present some preliminary results on multichannel blind deconvolution with TV regularization.

关键词： total variation multichannel image restoration intra and inter-channel degradation preconditioned conjugate gradient method

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Design and tuning of FPGA implementations of neural networks

Design and tuning of FPGA implementations of neural networks

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Conference on Automatic Target Recognition vii

作者： Clare, PJC Gulley, JW Hickman, D Smith, MI Central Research Labs. Ltd. (United Kingdom) Pilkington Optronics (United Kingdom)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424846

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms are applicable in a variety of roles for image processing in Infrared Search and Track (IRST) systems. Achieving a high throughput is a key objective in developing ANNs for processing large numbers of pixels at high frame rates. Previous work has investigated the use of a neural core supported by configurable logic to achieve a versatile technology applicable to a variety of systems. The implementation of Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) ANNs, using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology to ensure upgradability and reconfigurability, is the focus of this research. Approximations to the MLP algorithms are needed to ensure that a high throughput can be achieved with a sufficiently low gate count.

关键词： infrared search and track neural networks multi-layer perceptrons throughput gate count pixel processing field programmable gate array target detection target classification

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Theater targets plume edge extraction and hardbody aimpoint selection (U) using morphological image processing (U)

Theater targets plume edge extraction and hardbody aimpoint ...

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Conference on Automatic Target Recognition vii

作者： Paiva, CA Naval Surface Warfare Ctr. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424846

(U) Future successful ballistic missile booster intercepts will require advanced automatic target detection, tracking, classification and identification (ADTCI) image processing techniques. Two such techniques are presented in this classified SECRET paper using the Synthetic Scene Generator Model (SSGM) in combination with the Advanced systems (AVS) image processing package. Two challenging multispectral cases are treated: 1. missile hardbody occultation by the missile exhaust plume, and 2. variable plume/hardbody system (PHS) gradient intensities generated by missile tumbling due to exiting the sensible atmosphere. The target detection,(1,2) tracking and edge extraction methods selected for this study include morphological, open-close operations within decision-level fusion for the obscuration case and pixel-level fusion for variable edge intensities. Other investigators have approached this issue on similar image processing techniques.(3,4,5) The multispectral (2.69-2.95 um SWIR;4.17-4.2, 4.35-4.50 um MWIR;and 8.0-12.0 um LWIR) target/background imagery includes SWIR/MWIR boost phase track (with occlusion problem) and LWIR aimpoint selection (with tumbling problem). The two classified missile systems are: 1. a depressed-angle submarine launched ballistic missile (SLBM) and 2. a medium range ballistic missile (MRBM). The results indicate that for 6 degrees of freedom (6 DOF) hardbodies, ATDCI geometrical pattern reference libraries should be optimized to accommodate the extreme variable gradient geometries for tumbling midcourse targets. For boost-phase missile hardbody occultation by missile exhaust plumes, segmentation and feature extraction should be implemented in each bandpass before processing to the ATDCI classifier. This study demonstrates that although the plume/hardbody system edges were extracted, the geometry of the target edge often deviated from symmetry.

关键词： Missiles image processing Long wavelength infrared Mid-IR Short wave infrared radiation Target detection Feature extraction image fusion image segmentation Detection and tracking algorithms

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Synthetic aperture radar processing system for search and rescue

Synthetic aperture radar processing system for search and re...

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Automatic Target Recognition vii

作者： Huxtable, Barton D. Jackson, Christopher R. Mansfield, Arthur W. Rais, Houra User Systems Inc. Gambrills MD 21054 United States McDonnell Douglas Corporation Seabrook MD 20706 United States

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is uniquely suited to help solve the search and rescue problem since it can be utilized either day or night and through both dense fog or thick cloud cover. This paper describes the search and rescue data processing system (SARDPS) developed at Goddard Space Flight Center. SARDPS was developed for the Search and Rescue Mission Office in order to conduct research, development, and technology demonstration of SAR to quickly locate small aircraft which have crashed in remote areas. In order to effectively apply SAR to the detection of crashed aircraft several technical challenges needed to be overcome. These include full resolution SAR image formation using low frequency radar appropriate for foliage penetration, the application of autofocusing for SAR motion compensation in the processing system, and the development of sophisticated candidate crash site detection algorithms. In addition, the need to dispatch rescue teams to specific locations requires precise SAR image georectification and map registration techniques. The final end-to-end processing system allows for raw SAR phase history data to be quickly converted to georeferenced map/image products with candidate crash site locations identified. ©2004 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.

关键词： Synthetic aperture radar

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Eye-position tracking stereoscopic display using image shifting optics

Eye-position tracking stereoscopic display using image shift...

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Conference on Stereoscopic Displays and Applications vii/Complementary Conference - The Engineering Reality of Virtual Reality 1996

作者： Imai, H Imai, M Ogura, Y Kubota, K NEC CORP LTD OPTOELECTR RES LABSMIYAMAE KUKAWASAKIKANAGAWA 216JAPAN

ISBN: (纸本)0819420271

We have developed an eye-position tracking stereoscopic projector which employs image shifting optics. The display allows 3D images to be viewed without special glasses from any position along a lateral axis. Its image shifting device contains a plane parallel glass plate and is installed in a liquid crystal projector. Refraction produced by inclination of the glass plate shifts the optical axis of the projected image. Since the only moving part in the optics is the lightweight glass plate, the response of the image shifting device is both fast and precise enough for interactive 3D-CAD and virtual reality applications. To improve the system's interactive response, we have widened the stereoscopic viewing area by adding a device which causes the image to vibrate laterally. Also we use a new tracking algorithm which reduces the tracking error that would ordinarily be created by delay time. Experimental results confirm the success of these improvements.

关键词： Glasses Detection and tracking algorithms Projection systems Eye Liquid crystals Stereoscopic displays Virtual reality 3D displays Magnetic sensors 3D image processing

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ANATOMY BASED MULTIMODAL MEDICAL image REGISTRATION FOR COMPUTER-INTEGRATED SURGERY 7

ANATOMY BASED MULTIMODAL MEDICAL IMAGE REGISTRATION FOR COMP...

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Sensor Fusion vii Conference

作者： HAMADEH, A CINQUIN, P SZELISKI, R LAVALLEE, S FAC MED GRENOBLE TIMCIMAGF-38700 LA TRONCHEFRANCE

ISBN: (纸本)0819416908

In Computer Assisted Surgery, the registration between pre-operative images, intra-operative images, anatomical models and guiding systems such as robots is a crucial step. This paper presents the methodology and the algorithms that we have developed to address the problem of rigid-body registration in this context. Our technique has been validated for many clinical cases where we had to register 3D anatomical surfaces with various sensory data. These sensory data can have 3D representation (3D images, range images, digitized 3D points, 2.5D ultrasound data) or they can be 2D projections (X-ray images, video images). This paper presents an overview of the results we have obtained.

关键词： image registration image segmentation 3D modeling 3D image processing Sensors Surgery image fusion Ultrasonography X-rays X-ray imaging

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image segmentation using the morphological pyramid

Image segmentation using the morphological pyramid

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Applications of Artificial Intelligence vii 1989

作者： Lee, Changkyu Haralick, Robert M. Phillips, Tsaiyun Intelligent Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington United States Department of Computer Science Seattle University United States

Mathematical morphology, "algebra of shape", is used in many image processing applications including machine vision recognition, visually guided robot vision systems, biomedical image processing, and low-level vision problems. The fact that mathematical morphology deals with shape characteristics of an image makes it a tool for object recognition, defect detection, and feature extraction. The analogy between the morphological operations for shape and the convolution operations for signals suggests the dominance of mathematical morphology in the image processing applications related to shape, especially in machine vision.

关键词： image segmentation Signal to noise ratio image processing image processing algorithms and systems Evolutionary algorithms Artificial intelligence Mathematical morphology image filtering Linear filtering Signal processing

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