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JOURNAL OF SIGNAL processing systems FOR SIGNAL image AND VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2016年第2期85卷 249-261页

作者： Tseng, Chao-Feng Lai, Yen-Tai Natl Cheng Kung Univ Dept Elect Engn Tainan Taiwan

JPEG XR is a new standard for still image compression. Compared to previous standards, it provides better compression at the expense of higher computation complexity. Because of data dependency between operations in the photo core transform (PCT) and the photo overlap transform (POT), the performance of the system is limited. This article presents new POT and PCT algorithms that can be executed independently and in parallel hence. Accordingly, a pipelined JPEG XR architecture is designed to speed up the operations. The implemented prototype achieves approximately one pixel per cycle throughput and is capable of processing 199.4 million pixels at 200 MHz.

关键词： JPEG XR HD photo High throughput image compression

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A quantum mechanics-based algorithm for vessel segmentation in retinal images

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QUANTUM INFORMATION processing 2016年第6期15卷 2303-2323页

作者： Youssry, Akram El-Rafei, Ahmed Elramly, Salwa Ain Shams Univ Fac Engn Elect & Commun Engn Dept Cairo Egypt Ain Shams Univ Fac Engn Engn Phys & Math Dept Cairo Egypt

Blood vessel segmentation is an important step in retinal image analysis. It is one of the steps required for computer-aided detection of ophthalmic diseases. In this paper, a novel quantum mechanics-based algorithm for retinal vessel segmentation is presented. The algorithm consists of three major steps. The first step is the preprocessing of the images to prepare the images for further processing. The second step is feature extraction where a set of four features is generated at each image pixel. These features are then combined using a nonlinear transformation for dimensionality reduction. The final step is applying a recently proposed quantum mechanics-based framework for image processing. In this step, pixels are mapped to quantum systems that are allowed to evolve from an initial state to a final state governed by Schrodinger's equation. The evolution is controlled by the Hamiltonian operator which is a function of the extracted features at each pixel. A measurement step is consequently performed to determine whether the pixel belongs to vessel or non-vessel classes. Many functional forms of the Hamiltonian are proposed, and the best performing form was selected. The algorithm is tested on the publicly available DRIVE database. The average results for sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy are 80.29, 97.34, and 95.83 %, respectively. These results are compared to some recently published techniques showing the superior performance of the proposed method. Finally, the implementation of the algorithm on a quantum computer and the challenges facing this implementation are introduced.

关键词： Quantum-inspired algorithms Blood vessel segmentation Biomedical signal and image processing Retinal image analysis

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image fusion method for a single sensor based multispectral filter array containing a near infra-red channel 14

Image fusion method for a single sensor based multispectral ...

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image processing: algorithms and systems xiv 2016

作者： Hoon Jee, Seung Gi Kang, Moon City Yonsei University 134 Shinchon-Dong Seodaemun-Gu Seoul Korea Republic of

This paper proposes an image fusion method for a single sensor based RGB+NIR (near infrared) MFA (multi-spectral filter array) sensor system. Unlike conventional color filter arrays, Bayer patterns, MFA sensors can receive not only visible band information but also NIR band information by using a single sensor system, which does not need to be registered. The main reasons for using MFA sensors are to increase object discrimination in the target images and improve the brightness of visible band images in extremely low light conditions by using NIR bands. As described in this paper, the fusion method consists of resolution fusion and color fusion, both of which are based on the texture decomposition method. In the experimental results, we compared the visible band, which is the input image for the fusion method, and fused the output image with the NIR band. Fusion results showed higher object discrimination and produced less noise than input visible images. © 2016 Society for Imaging Science and Technology.

关键词： Infrared devices

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FPGA-DSP co-processing for feature tracking in smart video sensors

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JOURNAL OF REAL-TIME image processing 2016年第4期11卷 751-767页

作者： Tomasi, Matteo Pundlik, Shrinivas Luo, Gang Harvard Univ Sch Med Massachusetts Eye & Ear Schepens Eye Res Inst 20 Staniford St Boston MA 02114 USA

Motion estimation in videos is a computationally intensive process. A popular strategy for dealing with such a high processing load is to accelerate algorithms with dedicated hardware such as graphic processor units (GPU), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), and digital signal processors (DSP). Previous approaches addressed the problem using accelerators together with a general purpose processor, such as acorn RISC machines (ARM). In this work, we present a co-processing architecture using FPGA and DSP. A portable platform for motion estimation based on sparse feature point detection and tracking is developed for real-time embedded systems and smart video sensors applications. A Harris corner detection IP core is designed with a customized fine grain pipeline on a Virtex-4 FPGA. The detected feature points are then tracked using the Lucas-Kanade algorithm in a DSP that acts as a co-processor for the FPGA. The hybrid system offers a throughput of 160 frames per second (fps) for VGA image resolution. We have also tested the benefits of our proposed solution (FPGA + DSP) in comparison with two other traditional architectures and co-processing strategies: hybrid ARM + DSP and DSP only. The proposed FPGA + DSP system offers a speedup of about 20 times and 3 times over ARM + DSP and DSP only configurations, respectively. A comparison of the Harris feature detection algorithm performance between different embedded processors (DSP, ARM, and FPGA) reveals that the DSP offers the best performance when scaling up from QVGA to VGA resolutions.

关键词： Feature tracking Embedded systems FPGA DSP Real-time processing Co-processing

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The Semi-Variogram and Spectral Distortion Measures for image Texture Retrieval

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON image processing 2016年第4期25卷 1556-1565页

作者： Pham, Tuan D. Linkoping Univ Dept Biomed Engn S-58183 Linkoping Sweden

Semi-variogram estimators and distortion measures of signal spectra are utilized in this paper for image texture retrieval. On the use of the complete Brodatz database, most high retrieval rates are reportedly based on multiple features and the combinations of multiple algorithms, while the classification using single features is still a challenge to the retrieval of diverse texture images. The semi-variogram, which is theoretically sound and the cornerstone of spatial statistics, has the characteristics shared between true randomness and complete determinism and, therefore, can be used as a useful tool for both the structural and statistical analysis of texture images. Meanwhile, spectral distortion measures derived from the theory of linear predictive coding provide a rigorously mathematical model for signal-based similarity matching and have been proven useful for many practical pattern classification systems. Experimental results obtained from testing the proposed approach using the complete Brodatz database, and the the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign texture database suggests the effectiveness of the proposed approach as a single-feature-based dissimilarity measure for real-time texture retrieval.

关键词： Texture analysis image retrieval geostatistics semi-variogram linear predictive coding spectral distortion measures

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Algorithm and VLSI Architecture of Edge-Directed image Upscaling for 4k Display System

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND systems FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2016年第9期26卷 1758-1771页

作者： Chen, Qiubo Sun, Hongbin Zhang, Xuchong Tao, Huibin Yang, Jie Zhao, Jizhong Zheng, Nanning Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Inst Artificial Intelligence & Robot Xian 710049 Peoples R China

High-quality and cost-efficient image upscaling design is very important for many real-time video processing applications, especially when the display panel resolution reaches ultrahigh definition. Compared with New Edge-Directed Interpolation (NEDI) based implicit edge directional upscaling, explicit methods require less computational resource and more easily reach real-time performance, especially when the required image definition and upscaling ratio are very high. Nevertheless, the investigation of applications of explicit methods in video processing systems remains largely missing arguably because it is commonly believed that explicit edge-directed interpolation tends to introduce unexpected artifacts because of inaccurate detection and hence its image quality is relatively poor. This paper proposes an explicit edge-directed adaptive interpolation method that leverages more sophisticated edge detection and orientation estimation algorithms to avoid misinterpolation, thereby providing similar or even better image quality than those with implicit methods. Targeting the real-time 4K video display system, the proposed edge-directed image upscaling algorithm is further implemented with an efficient very-large-scale integration (VLSI) architecture. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed interpolation algorithm outperforms previous explicit and implicit edge-directed methods in both objective and subjective tests. The presented VLSI implementation further demonstrates that the maximum output video sequence of the proposed interpolation method can reach 4k x 2k@60 Hz with a reasonable hardware cost.

关键词： Adaptive interpolation image upscaling real time very-large-scale integration (VLSI) architecture

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Identifying and classifying cancerous cells based on the Ki67 detector 2

Identifying and classifying cancerous cells based on the Ki6...

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2nd International Conference on image processing, Applications and systems (IPAS)

作者： Seddik, Hassen Saidani, Bechir Univ Tunis ENSIT Tunis Tunisia

ISBN: (纸本)9781509016457

The image processing arose from the idea of the necessity to replace the human observer by a machine. The interest of this paper is to replace the medical image by information interpretable. Usually, experts have manually performed to count the cell nuclei biopsy samples, one by one. This method ensures that accuracy is achieved in the final diagnosis delivered by pathologists, but the time until the patient is notified can vary from weeks to months depending on the laboratory resources. Cancer developing speed is also a limiting factor, so the sooner the disease is discovered the better and quicker the patient can start with the treatment or preparations for surgery can be arranged. Promptness in cancer recognition increases the chances to overcome this illness that affects every year more and more men as the world population's life expectancy increases. So, for this reason, it has proposed an automatic method. To return the more reliable and fast diagnosis, we applied a method based on tools and algorithms. The chain of this processing is begun with the segmentation to separate the various constituent zones the image. Secondly, we have the step of detecting the edges of the prostatic cells as well their center. Finally, we have the step of counting where we are going to find a score for the diagnosis.

关键词： image processing segmentation detection of cells cancer counting of cells

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A Fast Fault-Tolerant Architecture for Sauvola Local image Thresholding Algorithm Using Stochastic Computing

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) systems 2016年第2期24卷 808-812页

作者： Najafi, M. Hassan Salehi, Mostafa E. Univ Tehran Sch Elect & Comp Engn Tehran 14395515 Iran Inst Res Fundamental Sci IPM Sch Comp Sci Tehran 193955746 Iran

Binarization plays an important role in document image processing, particularly in degraded document images. Among all local image thresholding algorithms, Sauvola has excellent binarization performance for degraded document images. However, this algorithm is computationally intensive and sensitive to the noises from the internal computational circuits. In this paper, we present a stochastic implementation of Sauvola algorithm. Our experimental results show that the stochastic implementation of Sauvola needs much less time and area and can tolerate more faults, while consuming less power in comparison with its conventional implementation.

关键词： Fault-tolerant computing image binarization Sauvola image thresholding stochastic computing (SC)

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Comparison of Turbulence Mitigation algorithms

Comparison of Turbulence Mitigation Algorithms

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Conference on Long-Range Imaging

作者： Kozacik, Stephen Paolini, Aaron Bonnett, James Kelmelis, Eric EM Photon 51 East Main StSuite 203 Newark DE 19711 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510600874

When capturing image data over long distances (0.5 km and above), images are often degraded by atmospheric turbulence, especially when imaging paths are close to the ground or in hot environments. These issues manifest as time-varying scintillation and warping effects that decrease the effective resolution of the sensor and reduce actionable intelligence. In recent years, several image processing approaches to turbulence mitigation have shown promise. Each of these algorithms have different computational requirements, usability demands, and degrees of independence from camera sensors. They also produce different degrees of enhancement when applied to turbulent imagery. Additionally, some of these algorithms are applicable to real-time operational scenarios while others may only be suitable for post-processing workflows. EM Photonics has been developing image-processing-based turbulence mitigation technology since 2005 as a part of our ATCOM [1] image processing suite. In this paper we will compare techniques from the literature with our commercially-available real-time GPU accelerated turbulence mitigation software suite, as well as in-house research algorithms. These comparisons will be made using real, experimentally-obtained data for a variety of different conditions, including varying optical hardware, imaging range, subjects, and turbulence conditions. Comparison metrics will include image quality, video latency, computational complexity, and potential for real-time operation.

关键词： image fusion Turbulence Reconstruction algorithms Speckle Deconvolution image processing Cameras Imaging systems image quality Photonics

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HDR tonal mapping algorithm for mobile devices

HDR tonal mapping algorithm for mobile devices

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20th IEEE Conference on Signal processing - algorithms, Architectures, Arrangements, and Applications (SPA)

作者： Konieczka, Adam Piniarski, Karol Balcerek, Julian Poznan Univ Tech Chair Control & Syst Engn Div Signal Proc & Elect Syst Poznan Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9788362065271

In this paper the application for generation of HDR image based on two consecutive images (underexposed and overexposed) for Android mobile operating system is presented. The implemented software preserves a lot of image details and maintains a low execution time. These features are particularly important for pictures taken using mobile devices in emergency situations. Such photos may constitute evidence that a threat occurred, was properly recognized, or someone committed a crime. HDR images can be also used in mobile systems for supporting pedestrians or drivers. Obtained results indicate on a high effectiveness of the presented solution.

关键词： HDR tonal mapping mobile device image processing threat recognition

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