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Implementing advanced image processing technology in sensor systems for security and surveillance - art. no. 67410W

Implementing advanced image processing technology in sensor ...

引用

Conference on Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism and Crime Fighting iii

作者： Riley, Tom Bernhardt, Mark Cowell, Catherine Hickman, Duncan Smith, Moira Waterfall Solut Ltd Guildford GU2 9JX Surrey England

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468994

The range and scope of electro-optical (EO) sensor systems within security and surveillance (S&S) is growing, and this places a corresponding demand on the image processing functionality required to meet end users' requirements. Increasingly, these requirements include the ability to monitor wide areas with multiple affordable cameras, and for good quality imagery to be available 24-hours a day. This paper presents the results from some real-time systems which offer this capability, and focuses on a number of the image processing techniques used to deliver a high-quality, wide-angle, day/night capability. These include the production of a seamless image mosaic from multiple sensors, the removal of artefacts from scenes, enhancements to-take account of changing environmental conditions, and a means of allowing the system to automatically focus on an area of interest highlighted by an operator. In addition, the cost of some high-performance S&S systems may be reduced by omitting physical calibration elements and performing sensor calibration using scene-derived data instead, and so a method for achieving this is also reported. The paper considers both the theoretical aspects of the algorithms presented and the issues involved-in real-time implementation for S&S applications.

关键词： Sensors Image processing Image sensors imaging systems Cameras Image enhancement Nonuniformity corrections Surveillance Detection and tracking algorithms Light sources and illumination

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An advanced image fusion algorithm based on wavelet transform - Incorporation with PCA and morphological processing

An advanced image fusion algorithm based on wavelet transfor...

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Conference on Image processing - algorithms and systems iii

作者： Zheng, Y Essock, EA Hansen, BC Univ Louisville Dept Psychol & Brain Sci Louisville KY 40292 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819452017

There are numerous applications for image fusion, some of which include medical imaging, remote sensing, nighttime operations and multi-spectral imaging. In general, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and various pyramids (such as Laplacian, ratio. contrast, gradient and morphological pyramids) are the most common and effective methods. For quantitative evaluation of the quality of fused imagery, the root mean square error (RMSE) is the most suitable measure of quality if there is a "ground truth" image available;otherwise, the entropy, spatial frequency or image quality index of the input images and the fused images can be calculated and compared. Here, after analyzing the pyramids' performance with the four measures mentioned, an advanced wavelet transform (aDWT) method that incorporates principal component analysis (PCA) and morphological processing into a regular DWT fusion algorithm is presented. Specifically, at each scale of the wavelet transformed images, a principle vector was derived from two input images and then applied to two of the images' approximation coefficients (i.e., they were fused by using the principal eigenvector). For the detail coefficients (i.e., three quarters of the coefficients), the larger absolute values were chosen and subjected to a neighborhood morphological processing procedure which served to verify the selected pixels by using a "filling" and "cleaning" operation (this operation filled or removed isolated pixels in a 3-by-3 local region). The fusion performance of the advanced DWT (aDWT) method proposed here was compared with six other common methods, and. based on the four quantitative measures, was found to perform the best when tested on the four input image types. Since the different image sources used here varied with respect to intensity, contrast, noise, and intrinsic characteristics, the aDWT is a promising image fusion procedure for inhomogeneous imagery.

关键词： image fusion image pyramid wavelet transform (DWT) principal component analysis (PCA) morphological processing

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Design and performance of the civil air patrol ARCHER hyperspectral processing system

Design and performance of the civil air patrol ARCHER hypers...

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Conference on algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XI

作者： Stevenson, B O'Connor, R Kendall, W Stocker, A Schaff, W Alexa, D Salvador, J Eismann, M Barnard, K Kershenstein, J Space Computer Corp. (United States) Civil Air Patrol (United States) Air Force Research Lab. (United States) Naval Research Lab. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819457914

The Civil Air Patrol (CAP) is procuring Airborne Real-time Cueing Hyperspectral Enhanced Reconnaissance (ARCHER) systems to increase their search-and-rescue mission capability. These systems are being installed on a fleet of Gippsland GA-8 aircraft, and will position CAP to gain real-world mission experience with the application of hyperspectral sensor and processing technology to search and rescue. The ARCHER system design, data processing, and operational concept leverage several years of investment in hyperspectral technology research and airborne system demonstration programs by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). Each ARCHER system consists of a NovaSol-designed, pushbroom, visible/near-infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) sensor, a co-boresighted visible panchromatic high-resolution imaging (HRI) sensor, and a CMIGITS-iii GPS/INS unit in an integrated sensor assembly mounted inside the GA8 cabin. ARCHER incorporates an on-board data processing system developed by Space Computer Corporation (SCC) to perform numerous real-time processing functions including data acquisition and recording, raw data correction, target detection, cueing and chipping, precision image geo-registration, and display and dissemination of image products and target cue information. A ground processing station is provided for post-flight data playback and analysis. This paper describes the requirements and architecture of the ARCHER system, with emphasis on data processor design, components, software, interfaces, and displays. Key sensor performance characteristics and real-time data processing features are discussed. The use of the system for detecting and geo-locating ground targets in real-time is demonstrated using test data collected in Southern California in the fall of 2004.

关键词： Sensors Target detection Image processing Cameras Data processing Image sensors imaging systems Data acquisition Detection and tracking algorithms Hyperspectral imaging

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Inverse Optics iii

Inverse Optics III

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Inverse Optics iii

This conference proceedings contain 25 papers. Topics covered include: Theoretical and analytical investigations of the inverse imaging problems;Mathematical techniques and algorithms with respect to electromagnetic w... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)0819415456

关键词： Inverse problems

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Very low cost real time histogram based contrast enhancer utilizing fixed-point DSP processing

Very low cost real time histogram based contrast enhancer ut...

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Conference on Real-Time imaging iii

作者： McCaffrey, NJ Pantuso, FS Sarnoff Corp Imaging Syst Lab Princeton NJ 08540 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819427438

A real time contrast enhancement system utilizing histogram-based algorithms has been developed to operate on standard composite video signals. This low-cost DSP based system is designed with mixed-point algorithms and an off-chip look up table (LUT) to reduce the cost considerably over other contemporary approaches. This paper describes several real-time contrast enhancing systems advanced at the Sarnoff Corporation for high-speed visible and infrared cameras. The fixed-point enhancer was derived from these high performance cameras. The enhancer digitizes analog video and spatially subsamples the stream to qualify the scene's luminance. Simultaneously, the video is streamed through a LUT that has been programmed with the previous calculation. Reducing division operations by subsampling reduces calculation cycles and also allows the processor to be used with cameras of nominal resolutions, All values are written to the LUT during blanking so no frames are lost The enhancer measures 13cm x 6.4cm x 3.2cm, operates off 9VAC and consumes 12W. This processor is small and inexpensive enough to be mounted with field deployed security cameras and can be used for surveillance, video forensics and real-time medical, imaging.

关键词： histogram equalization contrast enhancement medical imaging surveillance video forensics DSP

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Minimal-memory bit vector architecture for computational mathematical morphology

Minimal-memory bit vector architecture for computational mat...

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Conference on Image processing - algorithms and systems iii

作者： Handley, JC Xerox Corp Webster NY 14580 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819452017

Computational mathematical morphology (CMM) is a nonlinear filter representation particularly amenable to real-time image processing. In the state of the art implementation each pixel value in a windowed observation is indexed into a separate lookup table to retrieve a set of bit vectors. Each bit in the vector corresponds to a basis element in the CMM filter representation. All retrieved bit vectors are "anded" together to produce a bit vector with a unique nonzero bit. The position of that bit corresponds to a basis element containing the observation and it used to look up a filter value in a table. The number of stored bit vectors is a linear function of the image or signal bit depth. We present an architecture for CMM implementation that uses a minimal number of bit vectors and required memory is less sensitive to bit depth. In the proposed architecture, basis elements are projected to subspaces and only bit vectors unique to each subspace are stored. With the addition of an intermediate lookup table to map observations to unique bit vectors, filter memory. is greatly reduced. Simulations show that the architecture provides an advantage for random tessellations of the observation space. A 50% memory savings is shown for a practical application to digital darkness control in electronic printing.

关键词： imape processing hardware electronic printing lattice operators increasing operators nonlinear filters digital darkness control

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Advanced navigation tools for virtual bronchoscopy

Advanced navigation tools for virtual bronchoscopy

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Conference on Image processing - algorithms and systems iii

作者： Perchet, D Fetita, C Prêteux, F GET INT ARTEMIS Project Unit F-91011 Evry France

ISBN: (纸本)0819452017

In the framework of computer-aided diagnosis, pulmonary airway investigation based on multi-detector computerized tomography (MDCT) requires the development of specific tools for data interaction and analysis. The 3D segmentation of the bronchial tree provides radiologists with appropriate examination modalities such as CT bronchography, for a global analysis, or virtual endoscopy, for a local endoluminal diagnosis. Focusing on the latter modality, this paper proposes a set of advanced navigation and investigation tools based on the automatic extraction of the central axis (CA) of the 3D segmented airways. In the case of complex branching structures, Such as the bronchial tree, the automatic CA computation is a challenging problem raising several difficulties related to geometry and topology preservation. In this respect, an original approach is presented, combining 3D distance map information and geodesic front propagation in order to accurately detect branching points and to preserve the original 3D topology of the airways, irrespective to both caliber variability with the bronchial order and to bronchial wall irregularities. The CA information is represented as a multi-valued and hierarchic tree structure, making possible automatic trajectory Computation between two given points, bronchial caliber estimation in the plane orthogonal to the bronchus axis at a given location, branch indexation, and so on. These applications are Illustrated on clinical data including both normal and pathological airway morphologies.

关键词： Image segmentation Bronchoscopy 3D acquisition Computed tomography Distortion Algorithm development Cameras 3D image processing Reconstruction algorithms Endoscopy

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Accelerating adaptive ultrasound imaging algorithms by means of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units

Accelerating adaptive ultrasound imaging algorithms by means...

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作者： Jon Petter Helgesen Asen Norwegian University of Science and Technology

学位级别：博士

A rapid development in computer game technology and accompanying programming languages have recently provided researchers with small personal supercomputers, comprised in a single graphics processing unit (GPU). This immense rise in computational capabilities and improved programmability are currently changing how ultrasound imaging systems are designed. When researchers are exploring new algorithms for ultrasound imaging, it is therefore important to keep the architecture of parallel accelerators like the GPU in mind. If a new complex algorithm is supposed to run in real time, it needs to fit the programmable and parallel pipeline of modern ultrasound scanners. The aim of this study has been to investigate the possibility of utilizing GPUs for advanced processing in an ultrasound imaging system. Among the investigated problems are both adaptive beamforming, adaptive visualization of ultrasound volumes, and ultrasound simulations. The presented problems have in common that they require parallel programming in order to reach real-time processing. In the first part of the thesis, the Capon adaptive beamformer is investigated and implemented on a GPU for the application of real-time sonar (Paper I) and medical ultrasound imaging (Paper II). Real-time frame rates are achieved for both modalities. Paper II also presents, for the first time, videos where the Capon beamformer has been applied on loops of simulated and in vivo medical ultrasound images. In Paper iii, we show that Capon beamforming does not provide shift- invariant imaging in a real-time imaging setting. A method is then proposed that improves the shift-invariant property. Shift-invariant imaging is essential if the method is ever to be used in practice. In paper Paper IV we propose an adaptive method for visualization of volumetric cardiac ultrasound images. The method is capable of removing noise that by conventional methods would have occluded cardiac tissue. This work also shows that with modern GPUs it

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Signal processing for Sparse Discrete Time systems

Signal Processing for Sparse Discrete Time Systems

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作者： Taheri, Omid University of Alberta (Canada)

学位级别：Ph.D.

In recent years compressive sampling (CS) has appeared in the signal processing literature as a legitimate contender for processing of sparse signals. Natural signals such as speech, image and video are compressible. In most signal processing systems dealing with these signals the signal is first sampled and later on compressed. The philosophy of CS however is to sample and compress the signal at the same time. CS is finding applications in a wide variety of areas including medical imaging, seismology, cognitive radio, and channel estimation among others. Although CS has been given a great deal of attention in the past few years the theory is still naive and its fullest potential is still to be proven. The research in CS covers a wide span from theory of sampling and recovery algorithms to sampling device design to sparse CS-based signal processing applications. The contributions of this thesis are as follows; (i) The analog-to-information converter (AIC) is the device that is designed to collect compressed samples. It is a replacement for the analog-to-digital converter in a traditional signal processing system. We propose a modified structure for the AIC which leads to reducing the complexity of the current design without sacrificing the recovery performance. (ii) Traditional parameter estimation algorithms such as least mean square (LMS) do not assume any structural information about the system. Motivated by the ideas from CS we introduce a number of modified LMS algorithms for the sparse channel estimation problem. Decimated LMS algorithms for the special case of frequency sparse channels are also given. (iii) At last we consider the problem of CS of two dimensional signals. The most straightforward approach is to first find the vector form of a two dimensional signal and then use traditional CS methods to collect the compressed samples. However, our approach samples all the columns of a two dimensional signal with the same measurement matrix. This leads to simp

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Background filters for Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX): Spirit iii theater midcourse scenarios and their impact to object detection and estimation performance

Background filters for Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX): Spi...

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Signal processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition IV

作者： Giles, Kevin H. King, Jeffery L. Prestwood, William T. Keeney, Tom L. Teledyne Brown Engineering Harvest AL USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819418374

This paper discusses post-flight ground processing algorithms for removal of background in the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) Spatial Infrared imaging Telescope (SPIRIT iii) scanning infrared radiometer data. The algorithms presented are linear and non-liner techniques for estimation and subtraction of expected backgrounds for theater missile defense scenarios. The impacts to object detection and amplitude estimation are addressed for each background filter as a part of the filter trade studies. This effort is funded under the MSX Theater and Midcourse Cooperative Target Experiments task on the systems Engineering and Technical Assistance Contract with the U.S. Army Space and Strategic Defense Command.

关键词： algorithms

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