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Conference on Nondestructive Detection and Measurement for Homeland Security iii

作者： Murzina, MVA Farrell, JP Aktsipetrov, OA Murzina, TV Brookhaven Technol Grp E Setauket NY 11733 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819457507

Nano-coatings with adjustable optical features is one of the revolutionary technologies of today. In this work, we investigate how hyperspectral imaging can detect adjustable nano-surfaces used, for example, for active camouflage. The distinct attributes of the nano-coating spectra are discussed. Fast algorithms of utilizing hyperspectral information for recognizing these attributes are suggested. The research applies to both recognizing the camouflaged objects and to building unrecognizable camouflage technology. In the context of tracking active camouflage, the identification of characteristic spectral attributes is especially important. Active spectra can constantly change, therefore confusing traditional hyperspectral classification. In contrast, the identified general spectral attributes stay the same allowing for robust identification and reliable tracking of the camouflaged objects.

关键词： autonomous measurements and monitoring hyperspectral imaging nanoparticles photonic crystals liquid crystals active camouflage active materials advanced sensor technologies real-time processing FPGAs and ASICs

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Compression of Medical Sensor Data

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IEEE SIGNAL processing MAGAZINE 2010年第4期27卷 125-130页

作者： Wegener, Al The founder and CTO of Samplify Systems.

Over the course of the last 20 years, compression has evolved from a somewhat esoteric domain of mathematics and computer science into a ubiquitous consumer electronics technology. Combined with steadily decreasing complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) silicon costs and increasing broadband Internet availability, compression algorithms for audio and video signals, such as Joint Photographer's Expert Group (JPEG), Moving Pictures Expert Group (MPEG), MPEG audio layer iii (MP3), advanced audio coding (AAC), and H.264, have enabled the development of new consumer product categories such as digital cameras, digital audio players, digital versatile disc (DVD) players, high-definition television, and Internet videoconferencing. Without the 4x-32x decrease in effective bit rates that compression (and Moore's law) unlocked, these popular products would not be cost-effective and thus would not have reached consumer electronics penetration levels.

关键词： Digital signal processing Image coding Biomedical imaging Image sensors Image storage Sensor phenomena and characterization Costs Consumer electronics Data acquisition Image reconstruction

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AUTOMATIC TARGET DETECTION IN INFRARED SEQUENCES THROUGH SEMANTIC LABELING

AUTOMATIC TARGET DETECTION IN INFRARED SEQUENCES THROUGH SEM...

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CONF ON APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE processing 13

作者： LAVAGETTO, F Univ. di Genova (Italy)

ISBN: (纸本)0819404101

An innovative algorithm is presented for the automatic detection of spot targets in infrared terrain image sequences. The algorithm is designed to successfully perform target detection also in presence of deceitful hot background structures such as rocks and sand representing the hottest regions of the scene. The original contribution is represented by the thermal model adopted for the infrared scene and which drives the intraframe processing by iteratively applying three processing steps: i) thresholding ii) clustering iii) semantic labeling. The aim of the intraframe segmentation module is first to detect well contrasted targets and then verify the presence of less contrasted ones on the hypothesis that they all belong to the same formation. At each iteration within the intraframe analysis the thermal threshold is lowered and the hot part of the scene is processed to look for the presence of targets. By theans of different clustering procedures the hot part of the scene is partitioned into a set of connected objects each characterized by a feature vector consisting of area peak thermal value and centroid coordinates. The objects which correspond to the target model are marked as potential targets. If they have been already detected during the previous iterations without sensible changes in the descriptive parameters they are labeled as " confirmed" targets. If on the contrary the area has significantly increased they are labeled as " expanded" targets. If a

关键词： Target detection Image segmentation Image processing Detection and tracking algorithms Infrared radiation Digital image processing Image processing algorithms and systems Target recognition Infrared detectors Infrared imaging

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Cross sensor 3D face recognition performance

Cross sensor 3D face recognition performance

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Conference on Biometric Technology for Human Identification iii

作者： Faltemier, Timothy Bowyer, Kevin Univ Notre Dame Dept Comp Sci & Engn Notre Dame IN 46545 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819462586

This paper considers the effect of using different probe and gallery sensors on the performance of 3D face recognition. We report results of recognition experiments using face scans of 120 different persons, taken with two different commercial scanners, each at two different times. Our matching algorithm is a version of ICP, which is a popular approach to 3D face recoanition. We find substantial differences in recognition rate between the sensors considered in part due to the different C types of imaging artifacts produced. When matching data across sensors, the higher-quality data should be the enrollment data.

关键词： Sensors Facial recognition systems 3D image processing Cameras Scanners Detection and tracking algorithms 3D acquisition Image processing Principal component analysis Sensor performance

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The civil air patrol ARCHER hyperspectral sensor system

The civil air patrol ARCHER hyperspectral sensor system

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Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) systems and Applications II

作者： Stevenson, B O'Connor, R Kendall, W Stocker, A Schaff, W Holasek, R Even, D Alexa, D Salvador, J Eismann, M Mack, R Kee, P Harris, S Karch, B Kershenstein, J Space Computer Corp. (United States) NovaSol Inc. (United States) Civil Air Patrol (United States) Air Force Research Lab. (United States) Naval Research Lab. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819457728

The Civil Air Patrol (CAP) is procuring Airborne Real-time Cueing Hyperspectral Enhanced Reconnaissance (ARCHER) systems to increase their search-and-rescue mission capability. These systems are being installed on a fleet of Gippsland GA-8 aircraft, and will position CAP to gain real-world mission experience with the application of hyperspectral sensor and processing technology to search and rescue. The ARCHER system design, data processing, and operational concept leverage several years of investment in hyperspectral technology research and airborne system demonstration programs by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). Each ARCHER system consists of a NovaSol-designed, pushbroom, visible/near-infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) sensor, a co-boresighted visible panchromatic high-resolution imaging (HRI) sensor, and a CMIGITS-iii GPS/INS unit in an integrated sensor assembly mounted inside the GA-8 cabin. ARCHER incorporates an on-board data processing system developed by Space Computer Corporation (SCC) to perform numerous real-time processing functions including data acquisition and recording, raw data correction, target detection, cueing and chipping, precision image geo-registration, and display and dissemination of image products and target cue information. A ground processing station is provided for post-flight data playback and analysis. This paper describes the requirements and architecture of the ARCHER system, including design, components, software, interfaces, and displays. Key sensor performance characteristics and real-time data processing features are discussed in detail. The use of the system for detecting and geo-locating ground targets in real-time is demonstrated using test data collected in Southern California in the fall of 2004.

关键词： Sensors Target detection Image processing Cameras Data processing Image sensors imaging systems Data acquisition Detection and tracking algorithms Hyperspectral imaging

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HQ-I2IT: Redesign the optimization scheme to improve image quality in CycleGAN-based image translation systems

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IET IMAGE processing 2024年第2期18卷 507-522页

作者： Zhang, Yipeng Hu, Bingliang Huang, Yingying Gao, Chi Yin, Jianfu Wang, Quang Chinese Acad Sci Xian Inst Opt & Precis Mech Key Lab Spectral Imaging Technol 17 Informat Ave Xian 710119 Shaanxi Peoples R China Key Lab Biomed Spect Xian Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Optoelect Beijing Peoples R China

The image-to-image translation (I2IT) task aims to transform images from the source domain into the specified target domain. State-of-the-art CycleGAN-based translation algorithms typically use cycle consistency loss and latent regression loss to constrain translation. In this work, it is demonstrated that the model parameters constrained by the cycle consistency loss and the latent regression loss are equivalent to optimizing the medians of the data distribution and the generative distribution. In addition, there is a style bias in the translation. This bias interacts between the generator and the style encoder and visually exhibits translation errors, e.g. the style of the generated image is not equal to the style of the reference image. To address these issues, a new I2IT model termed high-quality-I2IT (HQ-I2IT) is proposed. The optimization scheme is redesigned to prevent the model from optimizing the median of the data distribution. In addition, by separating the optimization of the generator and the latent code estimator, the redesigned model avoids error interactions and gradually corrects errors during training, thereby avoiding learning the median of the generated distribution. The experimental results demonstrate that the visual quality of the images produced by HQ-I2IT is significantly improved without changing the generator structure, especially when guided by the reference images. Specifically, the Frechet inception distance on the AFHQ and CelebA-HQ datasets are reduced from 19.8 to 10.2 and from 23.8 to 17.0, respectively. In this work, it is demonstrated that the cycle consistency loss and latent regression loss in CycleGAN-based image translation models can be detrimental to image quality. The optimization scheme of CycleGAN-based image translation systems is redesigned and a new translation model named HQ-I2IT is proposed. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly improve image quality and translation ***

关键词： computer animation computer vision image processing

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Real-time rendering of optical effects using spatial convolution

Real-time rendering of optical effects using spatial convolu...

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Conference on Real-Time imaging iii

作者： Rokita, P Warsaw Univ Technol Inst Comp Sci PL-00665 Warsaw Poland

ISBN: (纸本)0819427438

Simulation of special effects such as: defocus effect, depth-of-field effect, raindrops or water film failing on the windshield. may be very useful in visual simulators and in all computer graphics applications that need realistic images of outdoor scenery. Those effects are especially important in rendering poor visibility conditions in flight and driving simulators, but can also be applied, for example, in compositing computer graphics and video sequences - i.e. in Augmented Reality systems. This paper proposes a new approach to the rendering of those optical effects by iterative adaptive filtering using spatial convolution. The advantage of this solution is that the adaptive convolution can be done in real-time by existing hardware. Optical effects mentioned above can be introduced into the image computed using conventional camera model by applying to the intensity of each pixel the convolution filter having an appropriate point spread function. The algorithms described in this paper can be easily implemented in the visualization pipeline - the final effect may be obtained by iterative filtering using a single hardware convolution filter or with the pipeline composed of identical 3x3 filters placed as the stages of this pipeline. Another advantage of the proposed solution is that the extension based on proposed algorithm can be added to the existing rendering systems as a final stage of the visualization pipeline.

关键词： visual simulators real-time rendering image processing rendering optical phenomena convolution

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Random observations on random observations: Sparse signal acquisition and processing

Random observations on random observations: Sparse signal ac...

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作者： Davenport, Mark A. Rice University

学位级别：Ph.D.

In recent years, signal processing has come under mounting pressure to accommodate the increasingly high-dimensional raw data generated by modern sensing systems. Despite extraordinary advances in computational power, processing the signals produced in application areas such as imaging, video, remote surveillance, spectroscopy, and genomic data analysis continues to pose a tremendous challenge. Fortunately, in many cases these high-dimensional signals contain relatively little information compared to their ambient dimensionality. For example, signals can often be well-approximated as a sparse linear combination of elements from a known basis or dictionary. Traditionally, sparse models have been exploited only after acquisition, typically for tasks such as compression. Recently, however, the applications of sparsity have greatly expanded with the emergence of compressive sensing, a new approach to data acquisition that directly exploits sparsity in order to acquire analog signals more efficiently via a small set of more general, often randomized, linear measurements. If properly chosen, the number of measurements can be much smaller than the number of Nyquist-rate samples. A common theme in this research is the use of randomness in signal acquisition, inspiring the design of hardware systems that directly implement random measurement protocols. This thesis builds on the field of compressive sensing and illustrates how sparsity can be exploited to design efficient signal processing algorithms at all stages of the information processing pipeline, with a particular focus on the manner in which randomness can be exploited to design new kinds of acquisition systems for sparse signals. Our key contributions include: (i) exploration and analysis of the appropriate properties for a sparse signal acquisition system; (ii) insight into the useful properties of random measurement schemes; (iii) analysis of an important family of algorithms for recovering sparse signals from rand

关键词： Applied Mechanics

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Scientific Developments in imaging and Dosimetry for Molecular Radiotherapy

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CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2021年第2期33卷 117-124页

作者： Bardies, M. Gear, J., I Ctr Rech Cancerol Toulouse UMR 1037 Toulouse France Univ Toulouse III Paul Sabatier INSERM UMR 1037 Toulouse France Royal Marsden NHS Fdn Trust Joint Dept Phys Sutton SM2 5PT Surrey England Inst Canc Res Sutton SM2 5PT Surrey England

Molecular radiotherapy is a rapidly developing field with new vector and isotope combinations continually added to market. As with any radiotherapy treatment, it is vital that the absorbed dose and toxicity profile are adequately characterised. Methodologies for absorbed dose calculations for radiopharmaceuticals were generally developed to characterise stochastic effects and not suited to calculations on a patient-specific basis. There has been substantial scientific and technological development within the field of molecular radiotherapy dosimetry to answer this challenge. The development of imaging systems and advanced processing techniques enable the acquisition of accurate measurements of radioactivity within the body. Activity assessment combined with dosimetric models and radiation transport algorithms make individualised absorbed dose calculations not only feasible, but commonplace in a variety of commercially available software packages. The development of dosimetric parameters beyond the absorbed dose has also allowed the possibility to characterise the effect of irradiation by including biological parameters that account for radiation absorbed dose rates, gradients and spatial and temporal energy distribution heterogeneities. Molecular radiotherapy is in an exciting time of its development and the application of dosimetry in this field can only have a positive influence on its continued progression. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal College of Radiologists.

关键词： Absorbed dose calculation dosimetry molecular radiotherapy quantitative imaging

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Naval EarthMap Observer: Overview and data processing

Naval EarthMap Observer: Overview and data processing

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Conference on Sensors, systems, and Next-Generation Satellites iii

作者： Bowles, J Davis, C Carney, M Clamons, D Gao, BC Gillis, D Kappus, M Lamela, G Montes, M Palmadesso, P Rhea, J Snyder, W USN Res Lab Remote Sensing Div Washington DC 20375 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819434655

We present an overview of the Naval EarthMap Observer (NEMO) spacecraft and then focus on the processing of NEMO data both on-board the spacecraft and on the ground. The NEMO spacecraft provides for Joint Naval needs and demonstrates the use of hyperspectral imagery for the characterization of the littoral environment and for littoral ocean model development. NEMO is being funded jointly by the US government and commercial partners. The Coastal Ocean imaging Spectrometer (COIS) is the primary instrument on the NEMO and covers the spectral range from 400 to 2500 nm at 10-nm resolution with either 30 or 60 m GSD. The hyperspectral data is processed on-board the NEMO using NRL's Optical Real-time Automated Spectral Identification System (ORASIS) algorithm that provides for real time analysis, feature extraction and greater than 10:1 data compression. The high compression factor allows for ground coverage of greater than 10(6) km(2)/day. Calibration of the sensor is done with a combination of moon imaging, using an onboard light source and vicarious calibration using a number of earth sites being monitored for that purpose. The data will be atmospherically corrected using ATREM. algorithms will also be available to determine water clarity, bathymetry and bottom type.

关键词： hyperspectral compression NEMO LVQ ORASIS Coastal Ocean calibration

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