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7th International Conference on Image Formation in X-Ray Computed Tomography

作者： F Del Cerro, C. Galán, A. García Blas, J. Desco, M. Abella, M. The Dpto. Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial Universidad Carlos III de Madrid The Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain The Dpto. Arquitectura de Computadores Comunicaciones y Sistemas Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Madrid Spain Madrid Spain Madrid Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781510656697

Tomosynthesis offers an alternative to planar radiography providing pseudo-tomographic information at a much lower radiation dose than CT. The fact that it cannot convey information about the density poses a major limitation towards the use of tomosynthesis in chest imaging, due to the wide range of pathologies that present an increase in the density of the pulmonary parenchyma. Previous works have attempted to improve image quality through enhanced analytical, iterative algorithms, or including a deep learning-based step in the reconstruction, but the results shown are still far from the quantitative information of a CT. In this work, we propose a reconstruction methodology consisting of a filtered back-projection step followed by post-processing based on Deep Learning to obtain a tomographic image closer to CT. Preliminary results show the potential of the proposed methodology to obtain true tomographic information from tomosynthesis data, which could replace CT scans in applications where the radiation dose is critical. © 2022 SPIE.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Black Phosphorus Avalanche Photodetector 75

Black Phosphorus Avalanche Photodetector

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75th Annual Device Research Conference (DRC)

作者： Atalla, Mahmoud R. M. Koester, Steven J. Univ Minnesota Twin Cities ECE Dept 200 Union St SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781509063284

The strong light-matter interaction of atomically-thin layered black phosphorus (BP) has attracted great attention recently. Exfoliated few-layer and monolayer BP flakes have a layer-tunable direct bandgap that varies from 2.0 eV for monolayer to 0.3 eV for bulk, which makes BP a very promising optoelectronic material in the visible and telecom wavelengths [1-3]. The high mobility of BP devices suggested its utilization as an active material of an avalanche photodetector (APD). Recently, APDs utilizing two-dimensional (2D) materials such as transition-metal dichalcogenides (e.g. MoS₂) and layered iii-VI semiconductors (e.g. InSe) have been demonstrated [4,5]. Both of these 2D materials possess wide bandgaps that discourage their usage in the infrared [6,7]. The successful demonstration of waveguide-integrated BP photodetector working at 1.55 μm wavelength [1] has stimulated the pursuit of high-performance BP APDs. In this work, we report on the first 2D material-based BP APD featuring high external quantum efficiency (EQE) and avalanche gain. These results provide strong evidence that BP is a promising material for high-performance optical communication and imaging systems.

关键词： Estimation Field programmable gate arrays OFDM Modulation Filtration Clocks Signal processing algorithms

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Neural network for false positive reduction in full field digital mammography with microcalcification shape preservation

Neural network for false positive reduction in full field di...

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Conference on Object Detection, Classification, and Tracking Technologies

作者： Song, DS Qian, W Sun, XJ Li, J Zheng, BY Clark, RA Univ S Florida H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr Coll Med Tampa FL 33682 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819442828

We compared different edge detection algorithms and found that the "Marr-Hildreth" edge detection [8] have the best performance for macrocalcification shape preservation in our MCCs detection system. Edge detection is one of the most commonly used operations in image analysis. The edges form die outline of the macrocalcifications. An edge is the boundary between an object and the background, and indicates the boundary between overlapping objects. This means that if the edges in an image can be identified accurately, all of the macrocalcifications can be located and the areas, perimeters, and shapes can be measured. So edge detection is one of the effect methods to preserve the shape of microcalcifications. Based on the edge enhancement method, a new mixed feature multistage method has been developed for improving the false positive (FP) reduction performance. Eleven features were extracted from both spatial and morphology domains in order to describe the micro-calcification clusters (MCCs) from different perspectives. These features are grouped into three categories: gray-level description, shape description and clusters description. This method was combined with neural network used in our false positive reduction, that reduce the false positive from 3.1/image to 0.1/image in 50 full field digital mammograms. The 50 mammograms are with 24 normal images and 26 abnormal images, including 41 microcalcification clusters in our database.

关键词： Image segmentation Image enhancement Neural networks Feature extraction Edge detection Digital imaging Image filtering Databases Image processing algorithms and systems Digital mammography

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A modular system architecture for online parallel vision pipelines

A modular system architecture for online parallel vision pip...

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IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)

作者： Jeremie Papon Alexey Abramov Eren Aksoy Florentin Wörgötter Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (BCCN) III Physikalisches Institut-Biophysik Georg-August University of Göttingen Germany Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (BCCN) III Physikalisches Institut-Biophysik Georg-August-University of Goettingen Germany

We present an architecture for real-time, online vision systems which enables development and use of complex vision pipelines integrating any number of algorithms. Individual algorithms are implemented using modular plugins, allowing integration of independently developed algorithms and rapid testing of new vision pipeline configurations. The architecture exploits the parallelization of graphics processing units (GPUs) and multi-core systems to speed processing and achieve real-time performance. Additionally, the use of a global memory management system for frame buffering permits complex algorithmic flow (e.g. feedback loops) in online processing setups, while maintaining the benefits of threaded asynchronous operation of separate algorithms. To demonstrate the system, a typical real-time system setup is described which incorporates plugins for video and depth acquisition, GPU-based segmentation and optical flow, semantic graph generation, and online visualization of output. Performance numbers are shown which demonstrate the insignificant overhead cost of the architecture as well as speed-up over strictly CPU and single threaded implementations.

关键词： Visualization Optical buffering Optical imaging Instruction sets Integrated optics

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Segmentation of colonic polyps in NBI-forming material using gabor filter-based multi-channel level sets 1

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Workshops Bildverarbeitung fur die Medizin: Algorithmen - Systeme - Anwendungen, BVM 2013 - Workshop on Image processing for Medicine: algorithms - systems - Applications, BVM 2013

作者： Morariu, Cosmin Adrian Gross, Sebastian Pauli, Josef Aach, Til Lehrstuhl Intelligente Systeme Universität Duisburg-Essen Germany Lehrstuhl für Bildverarbeitung RWTH Aachen Germany Medizinische Klinik III Universitätsklinikum Aachen Germany

ISBN: (数字)9783642364808

ISBN: (纸本)9783642364792

Das Narrow Band imaging (NBI) erleichtert die Differenzierung zwischen Adenomen und harmlosen Darmwandgebilden (Hyperplasten) durch eine kontrastreiche Blutgefäßdarstellung. Dadurch wird eine automatische Segmentierung der Blutgefäße und Klassifizierung der Kolonpolypen hinsichtlich ihrer Entartungsfähigkeit ermöglicht. Eine erste Voraussetzung besteht in der automatisierten Trennung der Polypenoberfläche von der umliegenden Darmwand. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, welches die Nachahmung der Fähigkeiten des Menschen zur Mustererkennung umsetzt. Die kombinierte Einbeziehung von Farbe und Textur gelingt mithilfe eines Gaußschen Farbmodells und Gaborfilterbasierten Aktiven Konturen. Eine Lokalisierungsgenauigkeit von 81 % und eine Spezifität von 94 % gewährleisten eine akkurate Polypensegmentierung durch die vorgestellte Level-Set-Methode und verprechen eine erfolgreiche Erkennung auch anderer Gewebe im Rahmen optischer sowie radiologischer Untersuchungen.

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UWB microwave imaging for breast cancer detection: tumor/clutter identification using a time of arrival data fusion method

UWB microwave imaging for breast cancer detection: tumor/clu...

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Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium

作者： Yifan Chen E. Gunawan Yongmin Kim Kaysoon Low Cheongboon Soh Biomedical Engineering Research Centre Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Bioengineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424401224

This paper proposed a novel scheme for early breast cancer detection using UWB microwave imaging. By applying the CLEAN algorithm to process the received signals at each sensor, the IR components can be successfully resolved. The locations and scattering strengths of dominant scatterers are then estimated based on the TOA data fusion concept. Simulation results have indicated the feasibility of detecting a tumor of 2 mm at depth of 2 cm. As compared to the existing techniques, the proposed approach is more computationally-efficient since the scanning process is localized at a few candidate locations. A number of issues that need to be addressed in future include: (i) effectiveness of the proposed approach for 3-D phantoms with realistic breast shapes and tissue compositions; (ii) extension of analysis to more complicated antenna array systems; (iii) other signal processing algorithms that may provide better IR component extraction and scatterer location estimation

关键词： Microwave theory and techniques Microwave imaging Breast cancer Cancer detection Breast neoplasms Scattering Optical imaging Signal processing algorithms Signal processing Signal resolution

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Kernel Multivariate Analysis Framework for Supervised Subspace Learning

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IEEE SIGNAL processing MAGAZINE 2013年第4期30卷 16-29页

作者： Arenas-Garcia, Jeronimo Petersen, Kaare Brandt Camps-Valls, Gustavo Hansen, Lars Kai Tech Univ Denmark Cognit Syst Sect Lyngby Denmark

Feature extraction and dimensionality reduction are important tasks in many fields of science dealing with signal processing and analysis. The relevance of these techniques is increasing as current sensory devices are developed with ever higher resolution, and problems involving multimodal data sources become more common. A plethora of feature extraction methods are available in the literature collectively grouped under the field of Multivariate Analysis (MVA). This paper provides a uniform treatment of several methods: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares (PLS), Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) and Orthonormalized PLS (OPLS), as well as their non-linear extensions derived by means of the theory of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. We also review their connections to other methods for classification and statistical dependence estimation, and introduce some recent developments to deal with the extreme cases of large-scale and low-sized problems. To illustrate the wide applicability of these methods in both classification and regression problems, we analyze their performance in a benchmark of publicly available data sets, and pay special attention to specific real applications involving audio processing for music genre prediction and hyperspectral satellite images for Earth and climate monitoring.

关键词： Feature extraction Machine learning Learning systems Signal processing algorithms Principal component analysis Kernal Signal resolution Hilbert space Satellite broadcasting Satellite imaging Audio systems

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Two- and three-dimensional quantitative image analysis of coronary arteries from hi-resolution histological sections

Two- and three-dimensional quantitative image analysis of co...

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Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist systems II

作者： Holmes iii, David R. Robb, Richard Mayo Foundation Rochester MN United States

The study of coronary arteries has evolved from examining gross anatomy and morphology to scrutinizing micro-anatomy and cellular composition. Technological advances such as high-powered digital microscopes and high precision cutting devices have allowed clinicians to examine coronary artery morphology and pathology at micron resolution. Our work explores the composition of normal coronary arteries in order to provide the foundation for further study of remodeled tissue. The first of two coronary arteries was sliced into 442 sections with 4 micron inter-slice spacing. Each slice was stained for elastin and collagen. The second coronary artery was sectioned into 283 slices, also with 4 micron resolution. These slices were stained for cellular nuclei and smooth muscle. High resolution light microscopy was used to image the sections. The data was analyzed for collegen/elastin content and nuclei density, respectively. processing of this type of data is challenging in the areas of segmentation, visualization and quantification. Segmentation was confounded by variation in image quality as well as complexity of the coronary tissue. These problems were overcome by the development of 'smart' thresholding algorithms for segmentation. In addition, morphology and image statistics were used to further refine the results of the segmentation. Specificity/sensitivity analysis suggests that automatic segmentation can be very effective. 3-D visualization of coronary arteries is challenging due to multiple tissue layers. Methods such as summed voxel projection and maximum intensity projection appear to be effective. Shading methods also provide adequate visualization, however it is important to incorporate combined 2-D and 3-D displays. Surface rendering techniques (e.g. texture mapping) are useful tools for visualizing parametric data. Quantification in three dimensions is simple in practice but appropriate descriptions of these results must be displayed to clinicians in a clear way.

关键词： Medical imaging

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Camera Orientation Estimation Using Motion Based Vanishing Point Detection for Automatic Driving Assistance System

Camera Orientation Estimation Using Motion Based Vanishing P...

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IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)

作者： Jo, Youngran Jang, Jinbeum Paik, Joonki Chung Ang Univ Grad Sch Adv Imaging Sci Multimedia & Film Image Proc & Intelligent Syst Lab Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781538630259

This paper presents a camera orientation estimation method based on 3-line RANSAC using motion vector in a driving straight ahead vehicle. The proposed method consists of three steps: i) motion vector and z-axis vanishing point estimation using feature extraction and matching, ii) line detection and classification using 3-line RANSAC algorithm, and iii) camera orientation estimation with vanishing points using classified lines. The experimental result shows proposed method effectively estimate camera orientation parameter. Therefore, the proposed method can be applied in vehicle systems for automatic driving assistance system.

关键词： Cameras Estimation Calibration Classification algorithms Parallel processing Computer vision Real-time systems

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Volumetric velocimetry for fluid flows

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MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018年第4期29卷 042001-042001页

作者： Discetti, Stefano Coletti, Filippo Univ Carlos III Madrid Aerosp Engn Grp Leganes Spain Univ Minnesota Aerosp Engn & Mech Minneapolis MN USA

In recent years, several techniques have been introduced that are capable of extracting 3D three-component velocity fields in fluid flows. Fast-paced developments in both hardware and processing algorithms have generated a diverse set of methods, with a growing range of applications in flow diagnostics. This has been further enriched by the increasingly marked trend of hybridization, in which the differences between techniques are fading. In this review, we carry out a survey of the prominent methods, including optical techniques and approaches based on medical imaging. An overview of each is given with an example of an application from the literature, while focusing on their respective strengths and challenges. A framework for the evaluation of velocimetry performance in terms of dynamic spatial range is discussed, along with technological trends and emerging strategies to exploit 3D data. While critical challenges still exist, these observations highlight how volumetric techniques are transforming experimental fluid mechanics, and that the possibilities they offer have just begun to be explored.

关键词： volumetric velocimetry 3D flows measurement volumetric PIV

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