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Training or inheritance in human vision? A critical test for understanding and engineering of intelligent optical systems

Training or inheritance in human vision? A critical test for...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XVI - algorithms, techniques, Active vision, and Materials Handling

作者： Lauinger, N CORRSYS GmbH (Germany)

ISBN: (纸本)0819426407

Inheritance or training in human vision? Training allows individual adaptation to environmental conditions, while genetics determine optimized constant i.e. long-term abilities. The biological engineering of the human eye needs both inheritance and training to realize its high performances. Particularly during postnatal training of an eye, adaptive freedom is necessary and available. To test the part of training it would become necessary to experimentally determine the in vivo refractive index differences between cellular nuclei and cytoplasm in retinal nuclear layers before and after birth to see if diffractive optical tuning of trichromatism in a retinal 3D-grating is synchronized with the differentiation of 3 photopigments in photopic vision or if the specialization in photochemistry depends on crystal-optical preprocessing.

关键词： human vision retina visual pigments colour vision genes in vision training in vision

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Virtual force field based obstacle avoidance and agent based intelligent mobile robot

Virtual force field based obstacle avoidance and agent based...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXV - algorithms, techniques, and Active vision

作者： Sarkar, Saurabh Reynolds, Scott Hall, Ernest Univ Cincinnati Dept Mech Engn 2600 Clifton Ave Cincinnati OH 45221 USA Univ Cincinnati Dept Comp Sci Cincinnati OH 45221 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819469243

This paper presents a modified virtual force based obstacle avoidance approach suited for laser range finder. The modified method takes advantage of the polar coordinate based data sent by the laser sensor by mapping the environment in a polar coordinate system. The method also utilizes a Gaussian function based certainty values to detect obstacle. The method successfully navigates through complex obstacles and reaches target GPS waypoints.

关键词： virtual force field laser ranger finder agents

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Diffractive-optical correlators: chances to make optical image pre-processing as intelligent as human vision.

Diffractive-optical correlators: chances to make optical ima...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXII - algorithms, techniques and Active vision

作者： Lauinger, N Corrsys Datron Sensorsysteme GmbH (Germany)

ISBN: (纸本)081945561X

The human eye is a good model for the engineering of optical correlators. Three prominent intelligent functionalities in human vision could in the near future become realized by a new diffractive-optical hardware design of optical imaging sensors: Illuminant-adaptive RGB-based Color vision, Monocular 3D vision based on RGB data processing, Patchwise fourier-optical Object-Classification and Identification. The hardware design of the human eye (Fig. 1) has specific diffractive-optical elements (DOE's) in aperture and in image space and seems to execute the three jobs at - or not far behind - the loci of the images of objects.

关键词： RGB color model Eye Cones 3D image processing Diffraction gratings 3D vision Modulators Human vision and color perception Near field optics Optical correlators

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3D CAD-based object recognition for a flexible assembly cell

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical ...

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Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1996年 2904卷 167-177页

作者： Najjari, H. Steiner, Simon J. Univ. of Birmingham Birmingham UK

ISBN: (纸本)0819423068;9780819423061

Current developments in the field of automated assembly systems show an increasing interest in systems that are flexible in both CAD based product design and CAD based assembly. For the application addressed in this paper, coupling the vision system and a CAD database is of prime importance in order to achieve the required automatic reconfiguration of the assembly cell when new parts are defined. This paper presents a 3D CAD-based vision system for obtaining 3D data about the scene. After the images are acquired, edge detection is preformed and the detected edges are stored as chaincodes. Following that, a stereo vision algorithm is applied for finding the recognition features. The output are lists of features that are combined into a 3D wireframe representing the scene. The recognition algorithm takes the observed wireframe outputs from the stereo vision system, and compares them with a set of model wireframes derived from previous models, in order to select the 'best match', where the previous models used for recognition are derived from a product data model (PDM). The PDM is an interface between the CAD database and the recognition system, which allows the automatic generation of new models when new parts are introduced into the system. The vision system described in this paper is part of an intelligent robotic assembly cell, where the aim is to build a flexible intelligent robotic assembly cell, such that robots would be able to automatically assemble a random variety of small-batch products.

关键词： computer vision

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intelligent vision process for robot manipulation

Intelligent vision process for robot manipulation

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intelligent robots and computer vision ix: algorithms and techniques

作者： Chen, Alexander Y.K. Chen, Eugene Y.S. Scientific Research Associates Inc Glastonbury United States

A new approach is introduced in this paper to deal with the problems of real-time machine vision and pattern recognition for robotic manipulations. This approach emphasizes three directions: (1) the developed algorithm has to be compact enough for embedded intelligent control implementation;(2) the computational scheme should be highly efficient for on-line robot reasoning and manipulations;and (3) the resulting system has to be sufficiently flexible to accommodate various working environments and to cope with some system shortcomings. The vertical integration of related vision hardware, image analysis software and analytical techniques (e.g. fuzzy logic and neural networks) together with the novel algorithms for robot eye-brain-hand coordination constitutes a unique robot vision system. The potential of more extensive hardware implementation is discussed and a wider spectrum of applications of the proposed robot vision system is envisioned.

关键词： Robotics

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PYRAMIDAL NEURO-vision ARCHITECTURE FOR vision MACHINES 12

PYRAMIDAL NEURO-VISION ARCHITECTURE FOR VISION MACHINES

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12th Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision: algorithms and techniques

作者： GUPTA, MM KNOPF, GK UNIV SASKATCHEWAN COLL ENGNINTELLIGENT SYST RES LABSASKATOON S7N 0W0SASKATCHEWANCANADA

ISBN: (纸本)0819413208

The vision system employed by an intelligent robot must be active; active in the sense that it must be capable of selectively acquiring the minimal amount of relevant information for a given task. An efficient active vision system architecture that is based loosely upon the parallel-hierarchical (pyramidal) structure of the biological visual pathway is presented in this paper. Although the computational architecture of the proposed pyramidal neuro-vision system is far less sophisticated than the architecture of the biological visual pathway, it does retain some essential features such as the converging multilayered structure of its biological counterpart. In terms of visual information processing, the neuro-vision system is constructed from a hierarchy of several interactive computational levels, whereupon each level contains one or more nonlinear parallel processors. Computationally efficient vision machines can be developed by utilizing both the parallel and serial information processing techniques within the pyramidal computing architecture. A computer simulation of a pyramidal vision system for active scene surveillance is presented.

关键词： Machine vision Visualization Robot vision Signal processing computer vision technology computer architecture Computing systems Data processing Information visualization Content addressable memory

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Integration of image/video understanding engine into 4D/RCS architecture for intelligent perception-based behavior of robots in real-world environments

Integration of image/video understanding engine into 4D/RCS ...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXII - algorithms, techniques and Active vision

作者： Kuvich, G Smart Computer Vision Systems (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)081945561X

To be completely successful, robots need to have reliable perceptual systems that are similar to human vision. It is hard to use geometric operations for processing of natural images. Instead, the brain builds a relational network-symbolic structure of visual scene, using different clues to set up the relational order of surfaces and objects with respect to the observer and to each other. Feature, symbol, and predicate are equivalent in the biologically inspired Network-Symbolic systems. A linking mechanism binds these features/symbols into coherent structures, and image converts from a "raster" into a "vector" representation. View-based object recognition is a hard problem for traditional algorithms that directly match a primary view of an object to a model. In Network-Symbolic Models, the derived structure, not the primary view, is a subject for recognition. Such recognition is not affected by local changes and appearances of the object as seen from a set of similar views. Once built, the model of visual scene changes slower then local information in the visual buffer. It allows for disambiguating visual information and effective control of actions and navigation via incremental relational changes in visual buffer. Network-Symbolic models can be seamlessly integrated into the NIST 4D/RCS architecture and better interpret images/video for situation awareness, target recognition, navigation and actions.

关键词： image video understanding network symbolic systems active vision UGV 4D/RCS

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Autonomous robot vision software design using Matlab toolboxes

Autonomous robot vision software design using Matlab toolbox...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXII - algorithms, techniques and Active vision

作者： Tedder, M Chung, CJ Lawrence Technol Univ Southfield MI 48075 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945561X

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a cost-effective way to design robot vision and control software using Matlab for an autonomous robot designed to compete in the 2004 intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC). The goal of the autonomous challenge event is for the robot to autonomously navigate an outdoor obstacle course bounded by solid and dashed lines on the ground. Visual input data is provided by a DV camcorder at 160 x 120 pixel resolution. The design of this system involved writing an image-processing algorithm using hue, satuaration, and brightness (HSB) color filtering and Matlab image processing functions to extract the centroid, area, and orientation of the connected regions from the scene. These feature vectors are then mapped to linguistic variables that describe the objects in the world environment model. The linguistic variables act as inputs to a fuzzy logic controller designed using the Matlab fuzzy logic toolbox, which provides the knowledge and intelligence component necessary to achieve the desired goal. Java provides the central interface to the robot motion control and image acquisition components. Field test results indicate that the Matlab based solution allows for rapid software design, development and modification of our robot system.

关键词： computer vision algorithms autonomous mobile robots obstacle avoidance fuzzy logic neural networks

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TEXTURE CHARACTERIZATION - MORPHOLOGICAL APPROACH 12

TEXTURE CHARACTERIZATION - MORPHOLOGICAL APPROACH

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12th Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision: algorithms and techniques

作者： MAHADASA, V RAO, TCM RAO, BSP SAGAR, BSD ANDHRA UNIV DEPT GEOENGNWALTAIR 530003ANDHRA PRADESHINDIA

ISBN: (纸本)0819413208

Textural filters that are designed in the texture spectrum domain are used by slightly changing rules in the calculation of the texture unit number by ordering the elements of the texture unit with respect to the positions of maximum and minimum gray level values as their initial positions in the 3 X 3 subimage. Following that, maximum and minimum values, in addition to the average value of standardized nine elements, are also considered in the transformation processes. Condition morphological filter is applied on the texture filtered image of 200 X 300 pixel data. The results are showing promising potential for geological feature recognition.

关键词： Image filtering Optical filters Image processing Lithium computer vision technology Machine vision Robot vision robots Linear filtering Digital imaging

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VERTICES AND CORNERS - A MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD APPROACH 12

VERTICES AND CORNERS - A MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD APPROACH

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12th Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision: algorithms and techniques

作者： MALIK, R SO, S STEVENS INST TECHNOL DEPT ELECTR ENGN & COMP SCIHOBOKENNJ 07030

ISBN: (纸本)0819413208

Scenes of polyhedral objects may be accurately represented in 2-D using line sketches. An aim of low level image processing is to generate useful binary images from grey scale images. The binary images generated by enhancement/threshold edge detectors are usually unrefined outlines of the underlying 3-D scene. Such images must be further processed to isolate and identify region boundaries; which, in the case of polyhedra, consist of line segments. The intersection or connection points of these line segments are known as vertices or corners. The work reported in this paper employs a decision theoretic approach to detect vertices in grey scale images.

关键词： Image segmentation computer vision technology Machine vision Robot vision robots Image processing Binary data Silicon 3D image enhancement Sensors

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